Software entities are more complex fortheir size than perhaps any other human construct, because no two parts arealike (at least above the statement level). If they are, we make the twosimilar parts into one, a（71 ）, open or closed. In this respect software systems differprofoundly from computers,buildings, or automobiles, where repeated elementsabound.Digital computers are themselves morecomplex than most things people build; they have very large numbers of states.This makes conceiving, describing, and testing them hard. Software systems haveorders of magnitude more （72 ）than computers do.Likewise, a scaling-up of a software entityis not merely a repetition of the same elements in larger size; it is necessarily an increase inthe number of different elements. In most cases, the elements interact witheach other in some（ 73 ）fashion,andthe complexity of the whole increases much more than linearly.The complexity of software is a(an)（74 ）property, notan accidental one. Hence descriptions of a software entity that abstract awayits complexity often abstract away its essence.Mathematics and the physicalsciences made great strides for three centuries by constructing simplifiedmodels of complex phenomena, deriving properties from the models, and verifyingthose properties experimentally. This worked because the complexities（75 ）in the modelswere not the essential properties of the phenomena. It does not work when thecomplexities are the essence.Many of the classical problems ofdeveloping software products derive from this essential complexity and its nonlinear increases withsize. Not only technical problems but management problems as well come from the complexity.A.statesB.partsC.conditionsD.expressions
Software entities are more complex for
their size than perhaps any other human construct, because no two parts are
alike (at least above the statement level). If they are, we make the two
similar parts into one, a（71 ）, open or closed. In this respect software systems differ
profoundly from computers,buildings, or automobiles, where repeated elements
abound.
Digital computers are themselves more
complex than most things people build; they have very large numbers of states.
This makes conceiving, describing, and testing them hard. Software systems have
orders of magnitude more （72 ）than computers do.
Likewise, a scaling-up of a software entity
is not merely a repetition of the same elements in larger size; it is necessarily an increase in
the number of different elements. In most cases, the elements interact with
each other in some（ 73 ）fashion,and
the complexity of the whole increases much more than linearly.
The complexity of software is a(an)（74 ）property, not
an accidental one. Hence descriptions of a software entity that abstract away
its complexity often abstract away its essence.Mathematics and the physical
sciences made great strides for three centuries by constructing simplified
models of complex phenomena, deriving properties from the models, and verifying
those properties experimentally. This worked because the complexities（75 ）in the models
were not the essential properties of the phenomena. It does not work when the
complexities are the essence.
Many of the classical problems of
developing software products derive from this essential complexity and its nonlinear increases with
size. Not only technical problems but management problems as well come from the complexity.
their size than perhaps any other human construct, because no two parts are
alike (at least above the statement level). If they are, we make the two
similar parts into one, a（71 ）, open or closed. In this respect software systems differ
profoundly from computers,buildings, or automobiles, where repeated elements
abound.
Digital computers are themselves more
complex than most things people build; they have very large numbers of states.
This makes conceiving, describing, and testing them hard. Software systems have
orders of magnitude more （72 ）than computers do.
Likewise, a scaling-up of a software entity
is not merely a repetition of the same elements in larger size; it is necessarily an increase in
the number of different elements. In most cases, the elements interact with
each other in some（ 73 ）fashion,and
the complexity of the whole increases much more than linearly.
The complexity of software is a(an)（74 ）property, not
an accidental one. Hence descriptions of a software entity that abstract away
its complexity often abstract away its essence.Mathematics and the physical
sciences made great strides for three centuries by constructing simplified
models of complex phenomena, deriving properties from the models, and verifying
those properties experimentally. This worked because the complexities（75 ）in the models
were not the essential properties of the phenomena. It does not work when the
complexities are the essence.
Many of the classical problems of
developing software products derive from this essential complexity and its nonlinear increases with
size. Not only technical problems but management problems as well come from the complexity.
A.states
B.parts
C.conditions
D.expressions
B.parts
C.conditions
D.expressions
参考解析
解析：
相关考题：
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Software entities are more complex for their size than perhaps any other human construct, because no two parts are alike (at least above the statement level). If they are, we make the two similar parts into one, a （ ）, open or closed.In this respect software systems differ profoundly from computers, buildings, or automobiles, where repeated elements abound. Digital computers are themselves more complex than most things people build; they have very large numbers of states.This makes conceiving, describing, and testing them hard.Software systems have orders of magnitude more（ ）than computers do. Likewise, a scaling-up of a software entity is not merely a repetition of the same elements in larger size; it is necessarily an increase in the number of different elements.In most cases, the elements interact with each other in some（ ）fashion, and the complexity of the whole increases much more than linearly. The complexity of software is a(an) （ ）property, not an accidental one.Hence descriptions of a software entity that abstract away its complexity often abstract away its essence.Mathematics and the physical sciences made great strides for three centuries by constructing simplified models of complex phenomena, deriving, properties from the models,and verifying those properties experimentally.This worked because the complexities（ ）in the models were not the essential properties of the phenomena.It does not work when the complexities are the essence. Many of the classical problems of developing software products derive from this essential complexity and its nonlinear increases with size.Not only technical problems but management problems as well come from the complexity.A.task B.job C.subroutine D.programA.states B.parts C.conditions D.expressionsA.linear B.nonlinear C.parallel D.additiveA.surface B.outside C.exterior D.essentialA.fixed B.included C.ignored D.stabilized
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单选题The combustion of larger molecules,（）have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involves a more complex series of reactions.AwhatBwhichCthatDwho
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