2011年GCT考试英语阅读练习（一）

Prof. Hawkins gave his audience a vivid_________ of his lecturing tour in the United States.()

A.tale

B.news

C.account

D.plot


参考答案：C

Passage Four

John Paul Jones was one of the founders of the United States Navy. During the Revolution, the colonies were desperate. They needed men to lead their small ships against the British fleet. Jones was more than willing to fight.

John Paul Jones had once been a captain of a British merchant ship. In 1773, his crew mutinied. One member of the crew tried to gain control of the ship. Jones shot the man to death. The mutiny took place near the port of Tobago, an island in the Caribbean. Authorities there decided to have a trial. This meant certain death for John Paul Jones, since the whole crew would testify against him. One night during a thunderstorm, he escaped from the jail.

He fled to the United States and lived with a family named Jones. His real name was John Paul. He added the name of Jones to his, in honor of the family. He outwitted the British ships that were sent to hunt him down.

When the American Revolution ended he went to serve in the Russian navy. There, he fought the Turks and achieved one of the few major naval victories in the history of Russia. He died in Paris at the age of forty-five.

John Paul Jones is considered both an American and Russian hero, but the English considered him a fugitive.

48. John Paul Jones won a major victory for the Russian navy against the ______.

A. French

B. British

C. Turks

D. Spanish


正确答案：C
48．倒数第二段第二句话。选项 C是正确的。

President of the United States lives in 10 Downing Street.()


参考答案：错误

According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.

A.two

B.three

C.four

D.five


正确答案：C

According to the passage, it is true that ________.

[A] in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed

[B] no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one

[C] one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s license

[D] one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the arm


正确答案：A
45. 答案[A]意为：获得驾照的人就可以算是成人了 第一段末句指出，到了 19世纪晚期，美国的青春期和成年期的分界线消失。Frontier 意为dividing line。所以，[A]为正确选项。
第二段倒数第五句指出，18岁后，可以不经父母的同意结婚。所以[B]错在“21岁”。第二段四、六、七句说明：16岁青少年可以获得驾照，但只有到了 21岁，他们才称为法律意义上的成年人。所以[C]错误。第二段倒数第六、七句说明：16岁就可以不受童工法限制，而 18 岁后他们才可以参军。所以[D]错误。

2011年GCT考试英语阅读练习（一）Today only one person in five in the United States lives within 50 miles of his birthplace. Since the country was first settled, Americans have moved around a great deal, and are often far away from their parents. Because they have broken ties with their past at a young age, chosen their own occupations, established their own homes and developed their own lifestyles, few American children grow up closely surrounded by grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins as they do in Italy, Nigeria, or India, for example. This along with the fact that modern American families do not have servants has made the “baby-sitter” a vital part of the American scene. A “sitter” is someone who is hired to care for children for a specific length of timeusually relatively shortwhile the parents are out for an evening, going to a party or a course of study for example. Sometimes the baby-sitter is also hired for longer period, perhaps when the parents are away for a weekend. In such cases the “sitter” is likely to be a mature and motherly woman. For short periods, teen-agers, college students, nursing students, and others are commonly employed on an hourly basis.From the point of view of convenience, the best sitters are often young people who live in your apartment building or close by in the neighborhood. This gives you a chance to meet the parents and see what they are like. If an emergency occurs, young sitters can call upon their parents quickly for help; you do not have to take them far to see them home at night or pay expensive taxi fares. Another advantage is that young people living close by can usually fill in quite readily on short notice or for short periods of time.In an apartment house you can ask the superintendent for permission to post a notice for a baby-sitter by the mailboxes. This is often the best way to find out if there is anyone in the building who is interested in baby-sitting. Retired people as well as students are often glad to earn a little money in this way and can be found by such a note.1. We can infer from the first paragraph that _.A. the American is a movable and independent nationB. the Americans are often far away from their parentsC. the Children in Italy, Nigeria, or India doesnt feel like living with their parentsD. the Americans broke ties with their past at a young age2. A baby-sitter is a person who _.A. helps to do houseworkB. is a cleaning womanC. looks after children while their parents are outD. takes care of babies and cooks for the family3. Who can be a baby-sitter?A. WomenB. ManC. College studentD. All the above4. It is advised that when you are out for short periods, you may hire _ to be baby-sitters.A. mothe、rly womenB. retired peopleC. young peopleD. mature women5. The best title for the passage is _.A. American FamiliesB. Baby-SittersC. A Way of Earning Money for Young StudentsD. A Best Way to Find Baby-Sitters答案：1. A。根据题干中的“infer”可以排除B项和D项，因为这两项在文中有直接体现，而非读 者通过阅读之后“推断”出来的内容，C项表述错误。故答案为A。2. C。根据理解以及短文、第一段的说明“A sitter is someone who is hired to care for children for a specific length of timeusually relatively shortwhile the parents are out ”可以知 道，故答案为C。3. D。短文中并没有提及对这一职业的性别限制，所以应该是全部都可以，故答案为D。4. C。由第一段“For short periods, teen-agers, colleges students, nursing students, and others are commonly employed on an hourly basis.”可以知道，短期的保姆就雇

In the USA children start school when they are five years old． In some states they must stay in school (11) they are sixteen． Most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they (12) school． There are two kinds of schools in the United States: public schools and pri-cate(私立)schools．(13)children go to public schools． Their parents do not have to(14)

their education because the schools (15) money from the government． If a child goes to a private school，his parents have to get enough money for his schooling ． Some parents still (16) private schools，though they are much more expensive．

Today about half of the high school students(17) unwersities after they finish the secondary school． A student at a state university does not have to pay very much if his parents (18 in that state． But many students(19) while they are studying at universities．In this way they (20)good working habits and live by their own hands．

( )11．

A．and

B．though

C．until

D．since


正确答案：C
．11．c【解析】延续性动词与until搭配时，用于肯定句中，表示“到……为止”．

第一节:阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.

Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart(购物手推车). They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.

Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging(吃力地携带) groceries around in baskets they had to carry.

One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.

On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention.

But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.

After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.

But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony(假冒的) customers.

As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.

Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.

56. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to ______.

(No more than 3 words)


正确答案：

. shopping carts

In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington,52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw-having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.
That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong-and yet most did little to fight it.
More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.
For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and The Creation of America． The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.
And the statesmen's political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.
Still, Jefferson freed Hemings's children-though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia．
Washington's decision to free slaves originated from his__

A.moral considerations
B.military experience
C.financial conditions
D.political stanD.

答案：B
解析：
细节题。从最后一段“…after observing the bravery ofthe black soldiers during the Revolutionary War…”可以看出在目睹黑人士兵英勇作战以后，华盛顿做出了释放奴隶的决定，因此B为正确选项。

Text 4 In 1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52,was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw–having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.More significantly,they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong–and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything,the historians say,the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery,they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the“peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803;the new land was carved into 13 states,including three slave states.Still,Jefferson freed Hemings’s children–though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Only a decade earlier,such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.38.What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?

A.His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.
B.His status as a father made him free the child slaves.
C.His attitude towards slavery was complex.
D.His affair with a slave stained his prestige.

答案：C
解析：
根据本文内容，杰斐逊虽然私下里反感奴隶制，但他更看重奴隶制在国家建设过程中的基石作用，并没有解放所有奴隶，只是释放了一个奴隶，这一点并不能说明他对奴隶制态度的改变，他仍然坚持奴隶制，如果说对奴隶制态度的改变是从“扩大奴隶制”到“释放奴隶”，那么这种改变也是由于他的私生活，而并不是他的政治观点导致的，因此A项排除；B项似是而非，child slaves泛指所有的儿童奴隶，而第六段首句提到，他只给了与他有私情女奴的孩子以自由，所以将原文的概念扩大而排除；D项中前部分表述为事实，他确实与一名女奴有暧昧关系，但这

Text 4 In 1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52,was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw–having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.More significantly,they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong–and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything,the historians say,the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery,they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves,and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the“peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803;the new land was carved into 13 states,including three slave states.Still,Jefferson freed Hemings’s children–though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Only a decade earlier,such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.40.Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his

A.moral considerations.
B.military experience.
C.financial conditions.
D.political stand.

答案：B
解析：
根据题干中的关键词定位到第六段的第二句，“Washington,…observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,…grant his slaves their freedom in his will”明确指出华盛顿给奴隶自由的原因是他们在战争中的勇敢行为，所以正确选项为B项。其他三项均不符合原文内容，故排除。

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考题 共用题干The United States is a federal union of 50 states.The capital of national government is in Washington,D.C.The federal constitution sets up the structures of the national government and lists its powers and activities.The constitution gives Congress the authority to make laws which are necessary for the common defense and the good of the nation.It also gives the federal government the power to deal with national and international problems that involve more than one state._________(46)_________(47)The legislative branch makes the laws;the executive branch carries out the laws;and the judicial branch interprets the laws.The President heads the executive branch and the Supreme Court heads the judicial branch.The legislative branch includes both houses of Congress一 the Senate and the House of Representatives._________(48)For example,Congress can pass a law; the President may sign it. Nevertheless,the Supreme Court can declare the law unconstitutional and nullify（取消）it.__________(49)The President and the members of the Congress are elected directly.But the heads of federal departments and Supreme Court judges are appointed by the President. Every citizen votes in secret.__________(50)The people believe that their government should provide a framework of law and order within which they are left free to run their own lives._________（50）A:The election of government takes place every four years.B:The federal government has three branches:the executive,the legislative,and the judicial.C: All the powers that are not given to the federal government by the constitution are the responsibility of the individual states.D:The United States government is based on the principle of federalism,in which power is shared between the federal government and state governments.E:Consequently,no one knows for sure whether his neighbor actually votes for or against a particular candidate.F:The constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents one branch from gaining too much power.答案：E解析：本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。第一段介绍宪法的时候提到：The constitution gives Congress the authority to...，以及It also gives the federal government the power to…介绍完宪法赋予国会和联邦政府哪些权限之后，接下来需要介绍的就是宪法没有赋予联邦政府的权力都归于各个州政府。因此正确答案选C。本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。本句之后的三句话中分别介绍了the legislative branch , the executive branch , the judicial branch这三个政府部门，因此第一句是对联邦政府的构成做一概括介绍。因此正确答案选B。本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。在对联邦政府的三个部门介绍过后，根据之后提出的例子可以看到这里需要讲述的就是三个部门之间权力的分散制衡，宪法限制每个部门的权力以避免某个部门的权力过大。因此这里选F。本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。该句后面讲述了总统（the President）以及国会成员（the members of the Congress）的选举以及联邦各部门的领导和最高法院法官（the heads of federal departments and Supreme Court judges）的任命方式。因此本题选A：政府的选举每四年举行一次。本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。前句提到：Every citizen votes in secret．每个公民都秘密投票，因此导致的结果就是没有人能确切地知道他的邻居对于某个候选人投了支持票还是反对票。因此正确答案选E。
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考题 共用题干第二篇One一Room SchoolsOne-room sohools are part of the heritage of the United States,and the mention of them makeo PeoPle feel a longing for"the way things were".One-room schools are an endangered species,however.For more than a hundred years,one-room schools have been systematically shut down and their students sent away to centralized schools.As recently as 1930 there were 149,000 one-room schools in the United States.By 1970 there werel,800.Today,of the nearly 800 remaining one-room schools,more than 350 are in Nebraska.The rest are spread through a few other states that have on their road maps wide-open spaces between towns.Now that there are hardly any left,educators are beginning to think that maybe there 15 something yet to be leamed from one-room schools,something that served the pioneers that might serve as well today.Progres- sive educators have come uP with progressive-sounding names like"peer-group teaching"and"multi-age grouping" for educational procedures that occur naturally in one-room schools.In a one-room school the chil- dren teach each other because the teacher 15 busy part of the time teaching someone else.A fourth grader can work at a fifth-grade level in math and a third-grade level in English without the bad name associated with being left back or the pressures of being skiPped ahead.A youngster with a learning disability can find his or her own level without being separated from the other pupils.A few hours in a small school that has only oneclassroom and it becomes clear why so many parents feel that one of the advantages of living in Nebraska is that their children have to go to a one-room school.One-room schools are in danger of disappearing because___________.A:there has been a trend towards centralizationB:they cannot get top studentsC:they exist only in one stateD:children have to teach themselves答案：A解析：短文第一段第一句话提到“一间房”学校已经成为美国遗产的一部分，一提到它就会使 人们有一种渴望回到过去的感觉。这就是说，这种学校对美国人的影响很深，故选C。短文第一段第三句话提到，“一间房”学校被不断关闭，学生被统一转送到集中化的学 校。故选A。短文第二段第四句话提到，一个四年级的学生可以做五年级的数学，三年级的英文，他 不会因为被甩到后面而感到丢脸，或是因为被超过而感到有压力。这句话与选项A相符合 （即学习不限制在一个年级的水平上）。短文第二段最后一句话提到，许多父母认为住在内布拉斯加州的好处之一就是孩子能 够在“一间房”学校读书。也就是说，家长们都不喜欢集中式的学校，故选A。通读整篇文章可知，作者对“一间房”学校是持赞同态度的。故选A。 第三篇 短文主要写平民科学家对生态学家的帮助。
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