The brain’s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I （）， which is specific to human beings.
The brain’s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I （）， which is specific to human beings.
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Few of the students understand why language is _______ to human beings. A、awareB、uniqueC、absoluteD、continual
Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
Animals other than humans have not developed communications comparable to human language. But is it possible that other animals have the capacity to learn a language if they are adequately taught? Obviously, this is a fascination notion. The idea of communicating directly with another species has long been a part of human folklore and children’s fantasies. But on a scientific level, the question of whether animals can learn a language is important primarily because it relates to the controversy()between the cognitive and the learning approaches to language. If language is dependent on and is actually an outgrowth of the intellectual structure of the human mind, there is the strong supposition that only humans are capable of using language. Therefore, Noam Chomsky and other psycholinguists have argued that only humans can learn a language, while most behaviorists feel that with sufficient patience it should be possible to teach an animal some sort of language. Although the two schools of thought clearly differ on this point, it is not really a crucial test of the two theories. If a chimpanzee can master a simple language all it would mean is that the chimp’s intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to ours than we thought. It would not necessarily imply that our intellectual structure is unimportant in our own mastery of language. Thus, teaching an animal language is an impressive demonstration of the power of learning techniques, but it is not evidence that language is developed entirely through learning.On the other hand, the question of whether other animals can learn a language is fascination in its own right, aside from its value as a test of the two theories of language development. Accordingly, whatever one’s position on the theoretical dispute, we must consider training an animal to use language a dramatic accomplishment.36.Which of the following statements is the view of psycholinguists?A. The cognitive view of language learning says that only human beings can learn language because it is an outgrowth of the structure of the human mind.B. Other animals simply could master a language.C. The animals intellectual capacity is much better than human beings.D. Language is developed by learning.37.The behaviorists’ view is that __________.A. language is actually an outgrowth of intellectual structure of the animal’s mindB. animals have not developed communications systemC. given enough patience, a man should be able to teach an animal some sort of languageD. only human beings can learn language38.That an animal can master a simple language means that __________.A. human’s intellectual structure is not importantB. animals’ intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to the humans’C. the learning techniques are much more importantD. language is developed completely by learning39.The main idea of paragraph two is ___________.A. teaching a chimp language is not crucial test of the two theoriesB. their brain structure is not similar to humanC. using various methods to let the chimp master a languageD. training a nonhuman to use language is an amazing accomplishment40.The best title for this passage would be _________.A. Animals’ languageB. Human’s languageC. Teaching Animals’ LanguageD. Can Other Animals Acquire Language?
The language used to talk about language is called .A、special languageB、local languageC、metalanguageD、human language
Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.DualityD.Diachronicity
Classroom language can also be called in-class language, which is the specially used language system by both teachers and students in classroom teaching. Which of the following is not consisted in it?A．Spoken language.B．Body language.C．Spelling language.D．Written language.
Classroom language can also be called in-class language, which is the specially used language system by both teachers and students in classroom teaching. Which of the following is not consisted in it?A.spoken languageB.body languageC.spelling languageD.written language
A variety of a language used recognizably in a specific region or by a specific social class is called__________.A．dialectB．registersC．creolesD．pidgins
共用题干The Bilingual BrainWhen Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt（干扰）the scanning.Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.Which aspect of the two language centers in the brain does Paragraph 3 discuss?A:Impact. B:Function.C:Location. D:Size.
共用题干The Bilingual Brain When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently,and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student,Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch,a neuroscientist in New York.______(46)They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language. The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.______(47)The other consisted of people who,like Kim, learned their second language later in life.People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner.This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loud because any movement would disrupt the scanning. Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca's area,which is believed to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language they were speaking. ______(48) People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both their first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.______(49)Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain. A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch'sound, and sight.______(50)______(46)A:But their use of Broca's area was different.B:One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.C:How does Hirsch explain this difference?D:We use special parts of the brain for language learning.E:And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.F:Their work led to an important discovery.
Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition （）.ALanguage acquisition is a process of habit formatioBLanguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsCChildren are born with an innate ability to acquire languageDHumans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use
Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of the ten billion nerve cells called（）.AneuronsBnerve systemCnervesDcerebral cortex
Grammar is a description of the（）of a language and the way in which linguistic units such as words and phrases are combined to produce sentences in the language.
The interactionalist’s position is that language develops as a result of the complex（）between the uniquely human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops.
Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition （）.A、Language acquisition is a process of habit formatioB、Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC、Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD、Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use
（）deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.A、Linguistic geographyB、LexicologyC、LexicographyD、Sociolinguistics
单选题Based on the information in the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate statement about Dubliners and Finnegan’s Wake?ADubliners contains one of the greatest short stories in the English language, and Finnegan’s Wake is the greatest story in the English language.BMany of the chief characters in Finnegan’s Wake were earlier introduced in Dubliners.CThe linguistic experimentation of Dubliners paved the way for the “night language” of Finnegan’s Wake.DDubliners is a longer book than Finnegan’s Wake.E Dubliners is a more accessible book than Finnegan’s Wake
填空题The interactionalist’s position is that language develops as a result of the complex（）between the uniquely human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops.
单选题Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition （）.ALanguage acquisition is a process of habit formatioBLanguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsCChildren are born with an innate ability to acquire languageDHumans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use
填空题Grammar is a description of the（）of a language and the way in which linguistic units such as words and phrases are combined to produce sentences in the language.
单选题Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of the ten billion nerve cells called（）.AneuronsBnerve systemCnervesDcerebral cortex
填空题The brain’s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I （）， which is specific to human beings.
单选题Why is a woman better at learning foreign languages than a man?AThe area of the left side of a woman’s brain for language learning develops better than that of a man’s.BThe right side of a woman’s brain for language develops better than that of a man’s.CThe area of the left side of a woman’s brain for feelings develops better than that of a man’s.DThe area of the right side of a woman’s brain fit for seeing in the dark develops better than that of a man’s.
单选题Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?（）AArbitrarinessBDisplacementCDualityDMeaningfulness
问答题when a human infant is born into any community in any part of theworld it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them 1．_______have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most 2．_______obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerfulcapacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing 3．_______the new born child can do to ensure his own survival. Without care from someother human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, achild is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in markedcontrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within 4．_______minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although younganimals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, 5．_______compared with the human infant they very quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. 6．_______ It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totallydependent on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all 7．_______other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,biologists now suggest that language be ‘species specific’ to the human race, 8．_______that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in 9．_______such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just 10．______as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in colour, and justas they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so theyare designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development aswell-formed human beings.
单选题From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind’s future 3 and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development. Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed. 16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.请在14处填上正确答案（）ArevealedBexposedCengagedDinvolved