共用题干Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a viruswhich has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus
which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus
which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.
FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
参考解析
解析：阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。
【解析】
题干意为“FDA已经批准了用HIV来治疗人所患的癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词FDA, plan, humans作为定位线索，在短文中查找到相关句：A team at the Cali-fornia-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗) trials this year．该句意为“一个研究小组已经就今年进行临床基因疗法实验问题同FDA进行了谈判”,“进行了谈判”并不等于“已经获得批准”，因此题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“使用HIV使之受益于人们的想法已经得到了普遍的接受”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语idea, HIV和beneficial purpose作为定位线索，这样在短文中查找到相关句：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two dec-ades.Verma said that the idea of.using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes re- moved．划线句提到“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病 毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HIV强烈的致病性”，所以接着注意划线句所在的上下文，上文中提到这个计划很可能会引起争议，因为它涉及到使用一种在过去20年中造成 2200万人死亡的病毒，从这个句意来看，显然料体句中的“The plan”，也就是划线句中的“对 HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法”，既然这种想法引发争论，当然也就不可能被普遍接受了，所以题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“只有当致命的基因被去除后HIV才能被安全地用来治疗癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语HIV, the deadly genes作为定位线索，在短文中找到相关句： Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared (“HIV强烈的致命性已经消失”对应另一线索词safely) by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed．该句意为“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HTV强烈的致命性”，显然这与题干叙述的意思一致。
题干意为“HIV病毒是战胜身体免疫细胞的最佳战士”。利用题干中的细节信息短语an excellent warrior和the body's immune cells作为定位线索，这样在文章中找到相应的结构immune defenses，并因此找到相关句：The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies．这个句子意为“HIV病毒有能力避开保护我们身体的免疫防御细胞，然后再消灭它们”，根据这个内容判断题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
题干意为“其他国家也期望不久以后能开始临床基因疗法的试验”。一般来说，如果题干在把一个事物和其余事物做比较（than...other)，则该题干陈述的信息往往是杜撰的，是短文中实际未提及的信息，或者题干在大范围的谈及其他事物的情况（other)，这往往也是杜撰出的信息。利用题干中的细节信息短语。ther countries , clinical gene therapy trials 作为定位线索，结果发现文章中根本没有提到other countries和其他国家的国名，所以判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
题干意为“缺少资金阻碍了使用替代基因来治疗癌症的研究进程”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语progress, lack of money和replacement genes作为定位线索，这样发 现相关句：Unfortunately, the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modi- fied genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier．句子中只出现了与其中一个核心结构相关的内容（划线结构），该结构意为“缺少合适的基因载体使这个领域中的工作停滞不前”，现在解题的关键就是确认“这个领域”与题干中的using replacement genes to cure cancer 是否相关，所以关注上下文：上文In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学） have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes（与replacement genes呼应）that do not function normally．提到“在过去两年里，遗传学上的研究突破使研究基因疗法的科学家们尝试替换掉那些不能正常工作的基因”，因此判断划线句中的the field就是指“使用替代基因”，因此判断题干陈述的信息不正确：原文提到阻碍研究进程的原因是“没有合适的基因载体”，而不是“缺少资金”。
题干意为“HIV病毒已经在发达国家造成了更多的死亡”。利用题干中出现的细节信息短语HIV virus, more deaths和developed countries作为定位线索，这样发现文 章中只在第3段提到了死亡：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it in-volves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades．但该句中并没有提到具体什么国家，也没有the developed countries 这样的字眼，所以判断短文中根本没有提到发达国家的死亡情况，因此题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
【解析】
题干意为“FDA已经批准了用HIV来治疗人所患的癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词FDA, plan, humans作为定位线索，在短文中查找到相关句：A team at the Cali-fornia-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗) trials this year．该句意为“一个研究小组已经就今年进行临床基因疗法实验问题同FDA进行了谈判”,“进行了谈判”并不等于“已经获得批准”，因此题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“使用HIV使之受益于人们的想法已经得到了普遍的接受”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语idea, HIV和beneficial purpose作为定位线索，这样在短文中查找到相关句：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two dec-ades.Verma said that the idea of.using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes re- moved．划线句提到“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病 毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HIV强烈的致病性”，所以接着注意划线句所在的上下文，上文中提到这个计划很可能会引起争议，因为它涉及到使用一种在过去20年中造成 2200万人死亡的病毒，从这个句意来看，显然料体句中的“The plan”，也就是划线句中的“对 HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法”，既然这种想法引发争论，当然也就不可能被普遍接受了，所以题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“只有当致命的基因被去除后HIV才能被安全地用来治疗癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语HIV, the deadly genes作为定位线索，在短文中找到相关句： Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared (“HIV强烈的致命性已经消失”对应另一线索词safely) by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed．该句意为“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HTV强烈的致命性”，显然这与题干叙述的意思一致。
题干意为“HIV病毒是战胜身体免疫细胞的最佳战士”。利用题干中的细节信息短语an excellent warrior和the body's immune cells作为定位线索，这样在文章中找到相应的结构immune defenses，并因此找到相关句：The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies．这个句子意为“HIV病毒有能力避开保护我们身体的免疫防御细胞，然后再消灭它们”，根据这个内容判断题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
题干意为“其他国家也期望不久以后能开始临床基因疗法的试验”。一般来说，如果题干在把一个事物和其余事物做比较（than...other)，则该题干陈述的信息往往是杜撰的，是短文中实际未提及的信息，或者题干在大范围的谈及其他事物的情况（other)，这往往也是杜撰出的信息。利用题干中的细节信息短语。ther countries , clinical gene therapy trials 作为定位线索，结果发现文章中根本没有提到other countries和其他国家的国名，所以判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
题干意为“缺少资金阻碍了使用替代基因来治疗癌症的研究进程”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语progress, lack of money和replacement genes作为定位线索，这样发 现相关句：Unfortunately, the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modi- fied genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier．句子中只出现了与其中一个核心结构相关的内容（划线结构），该结构意为“缺少合适的基因载体使这个领域中的工作停滞不前”，现在解题的关键就是确认“这个领域”与题干中的using replacement genes to cure cancer 是否相关，所以关注上下文：上文In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学） have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes（与replacement genes呼应）that do not function normally．提到“在过去两年里，遗传学上的研究突破使研究基因疗法的科学家们尝试替换掉那些不能正常工作的基因”，因此判断划线句中的the field就是指“使用替代基因”，因此判断题干陈述的信息不正确：原文提到阻碍研究进程的原因是“没有合适的基因载体”，而不是“缺少资金”。
题干意为“HIV病毒已经在发达国家造成了更多的死亡”。利用题干中出现的细节信息短语HIV virus, more deaths和developed countries作为定位线索，这样发现文 章中只在第3段提到了死亡：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it in-volves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades．但该句中并没有提到具体什么国家，也没有the developed countries 这样的字眼，所以判断短文中根本没有提到发达国家的死亡情况，因此题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
相关考题：
(3~4题共用题干)男性，40岁，静脉毒瘾患者，近期发热、肌痛、淋巴结肿大，外周血常规检查单核细胞增多，疑为HIV感染。初步诊断试验可用的方法是A．病毒分离培养B．ELISA检测HIV抗体C．ELISA检测HIV抗原D．间接免疫荧光法检测HIV抗原E．放射免疫沉淀法检测HIV抗原
(13~14题共用题干)患者，男性，40岁，静脉毒瘾患者。近期发热、肌痛、淋巴结肿大，血常规示单核细胞增多，疑拟HIV感染。初筛试验可用A．病毒分离培养B．ELISA检测HIV抗体C．ELISA检测HIV抗原D．间接免疫荧光检测HIV抗原E．放射免疫沉淀检测HIV抗原
An antivirus program (1) a virus by searching code recognized as that of one of the thousands of viruses known to afflict computer systems. An antivirus Program also can be used to create a checksum for (2) files on your disk, save the checksums in a special file, and then use the checksums to (3) whether files have been modified perhaps by a new virus. Special terminate and stay resident (TSR) programs can check for unusual (4) to access vital disk areas and system f11es, and check files you copy into memory to be sure they are not (5) .A．declaresB．deductsC．defeatsD．detects
下列关于人类免疫缺陷病毒的特点不正确的是A.分为HIV－1和HIV－2B.HIV属于反转录病毒S 下列关于人类免疫缺陷病毒的特点不正确的是A.分为HIV-1和HIV-2B.HIV属于反转录病毒C.为RNA病毒D.产生抗体多为中和抗体E.主要感染CD4+T淋巴细胞
Tracking Down HIV In the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removedfrom below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rarefm of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling exhaustion.In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who haddiseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doct had a T-cell counttaken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that playsa key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells. By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infectionsrelated to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death tollwas 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnmalities. People who hadreceived blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS), had been repted; 184 people had died. In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated thepathogen, disease producer, responsible f2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. InParis, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An internationalpanel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. Itbecame known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screeningf HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected throughblood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV throughblood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died. In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infectedpeople. Today scientists are testing vaccines believe that if HIV can besuppressed, then perhaps it can be eradicated3, but it is still a race againsttime. 词汇： spot n. 地点，斑点，斑块，青春痘 lymph n. 淋巴结 sarcoma n. 肿瘤，肉瘤，恶性毒瘤 exhaustion n. 衰竭，耗尽，精疲力竭 immunologist n. 免疫学家 malfunction n. 故障，失灵，疾病 count n. 计数，计算 infection n. 传染病，感染 breakdown n. 故障，衰弱，崩溃 toll n. 代价，死亡人数 intravenous drug n. 静脉注射药物 abnmalities n. (abnmality的复数形式)畸形，异常情况 blood transfusion n. 输血 symptom n. 症状 virologist n. 病毒学家 virus n. 病毒 panel n. 座谈小组，仪表板 hemophiliac n. 血友病患者 vaccine n. 疫苗 注释： 1.play a key role...扮演一个关键角色，有至关重要的作用 2.be responsible f...对……负责，是……的原因 3.can be eradicated可以被根除的 练习：3.The final paragraph leads the reader to see that scientists ____. A have no hope in ever finding a cure fHIV B have hope that a cure f HIV will befound C have run out of time to find a cure fHIV D are in a contest against each other tofind a cure f HIV
共用题干Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a viruswhich has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a viruswhich has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement genes to cure cancer.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Ebola Outbreak1. You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak.Eb-ola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection.Scientists believe that humans contracted the vi-rus by eating the meat of rare animals.It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus。2. To date,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone,Liberia and Guinea. However,other countries such as Nigeria have reported con-firmed cases of Ebola within their borders.3. Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries you risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero.Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS,the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person.Specifically,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids .Though the virus is transmittable,only an infected person exhib-iting symptoms is communicable.4. The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus.Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection.Symptoms include disgust,weakness and stomach pain.More uncommon symptoms include chest pain,bleeding and sore throat.5.Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the body's inflammatory response,causing the flu-like symp- toms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism（凝血机制）,making bleeding even more severe .Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion（器官灌注）ultimately lead to organ failure and death.6. The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years.While diseases such as the malaria（疟疾）are far more communicable,Ebola is one of the world's most fatal viral infec- tions .Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS. The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies inA:.infected body fluidsB: against the outbreak severityC: the mode of transmissionD: the initial days of being infectedE:.three countries in West AfricaF: within a wide range of days
共用题干Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a viruswhich has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a viruswhich has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the body's immune cells.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a viruswhich has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a viruswhich has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,andYet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature，”says Hammond.Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.What is Belcher's team doing at present?A: It is finding ways to get rid of viruses.B: It is mass-producing micro-batteries.C: It is making batteries with viruses.D: It is analyzing virus genes.
共用题干Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,andYet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature，”says Hammond.Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.According to the first paragraph,people try toA: kill microorganisms related to chicken pox,the flu,etcB: keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisibleC: stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseasesD: cure themselves of virus-related diseases by taking medicines
共用题干第一篇New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS VirusA high-profile attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise.But researchers won't know for a year or more whether it will work,scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference on Viruses and Infections."This is a study that's in progress,"says Ho,head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York.The study involves 20 people who started combinations of anti-HIV drugs very early in the course of the disease,within 90 days of their infections.They'ye been treated for up to 18 months.Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system.The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the blood of all remaining patients.And,in the latest development,scientists have now tested lymph nodes and semen from a few patients and found no virus reproducing there,Ho says."Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent,"Ho says.Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining viruses一at least from known reservoirs throughout the body—in two to three years.But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back.On Wednesday,Ho said he wouldn't ask any patient to consider that step before 2(1/2)years of treatment.And he emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early,aggressive treatment outside of trials.No one knows the long-term risks.But other scientists are looking at similar experiments.A federally funded study will put 300 patients on triple-drug treatments and then see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress the virus on just one or two drugs,says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California,San Diego. Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after 1 8 months or more,he says. We prove that the drugs have wiped out the remaining viruses by________.A:using up all the drugs at onceB:waiting for the virus to die slowlyC:asking the patients'feeling about the diseaseD:stopping the drugs to see if the virus comes back
共用题干AIDSThe World Health Organization(WHO)says as many as 10 million persons worldwidemay have the virus that causes AIDS（艾滋病）.Experts believe about 350, 000 personshave the disease.And one million more may get it in the next five years. In the UnitedStates,about 50,000 persons have died with AIDS.The country's top medical official says more than 90 percent of all Americans who had the AIDS virus five years ago are dead.There is no cure for AIDS and no vaccine（疫苗）or medicine to prevent it. However, researchers know much more about AIDS than they did」ust a few years ago.We now know that AIDS is caused by a virus.The virus invades healthy cells,including white blood cellsthat are part of our defense system against disease.It takes control of the healthy cell's genetic material and forces the cell to make a copy of the virus.The cell then dies.And the virus-caused particles move on to invade and kill more healthy cells.The AIDS virus is carried in a person's body fluids.The virus can be passed sexually or by sharing instruments used to take intravenous（进入静脉的）drugs. It also can be passed in blood products or from a pregnant woman with AIDS to her developing baby.Many stories about the spread of AIDS are false.You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease.You cannot get it by touching drinking glasses or other objects used by such persons.Experts say no one has gotten AIDS by living with,caring for or touching an AIDS patient. According to the WHO,there are now 10 million AIDS patients in the world.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干第一篇New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS VirusA high-profile attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise.But researchers won't know for a year or more whether it will work,scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference on Viruses and Infections."This is a study that's in progress,"says Ho,head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York.The study involves 20 people who started combinations of anti-HIV drugs very early in the course of the disease,within 90 days of their infections.They'ye been treated for up to 18 months.Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system.The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the blood of all remaining patients.And,in the latest development,scientists have now tested lymph nodes and semen from a few patients and found no virus reproducing there,Ho says."Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent,"Ho says.Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining viruses一at least from known reservoirs throughout the body—in two to three years.But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back.On Wednesday,Ho said he wouldn't ask any patient to consider that step before 2(1/2)years of treatment.And he emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early,aggressive treatment outside of trials.No one knows the long-term risks.But other scientists are looking at similar experiments.A federally funded study will put 300 patients on triple-drug treatments and then see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress the virus on just one or two drugs,says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California,San Diego. Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after 1 8 months or more,he says. The words"Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent" by Ho's means_________.A:AIDS virus can be undetectable in the bloodB:AIDS virus is undetectable in the bloodC:no AIDS virus can be detected in the bloodD:no virus found in the blood means no AIDS
共用题干AIDSThe World Health Organization(WHO)says as many as 10 million persons worldwidemay have the virus that causes AIDS（艾滋病）.Experts believe about 350, 000 personshave the disease.And one million more may get it in the next five years. In the UnitedStates,about 50,000 persons have died with AIDS.The country's top medical official says more than 90 percent of all Americans who had the AIDS virus five years ago are dead.There is no cure for AIDS and no vaccine（疫苗）or medicine to prevent it. However, researchers know much more about AIDS than they did」ust a few years ago.We now know that AIDS is caused by a virus.The virus invades healthy cells,including white blood cellsthat are part of our defense system against disease.It takes control of the healthy cell's genetic material and forces the cell to make a copy of the virus.The cell then dies.And the virus-caused particles move on to invade and kill more healthy cells.The AIDS virus is carried in a person's body fluids.The virus can be passed sexually or by sharing instruments used to take intravenous（进入静脉的）drugs. It also can be passed in blood products or from a pregnant woman with AIDS to her developing baby.Many stories about the spread of AIDS are false.You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease.You cannot get it by touching drinking glasses or other objects used by such persons.Experts say no one has gotten AIDS by living with,caring for or touching an AIDS patient. AIDS patients today cannot be cured yet.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干AIDSThe World Health Organization(WHO)says as many as 10 million persons worldwidemay have the virus that causes AIDS（艾滋病）.Experts believe about 350, 000 personshave the disease.And one million more may get it in the next five years. In the UnitedStates,about 50,000 persons have died with AIDS.The country's top medical official says more than 90 percent of all Americans who had the AIDS virus five years ago are dead.There is no cure for AIDS and no vaccine（疫苗）or medicine to prevent it. However, researchers know much more about AIDS than they did」ust a few years ago.We now know that AIDS is caused by a virus.The virus invades healthy cells,including white blood cellsthat are part of our defense system against disease.It takes control of the healthy cell's genetic material and forces the cell to make a copy of the virus.The cell then dies.And the virus-caused particles move on to invade and kill more healthy cells.The AIDS virus is carried in a person's body fluids.The virus can be passed sexually or by sharing instruments used to take intravenous（进入静脉的）drugs. It also can be passed in blood products or from a pregnant woman with AIDS to her developing baby.Many stories about the spread of AIDS are false.You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease.You cannot get it by touching drinking glasses or other objects used by such persons.Experts say no one has gotten AIDS by living with,caring for or touching an AIDS patient. A.pregnant woman with AIDS cannot pass the virus to her developing baby.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干AIDSThe World Health Organization(WHO)says as many as 10 million persons worldwidemay have the virus that causes AIDS（艾滋病）.Experts believe about 350, 000 personshave the disease.And one million more may get it in the next five years. In the UnitedStates,about 50,000 persons have died with AIDS.The country's top medical official says more than 90 percent of all Americans who had the AIDS virus five years ago are dead.There is no cure for AIDS and no vaccine（疫苗）or medicine to prevent it. However, researchers know much more about AIDS than they did」ust a few years ago.We now know that AIDS is caused by a virus.The virus invades healthy cells,including white blood cellsthat are part of our defense system against disease.It takes control of the healthy cell's genetic material and forces the cell to make a copy of the virus.The cell then dies.And the virus-caused particles move on to invade and kill more healthy cells.The AIDS virus is carried in a person's body fluids.The virus can be passed sexually or by sharing instruments used to take intravenous（进入静脉的）drugs. It also can be passed in blood products or from a pregnant woman with AIDS to her developing baby.Many stories about the spread of AIDS are false.You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease.You cannot get it by touching drinking glasses or other objects used by such persons.Experts say no one has gotten AIDS by living with,caring for or touching an AIDS patient. It is unlikely that the AIDS virus wil}be passed through handshaking.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干第一篇New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS VirusA high-profile attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise.But researchers won't know for a year or more whether it will work,scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference on Viruses and Infections."This is a study that's in progress,"says Ho,head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York.The study involves 20 people who started combinations of anti-HIV drugs very early in the course of the disease,within 90 days of their infections.They'ye been treated for up to 18 months.Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system.The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the blood of all remaining patients.And,in the latest development,scientists have now tested lymph nodes and semen from a few patients and found no virus reproducing there,Ho says."Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent,"Ho says.Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining viruses一at least from known reservoirs throughout the body—in two to three years.But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back.On Wednesday,Ho said he wouldn't ask any patient to consider that step before 2(1/2)years of treatment.And he emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early,aggressive treatment outside of trials.No one knows the long-term risks.But other scientists are looking at similar experiments.A federally funded study will put 300 patients on triple-drug treatments and then see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress the virus on just one or two drugs,says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California,San Diego. Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after 1 8 months or more,he says. Which is NOT true about Ho's study?A:20 patients were involved in the study.B:The patients have used several anti-HIV drugs.C:16 patients withdrew from the experiment.D:The patients have been treated for up to 1 8months.
An advantage of a corporate centrally-managed anti-virus solution over a standalone anti-virus program is a corporate anti-virus solution:（）A、is more secure than a standalone anti-virus program.B、can push out anti-virus updates from a local, centralized location.C、catches more viruses than the standalone anti-virus program.D、catches more spyware and malware than a standalone anti-virus program.
单选题Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?AThe Spread of HIV—Will We Ever Cure AIDS?BThe Worse Situation of AIDS—Will AIDS Ruin the Human Race?CThe Statistics of AIDS—Will AIDS Spread around the World?DThe Potential of HIV—Will Asia Become the Core of AIDS?
问答题Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in as few words as possible (not more than 10 words). Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage. Many people today are worried about bird flu. They are afraid that it will pass from birds to humans and that thousands of people will die in a pandemic. In 1918 a flu virus killed about 50 million people around the world. The virus was called Spanish influenza (or Spanish flu, for short) because Spanish newspapers first described the disease. Now, after nine years of work, scientists in an American laboratory in Atlanta, Georgia, have produced a copy of the Spanish flu virus. They are also going to publish the genetic sequence of the virus on the Internet and some experts are afraid that other laboratories could copy the virus. Scientists have copied the virus because they want to understand why the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic killed so many people. In a report in the journal Science, Dr. Jeffery Taubenberger and a team of scientists in the USA show that the copied virus is extremely powerful. The scientists injected the virus into mice and the mice began to lose weight very quickly. They lost 13% of their weight in two days and all of the mice died within six days. “I didn’t expect it to be as lethal as it was,”Dr. Terrence Tumpey, one of the scientists in the team, told the journal Nature. In another experiment, they injected more mice with a normal type of flu. The mice lost weight at first but then they got better and did not die. The experiments showed that the mice with the Spanish flu virus had 39,000 times more flu virus in their bodies than the second group of mice. The scientists who copied the virus say their work has already provided important information about the virus and helps to explain why it is so lethal. But other experts are worried that the virus could escape from the laboratory. “Some people will think that they have really created a biological weapon,” said Professor Ronald Atlas of the University of Louisville in Kentucky. “I am even more worried now than I was before about the possibility of a flu pandemic. The 1918 flu pandemic started with bird flu and that might happen again today with Asian bird flu.” Some scientists are worried about the publication of the genetic sequence on the Internet. They are afraid that biologists could copy the virus using the information on the Internet. This could be very dangerous. It took a long time to copy the virus. Scientists used material taken from the lungs of people who died from the flu virus in 1918. In a second report in Nature, Taubenberger and his colleagues analyzed the genetic make-up of the virus. They were surprised to find that it was completely different from all the normal human flu viruses. This probably means that Spanish flu jumped from birds to humans and did not mix with a human virus first. This is very worrying for scientists because in the past everyone believed that a pandemic was only possible if a bird flu virus mixed with a human flu virus. Taubenberger says it is very important to know what changes in the virus caused the 1918 Spanish flu virus. This will help scientists to work out which viruses might cause a pandemic. The H5N1 bird flu in Asia is already changing and it could infect humans, he said. Viruses have escaped from high-security labs before. The SARS virus escaped at least twice, once in Taiwan and once in Singapore. But some scientists believe a pandemic will not happen even if the virus escapes, because most people are naturally immune and there are now a lot of drugs which protect people from flu. Questions: 1．When was the Spanish flu pandemic? 2．How many people died in the Spanish flu pandemic? 3．Where did the scientists produce a copy of the Spanish flu virus? 4．How quickly did the laboratory mice die? 5．What is H5N1?
单选题Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to what was said?AThe number of Americans who die from AIDS each year has dropped dramatically.B40, 000 Americans are diagnosed as HIV carriers each year.CNearly a third of the 850,000 to 950,000 U.S residents living with HIV/AIDS are aware they carry the virus.DFrom 1981 to 2001, nearly one-third of all HIV infections are drug users and their sex partners.