51题库考试学习网
最新考题
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共用题干Trying to Find a PartnerOne of the most striking findings of a recent poii in the UK is that of the people interviewed, one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and sustain intimate relationships?Does modern life really make it harder to , fall in love?Or are we making it harder for ourselves?It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships.Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status.A man doesn't expect his spouse to be in sole charge of running his household and raising his children.But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.In theory,finding a partner should be much simpler these days.Only a few generations ago, your choice of soulmate(心上人)was constrained by geography , social convention and family tradition .Although it was never explicit,many marriages were essentially arranged.Now those barriers have been broken down.You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening. When the world is your oyster(牡砺),you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint:the tyranny of choice.The expectations of partners are inflated to an unmanageable degree:good looks,impressive salary,kind to grandmother,and right socks.There is no room for error in the first impression.We think that a relationship can be perfect. If it isn't,it is disposable.We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don't put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship.Of course,this is complicated by realities.The cost of housing and child-rearing creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership. What does the recent poil show?A: It is getting more difficult for a woman to find her husband.B: It is getting increasingly difficult to start a family.C: It is getting more difficult for a man to find his wife.D: It is getting increasingly difficult to develop an intimate relationship with your spouse.
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In short ,I am going to live there myself.A: To be frankB: In a wordC: That is to sayD:In other words
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共用题干Step Back in TimeDo you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us?One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45.But now,she can live until at least 80.One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better.We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again.And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.But in order that we don't slip back into bad habits,let's have a look at what life was 100 years agoFamilies had between 15 and 20 children,although many babies didn't live long.from lots of diseases , especially rickets (佝偻病)and scurvy(坏血病),which are bot diets.This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well.Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up,bending over a piece of string,because there was no room for them to lie down.People didn't have fridges until the 1920s.They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills(窗台板),blocks of ice,or even burying it in the garden.Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their pai lived 100 years ago,you might well be selling matchsticks(火柴杆)(a job done by many children)or working with your dad by now.People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons.A:RightB:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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共用题干Dangers Await Babies With AltitudeWomen who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies,a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished一many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:La Paz and Santa Cruz.La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3.65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0.44 kilometers.Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz."We were very surprised by this result,"says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth."This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child," says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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共用题干第二篇Sleep Necessary for MemoriesBurning the midnight oil before an exam or interview does harm to the performance according to a recent research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be taken back into the brain.A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a required condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead,scientists have found.The research,published in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience,showed that it was the act of sleep,rather than the simple passage of time,that was critical for long-term memory formation."We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation (巩固),"said Robert Stickgold , a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the latest study."It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them down.My suspicion is that sleep is one of those things that does the nailing down," Professor Stickgold said.With about one in five people claiming that they are so chronically short of sleep that it affects their daily activities,the latest work emphasizes the less well-understood side effect-serious memory impairment(损害).Volunteers in an experiment found it easier to remember a memory task if they were allowed to sleep that night.But for those kept awake,no amount of subsequent sleep made up for the initial loss.Professor Stickgold's team trained 24 people to identify the direction of three diagonal (斜线形的)bars flashed for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal (水平的)stripes.Half of the subjects were kept awake that night,while the others slept.Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in tiredness between the volunteers.Those who slept the first night were significantly and consistently better at remembering the task while the second group showed no improvement despite enjoying two nights of catch-up sleep. Those who slept the first nightA:couldn't remember the task.B:could not sleep the second and third nights.C:performed slightly better than those who did not.D:did much better than those who did not.
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共用题干Understanding Autism1 Autism(孤独症)is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from proper-ly understanding what they see,hear,and otherwise sense. This results in severe problems of social relationships,communication, and behavior. Individuals with autism have to painstakingly(费力地) learn normal patterns of speech and communication,and appropriate ways to relate to people,ob-jects,and events,in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke.2 The cause of autism is still unknown. Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses. There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic(遗传的)factors may sometimes be in-volved. Autism may indeed result from a combination of several“causes”.3 Most people with mental retardation(智力迟钝)show relatively even skill develop-ment. Individuals with autism,however,typically show uneven skill development,with deficits(欠缺)in certain areas一most frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others一and distinct skills in other areas.It is important to distinguish autism from mental retardation or ether disorders, since diagnostic(诊断的)confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques.4 In general,individuals with autism perform best at jobs which are structured and involve a degree of repetition. Some people who have autism are working as artists,piano tuners,painters,farm workers,office workers,computer operators,dishwashers,assembly line workers,or employees of sheltered workshops or other sheltered work settings.Paragraph 1______A: What Causes Autism?B: How Common Is Autism?C: Does Autism Occur Together With Other Disabilities?D: What Is the Difference Between Autism and Mental Retardation?E: What Is Autism?F: What Kinds of Jobs Can Individuals With Autism Do?
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共用题干Pop Music in AfricaYoung musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today,such as hip-hop,rap,rock,jazz,or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world,but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way:Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians.He grew up in Nairobi,Kenya,in a family of musicians.As a teenager,he listened to pop music from the United States,and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD in Kenya. Eric's most popular song,“Land of‘A Little Something’”is about Kenya's problem of bribery,or paying others for illegal favors.He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live.Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At the age of fifteen she lost her home,but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old,She had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania,especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women.Baaba Maal,from Senegal,also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment. He says that in Senegal,storytellers have alwaysbeen important people. In the past,they were the ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important,in fact.They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans,as well as the rights of women,love for one's family, and saving the environment.One of South Africa's most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes compared to Madonna,the American pop star,because she likes to shock people in her shows. But she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended,her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these,she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito.In recent years,people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musici-ans. Through music,the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and,at the same time,influencing the rest of the world.Witness Mwaijaga writes about the problem of women partly because______.A:she has had a difficult life herselfB: there are many problems in TanzaniaC: she has had an easy life herselfD: there are no other women singers
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共用题干第三篇Only special plants can survive in the terrible climate of a desert,for these are regions where the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75℃.Furthermore,during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plants from the sun's ray.Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds which drive small-sharp particles of sand into the plants,tearing and damaging them.The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life,however,is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring.Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long, hot,dry season in the form of seeds.These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls.If no rain falls,or if insufficient rain falls,they wait until the next year,or even still the next.Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short.By the time that the water from the spring rains disappears—ust a few weeks after it falls一such plants no longer need any.The perennials(多年生植物)have special features which enable them to survive as plants for several years. Thus,nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground.The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in a short time.The small shoot system,on the other hand,considerably limits water loss by evaporation(蒸发).Another feature of many desert perennials is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long,dry season,just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter. This reduces their water loss by evaporation during the dry season.Then,in the next rainy season,they come fully alive once more,and grow new branches,leaves and flowers,just as the grasses and flowers in desert do.The last paragraph is mainly about__________.A:the comparison between plants in different areasB:the growth of new leaves in the rainy seasonC:water loss by evaporation in the dry seasonD:the changes in the leaves of the perennials
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The police took fingerprints and identified the body.A:discoveredB:touchedC:recognizedD:missed
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A physician's sacred duty is to heal the sick.A:doctor B:professorC:physicist D:resident
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共用题干Washoe Learned American Sign Language1.An animal that influenced scientific thought has died.A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington.Washoe had become known in the scientific community arid around the world for her ability to use American sign language.She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language.Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.2.Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.In 1969,the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report.The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words.For example,Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas.She also asked questions like,"Who is coming to play?"Once the news about Washoe spread,many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research.The whole direction of primate research changed.3. However,critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers.They said she had never developed true language skills.Even now there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory,and perform the signs only for prizes.Yet Washoe's keepers disagree.Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners.He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg,Washington.There,Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees,which are still alive.4.Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees.Today,there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps.Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.5.Debate continues about chimps' understanding of human communication.Yet,one thing is sure一Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent_________.A:if the Gardeners' argument was soundB:because she was cleverer than other chimpsC:when she wanted to eatD:while she was at a research center in EllensburgE:because she could use sign language to ask for fruits F: while Washoe was learning sign language
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共用题干Research shows we make up our minds about people through unspoken communication within seven seconds of meeting them. Consciously or unconsciously,we show our true feelings with our eyes,faces,bodies and attitudes,causing a chain of reactions,ranging from comfort to fear.Think about some of your most unforgettable meetings:an introduction to your future spouse,a job interview,an encounter with a stranger. Focus on the first seven seconds.What did you feel and think?How did you"read"the other person?How do you think he read you?You are the message.For 25 years I've worked with thousands who want to be successful.I've helped them make persuasive presentations,answer unfriendly questions,communicate more effectively.The secret has always been you are the message.Others will want to be with you and help you if you use your good qualities.They include:physical appearance,energy,rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice,gestures,expression through the eyes,and the ability to hold the interest of others.Others form an impressiont about you based on these. Think of times when you know you made a good impression.What made you successful?You were committed to what you were talking about and so absorbed in the moment you lost all self-con-sciousness.Many books advise you to stride into a room and impress others with your qualities.They instruct you to greet them with"power handshakes"and tell you to fix your eyes on the other person. If you follow all this advice,you'll drive everyone crazy一including yourself.The trick is to be consistent at your best.The most effective people never change from one situation to another. They're the same whether they're having a conversation,addressing their garden club or being interviewed for a job.They communicate with their whole being;the tones of their voices and their gestures match their words.The first seven seconds of meeting can help us read the other person.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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共用题干Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune(免疫的)defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗)trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a viruswhich has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学)have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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共用题干Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred YearsA hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47:in the early 21st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these___1___ are rising all the time. What has brought___2___ these changes?When we look at the life___3___of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest___4___of the time. In the early 20th century,these were the acute and often ___5___ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk. In the ___6 ___world these diseases are far___ 7 ___today,and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of ___8 ___have led to this:improvements in sanitation and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which ___9___ bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations___10___ common diseases. ___11___ ,people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environ-ment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition. Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but ___12___ people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chro-nic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those ___13___ by viruses,such as influen- za and AIDS. Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect ___14___ people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity ___15___ more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as“lifestyle diseases”,which means that it may be possi- ble to halt their progress.10._________A: againstB: forC: toD: cause
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共用题干Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred YearsA hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47:in the early 21st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these___1___ are rising all the time. What has brought___2___ these changes?When we look at the life___3___of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest___4___of the time. In the early 20th century,these were the acute and often ___5___ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk. In the ___6 ___world these diseases are far___ 7 ___today,and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of ___8 ___have led to this:improvements in sanitation and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which ___9___ bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations___10___ common diseases. ___11___ ,people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environ-ment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition. Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but ___12___ people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chro-nic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those ___13___ by viruses,such as influen- za and AIDS. Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect ___14___ people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity ___15___ more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as“lifestyle diseases”,which means that it may be possi- ble to halt their progress.3._________A: lengthB: timeC: durationD: span
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共用题干Intelligence一a Changed View1.Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity,some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements.its value therefore,was as a predictor of children's future learning.If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious.Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age,and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education.2.Today,we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years,research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence.Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.3.There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence.Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment. We cannot observe and measure innate intelligence,whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Researches have been investigating what happens in this interaction.4.Two major findings have emerged from these researches.Firstly,the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life.It is estimated that 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly,the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship.Much of the difference in measured intelligence between "privileged" and "disadvantaged" children may be due to the latter's lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.5.These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence.Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind,we now see it as a set of development skills with which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and,indeed,one of them is learning how to learn.6.The modern ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes,fewer children will be given the label "low IQ"which must inevitably condemn a child in his own,if not society's eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.Paragraph 4__________A:Main Results of Recent Researches.B:Popular Doubt about the New View.C:Effect of Environment on Intelligence.D:Intelligence and Achievement.E:Impact on School Education.F:A Changed View of Intelligence.
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共用题干The Mind-Body ConnectionsNorman Cousins was a famous American magazine editor. In 1964,he returned from an overseas trip and then became very ill.In the hospital,he had a terrible pain and couldn't move his body.Doctors told him he had a serious disease called ankylosing spondylitis(强直性脊柱炎)and said he had only 1 chance in 500 of surviving. They gave him powerful drugs,but his condition only got worse.Cousins had read about a theory that negative emotions can harm your health.He believed that positive emotions were good for one's health,and he decided to try an experiment.He would fill his days with good feelings and laughter and see if that might improve his condition.He left the hospital and moved into a hotel room.There,he got a large supply of funny TV programs and copies of old Marx Brothers movies and cartoons.He also hired a nurse to read funny stories to him.His plan was to spend the whole day laughing and thinking about happy things.On his first night in the hotel,Cousins found that laughing at the movies helped his body produce chemicals that reduced pain.For the first time in weeks,he could sleep comfortably for a few hours.Every time the pain came back,he watched anotherfunny movie and laughed until he felt better.Over time,Cousins was able to measure changes in his body with blood tests.He found that the harmful chemicals in his body decreased at least 5 percent every time he watched a funny movie.After a short time, he was able to stop taking all of his medications.Finally his condition improved so much that he could go back to work.Cousins later wrote a book about how laughter and happiness helped him to survive a deadly illness. Many people didn't believe his story and said that his doctors were wrong about his disease.But since then, research has found that emotions do have a strong effect on physical health,and experiments found that laughter can help to reduce pain.Scientists today are working to understand the ways that our minds affect our bodies.Movies were better than funny stories for stopping pain.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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共用题干What Is Anthrax(炭疽)?There's been a lot of talk about anthrax on the news lately.Some people are worried that anthrax may be connected to terrorist attacks or that terrorists may spread the germ that _______(1)the disease.Federal officials and police are investigating this and taking________(2)to protect us.In the meantime,it's important not to panic over anthrax.The chances that you and your family________(3)at risk are very tiny.One of the ways you can feel better is to learn about anthrax.When you know what it is and________(4)you can get it,it doesn't seem quite as scary.So,what _______(5)is anthrax?Here are the facts on anthrax:Anthrax is a bacterial infection caused by a germ.Although it's most common in farm _______(6),like sheep,cows,pigs,horses,and goats,there's a very small chance that people can get it,too.Anthrax spores(抱子)(a version of the germ in a protective shell that can live in the soil for years)cause the disease.People may get anthrax if they are exposed to anthrax_______(7).But here's the important part:just being exposed to these spores doesn't mean that a person will get ________(8).For a person to get sick,he would have to breathe in thousands of these spores all the way into his________(9).Or he'd have to eat meat contaminated with anthrax orhandle_______(10)that has anthrax spores.This may sound scary,but even whena person comes______(11)contact with the spores,it's unlikely that he'll get sick._________(12)the bacteria do not get into the skin,digestive tract,or lung,thedisease won't develop.Anthrax is not spread from person to person the way the flu can spread from familymember to_________(13)member or classmate to classmate.Anthrax can almost always be successfully treated with antibiotics(抗生素).Anthrax is very rare.Until recently,anthrax wasn't even talked about because it was so rare一and it still________(14)!Even with all of the anthrax cases you are hearing about right now,a person's chances of getting anthrax are about the______(15)as they were before you heard about anthrax on the news一very,very low._________(13) A:family B: other C:another D:community
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共用题干InterviewThe importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are reflected in several books that have been written on the topic .Most of these books,as well as sev-eral chapters,mainly in,but not limited to,journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts,stress the"how to"aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview,its context,and,implications. Much of the"how to"material is based on personal experiences and general impressions.As we know,in journalism as in other fields,much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice.Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is,as has been suggested,a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting,but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview it-self. On the other hand,many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written.Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Un-happily,this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons .First,it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar,at least in a positive manner,with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clini- cal interview,such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists.In these situations the pro-fessional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help .Another familiar situation is the job interview.However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media,particularly by televi-sion .And yet,we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers,listeners,and viewers.Even so,true understanding of the journalistic interview,es- pecially television interview,requires thoughtful analysis and even study,as this book indicates. We should pay attention to the interview in a clinical interview.A: RightB:WrongC: Not mentioned
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共用题干Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune(免疫的)defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗)trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a viruswhich has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学)have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the body's immune cells.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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共用题干Migrant WorkersIn the past twenty years,there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.______(51)some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people,others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.This is particularly the case in the Middle East,______(52)increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to______(53)outsiders to improve local facilities.______(54)the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe.It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,______(55)South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East,it is not______(56)that the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians can earn at least______(57) money in the Middle East as they can in their own country,and this is a major attraction.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage.______(58),the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other______(59)safety and comfort.______(60),many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly______(61)the lack of entertainment facilities.The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions______(62)problems rather than do routine、work in their home country.One major problem which______(63)migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jots are tem-porary ones.They are nearly always on contract,so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great conn-dence.This is to be expected、 since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents?______(64),migrant workers accept this disadvantage,along with others,because of the ______(65)financial benefits which they receive.57._________A:twice as much B:twice as many C:as much as twice D:as many as twice
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共用题干Food Safety and Foodborne illnessFood safety is an increasingly important public health issue.Governments all over the world are intensifying their efforts to_______(51)food safety.These efforts are in response to an increasing number of food safety problems and__________(52)consumer concerns.Foodborne illnesses are defined as diseases , usually either infectious or toxic(有毒的)in nature,caused by agents that__________(53)the body through the ingestion(摄取)of food. Every person is__________(54) risk of foodborne illnesses.Foodborne diseases are a widespread and growing public health__________(55),both in developed and developing countries.The global incidence of foodborne diseases is difficult to___________(56),but it has been reported that in 2005 alone 8 million people died from diarrhoeal(腹泻)diseases. A great proportion of these _________ ( 57 ) can be attributed to contamination(污染)of food and drinking water. Additionally, diarrhoea is a _________( 58 ) cause of malnutrition(营养不良)in infants and young children.In industrialized countries,the percentage of the population suffering from foodborne diseases each year has been__________(59)to be 10 up to 30%.In the United States of America,for example,around 76 million cases of foodborne diseases,resulting_(60)325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths,are estimated to occur each year._________( 61 ) less well documented , developing countries bear the brunt(首当其冲)of the problem due to the presence of a wide_________(62)of foodborne diseases,including those caused by parasites (寄生虫).The high prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases in many developing countries suggests major ________(63)food safety problems.In partnership with other stakeholders,WHO is developing___________(64)that will further promote the safety of food.These policies___________(65)the entire food chain from production to consumption and willmake use of different types of expertise(专长)._________(59)A:imaginedB:acknowledgedC:consideredD:reported
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共用题干第二篇Medical EducationIn 18th-century colonial America,those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London,Paris, and Edinburgh.Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania,beginning in 1765,and in 1767 at King's College(now Columbia University),the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine.Following the American Revolution,the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of King's College)was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809,which survives as a division of Columbia University.In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospita'.The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of earning went together with the development of proprietary(私营的)schools of medicine run for personal profit,most of which had low standards and poor facilities.In 1910 Abraham Rexner,the American education reformer,wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada,exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently,the American Medical Association(AMA)and the Association of American Medical Coleges(AAMC) laid down standards for course content,qualifications of teachers,laboratory facilities,connection with teaching hospitals,and licensing of medical practitioners(开业医师)that survive to this day.By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 142 4-year medical colleges recognized by the Liaison(联络)Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. a degree ; during the 1987-88 academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated.Graduates,after a year of internship(实习期),receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the Nafional Board of Medical Examiners. In l8th-century America,higher institutions of learning that taught medicineA:did not exist.B:were few in number.C:were better than those in Europe.D:were known for thei:teaching hospitals.
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共用题干ExerciseWhether or not exercise adds to the length of life,it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise_______(51)health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore,exercise________(52)involves play and recreation(娱乐),and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so__________(53),is not only pleasant but beneficial.How much and what kind of exercise one should_________(54)merits careful consideration.The grow- ing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill(兴奋) with strenuous(剧烈的)sports. Theyfatigue to the__________(55)of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest.But not so with thoseof middle age and beyond. For them moderation is_________(56)vital importance.Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question hard to__________(57).In- dividual variability is too great to permit generalization.A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one per- son of forty but folly(愚蠢)for another. The safe_________(58)for exercise depends on the condition of the heart,the condition of the muscles,the_________(59)of exercise,and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions,however,will__________(60)as sound advice for anyone.The first is thatthe___________(61)of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful,thorough physical examinations. The other is that exercise should be kept__________(62)the point of physical exhaustion.What type of exercise one should___________( 63)depends upon one's physical condition.Young people can safely enjoy competitive sports,but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous ___________(64).Walking,swimming and skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely ___________(65)in throughout life.Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise._________(51)A:damagesB:enjoysC:providesD:improves
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共用题干第三篇According to the most recent research on parenting,caretakers tend to use three strategies for disciplining children.Power includes the use of physical punishment such as spanking or the threat of physical punishment,but parents can also demonstrate power by taking away a privilege such as using the car, attending a sporting event,or in the case of a very young child,playing with a favorite toy.In spite of the fact that power strategies,especially severe physical punishment,can cause children to fear or even hate parents,it's surprising that power remains the strategy used most often in disciplining children. It's also worth noting that children who are harshly disciplined in this way tend to be hostile, defiant,and aggressive socially.Second in popularity after power is the withholding of affection.This can take the form of refusal to communicate with a child,threatening to abandon or reject the child,or otherwise treating children as though they were unworthy of love.Interesting enough,children disciplined in this way appear on the surface to be very self-disciplined,even model children who are seldom in trouble,but underneath,these same children are generally very nervous,insecure and dependent others to approve of and guide their evaluation of behavior.Finally,management techniques are employed for discipline.These begin with a set of rules that are clearly expressed at an age-appropriate level. To enforce the rules,parents use a combination of praise and approval with explanation and reasoning,always referring back to the rules.But regardless of the strategy,the behavior that has precipitated punishment should be clearly understood,and the consequences should be consistent. Key to any kind of discipline is a pattern of consistency so that children understand the relationship between the rules,their behavior,and the consequences.Which is the best title for the passage?A:Parent-Child Relationship.B:Strategies to Discipline Children.C:Children's Psychology.D:How to be a Good Parent.
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共用题干Migrant WorkersIn the past twenty years,there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.______(51)some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people,others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.This is particularly the case in the Middle East,______(52)increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to______(53)outsiders to improve local facilities.______(54)the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe.It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,______(55)South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East,it is not______(56)that the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians can earn at least______(57) money in the Middle East as they can in their own country,and this is a major attraction.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage.______(58),the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other______(59)safety and comfort.______(60),many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly______(61)the lack of entertainment facilities.The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions______(62)problems rather than do routine、work in their home country.One major problem which______(63)migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jots are tem-porary ones.They are nearly always on contract,so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great conn-dence.This is to be expected、 since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents?______(64),migrant workers accept this disadvantage,along with others,because of the ______(65)financial benefits which they receive.62._________A:in B:about C:for D:to
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共用题干第三篇Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly DiabeticsMost old people with so-called type Ⅱ diabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week,according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday.Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet's Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body's ability to utilise insulin by 30 percent,the newspaper reported.This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today,it said.Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type Ⅱ,all more than 60 years of age,exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months.After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects'muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked.Associate Professor Dr. Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilisation as the healthy non-exercising persons."This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups.Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes,but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms.At the same time it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment,"Dela was quoted as saying.Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas,controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes.Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up a sweat,but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise.Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise,Dela added.Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin by___________.A:70 percentB:30 percentC:60 percentD:only a few percent
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共用题干第三篇Sprained(扭伤)AnkleOne of the most common injuries teenagers and adults experience is a sprained ankle.A sprain occurs when the ligaments(韧带)of a joint are twisted(扭伤)and possibly torn. Ligaments are bands of fibers that hold the bones of a joint in position.A sprain can occur from a sudden twisting at the joint,or a stretching or tearing of the fibers of the ligaments. The injured area usually swells(肿胀)and becomes black and blue. Stepping off the sidewalk at the wrong angle or having one foot land in a hole while walking or running can leave you rolling on the ground in pain with an ankle on fire!If you cannot walk without experiencing intense pain,you must seek medical help.If the pain is manageable,and you can walk,here are three words to help you remember how to treat yourself:● Elevate(抬高)●Cool● Bandage(打绷带)As soon as there is injury to that ligament,there will be a certain amount of bleeding under the skin. Once the blood poois around the damaged blood vessels,swelling occurs.The pressure from the swelling results in additional stress and tenderness to the region.In order to reduce the degree of swelling,lie down as soon as possible and keep the ankle elevated so that it is actually higher than your heart. Next,to reduce blood distribution and keep bleeding(流血)to a minimum , apply a cold pack. After 20 minutes , take thepack off,wait half an hour,and then reapply.This can be done several times a day for a total of three days.Never leave a cold pack on for more than 20 minutes at a time.Reducing the temperature in that area for an extended period of time signals the body to increase blood flow to raise the body temperature!Therefore, one accidentally triggers(引起)more blood distribution to the affected area by leaving a cold pack on for too long!Finally,bandage the ankle.Be careful not to wind it too tightly;doing so can restrict blood flow and cause harm to the entire foot. The black-and-blue symptom of a sprain is due to_________.A:bleeding under the skinB:a tight bandageC:applying a cold packD:pressing one's ankle
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共用题干What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?When you eat,your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel.______(46)Your body uses glucose for energy,so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game.But glucose can't be used by the body on its own-it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body.Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas,a large organ near the stomach?The pancreas makes insulin;insulin brings glucose into the cells;and the body gets the energy it needs.When a person has insulin一dependent diabetes,it's because the pancreas is not making insulin.So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs,but without insulin,there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy.______(47)You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes,maybe people of your grandparents'age.Usually,this is a different kind of diabetes called non一insulin一dependent diabetes.It can also be called Type 2 diabetes,or adult-onset diabetes.______(48) When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile(insulin-dependent)diabetes,he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life.It won't ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness.______(49)Many scientists believe that along with having certain genes,something else outside the person's body, like a viral infection,is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.But the person must have the gene(or genes)for diabetes to start' out with一this means you can't get diabetes just from catching a flu,virus,or cold.And this type of diabetes isn't caused by eating too many sugary foods,either.Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person's body-sometimes months or years?Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious.______(50)______(49)A:Genes are something that you inherit from your parents,and they are in your body even before you're born.B:This sugar-fuel is called glucose?C:It may be possible to beat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes.D:You can't catch diabetes from people who have it,no matter how close you sit to them or if you kiss them.E:The glucose can't get into the cells of the body without insulin.F:When a person has this kind of diabetes,the pancreas usually can still make insulin,but the person's body needs more than the pancreas can make?
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变更受益人应满足的条件()。A、在保险合同有效期内B、申请时被保险人生存,且未发生保险事故C、退保
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