第08讲：复合句状语从句一致 1 考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接 v考点归纳1. 状语从句的类型: 时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句2. 时间状语从句:连接词及固定搭配: when, while, as, since, after, before, until / till, once, each time, every time, any time, whenever, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, hardly / scarcely / barely / rarely when / before, no sooner than, just as, directly, immediately, instantly, shortly after, soon after, it wont be long before, by the time, its the first time that, its since, the first time, the last timeas soon as与hardly when等结构都能表示“一就”，但两者的时态不同；前者一般主从句均为一般时态，表示一般情形遵从主将从现原则；后者一般主句为过去完成时，从句为一般过去时，且在句首引起倒装特殊地，可用the minute, each time, the first time等名词或名词短语充当连接词引导时间状语从句，该类词称为边际从属连词3. 地点状语从句可由where, wherever引导，前者指特定地点，后者为无特定地点4. 原因状语从句:可由because, since, now that, as, in that引导，注意for, so, with + n. + 宾补结构现代英语中，because与for都可引导原因状语从句，且都能表示“直接理由”与“间接理由”，如It must be very late, for the streets are quite deserted. (间接理由)上句中的for实也可替换为because，只是在两者同时存在时，使用for语势较弱，更显出说话人的推断的不确定性，说明说话人的推断略显主观臆断在表述直接理由时，because, since, as从句位置既可在主句前，也可在句尾；而for则只能位于主句后；此外，because可回答why问句，because前可加入诸如simply的修饰语，because从句也可作为强调句的强调部分，这些场合下because不能替换为for；若because也表述的是间接理由，则其位置只能在主句后5. 条件状语从句的连接词及相关搭配: if, unless ( if not), on condition that, given that, as / so long as, suppose that, even if, even though, provided that, in case, lest, given that, considering that, since, now that等6. 目的状语从句可由that, in order that, so that, for the purpose that, in the hope that等作连接词或固定搭配，常与情态动词连用7. 结果状语从句:连接词及固定搭配: that, so that, such that, so that等such修饰名词，so修饰形容词或副词，such / so结构类似于what / how的固定结构；当such修饰可数名词单数时可将其与so结构互换；若such修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数时则无法互换当many, few, little, much表多少修饰名词时只能用so；若little不表多少，且修饰可数名词单数时只能用such8. 让步状语从句:although, though, as, while, even if, even though, however, whatever, no matter系列等2though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装(也可不倒装)，作用相当于as (必须倒装)，此时though不能与although替换；though与although都不能与but并存，却能与yet并存；as引导让步状语从句时，倒装形容词、副词及无冠词的名词；只存在even though，而无 *even although；though也可作连接性状语，而although不可，如He said he would come; he didnt, though.-ever系列与no matter系列的区别(见前)9. 比较状语从句可由than, as. as, not as/so.as, the more.the more引导10. 方式状语从句可由as, as if, as though引导 v考前巩固I.Combine the two sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once.(A)ifin order thateven thoughwhenevernotuntil1. I need strength and wisdom. I read the poem.2. She was acting normal. We had just had a fight.3. We will run the world differently. We truly realize the values of mistakes.4. He could meet people of his age. He joined the summer camp.5. He will stop the research on cancer. There is a cure.(B)asifsothatwhilealthough6. She decided to leave education and become an actress. She passed the college entrance exam.7. Its not easy to travel with a large group.Different people have different ideas.8. Youll need to make hotel reservations several months in advance.You go to Rome during peak seasons.9. The streets were flooded with water.It rained hard.10. Pink-loving people want to feel loved and protected.Those who prefer orange are often brave and fun-loving.(C)sincethe first timeso thatonceotherwise11. Teenagers hit 18. They began to view themselves as adults.12. I visited the West Lake.I was fascinated by its elegance and beauty.13. The earth is round.Why do we not fall off?14. I will have to ask you to leave.Switch off your mobile phone.15. It cant run away.Keep your dog on a leash.II. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 不亲自参与，你无法知道这种游戏带来的乐趣。(unless)2. 昨晚残疾人的演出非常成功，让观众们感动得留下了眼泪。(sothat)3. 但你难以与父母交流时会感到苦恼吗？(when)4. 我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。(once)5. 经历了多次严重自然灾害后，人们才逐渐意识到植树造林的重要性。(until)6. 不管遇到什么样的困难，我们都不要放弃自己的梦想。(Whatever)7. 如果你一收到消息就能给我答复的话，我将不胜感激。(the moment)8. 他们咨询了许多学生，然后才决定用已故总统的名字来命名新建的图书馆。(before)9. 尽管三令五申，学生依旧在课堂上开着手机，以至连老师也对此熟视无睹。(in spite of)310. 第一次尝试你可能不成功，但是记住: 只有通过努力你才能变得擅长某件事情。(bear)III. Combine the two sentences, using the words in brackets and making necessary changes.1. I finished reading the newspaper. Then John came home. (before)2. John was reading. Harry entered. (when)3. I graduated from high school. I have been studying at the university. (since)4. The criminal found a shelter. Very soon he was caught by the policemen. (No soonerthan)5. We were eating dinner. Our guests arrived. (while)IV. Correct errors, if any, in the following sentences.1. For I have never met him, I cant tell you what he looks like.2. The teacher is very strict with us, simply for he wants us to make rapid progress.3. Because all the shops have closed, it must be very late now.4. I was writing a letter while the telephone rang.5. Just when we left the house, it began to rain.6. The reason for the boy to behave like that is b

外语中的主句，小句，从句的定义是什么？

外语中的主句，小句，从句的定义是什么？

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