问答题Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep.
问答题
Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep.
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解析：
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Mathew Brady______.A. was very lifelikeB. was famous for his unusual picturesC. was quite strongD. took many pictures of moving people
Which of the following statements is NOT true?[A] Today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie food by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt.[B] Calcium plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells.[C] You can rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet to take enough calcium.[D] If you want to absorb calcium, you should expose yourself to the sun's rays.
Passage TwoOnly one animal can walk 200 miles without stopping once to rest. It would take a person two days and two nights to walk this far, and only one man has ever done it without stopping. What amazing animal has such endurance? The camel! The camel is well known for something else, too. It can cross an entire desert without a single drink of water. Its body is built in a special way to help it store water and food.A person has just one stomach, but a camel has quite a few. Within each stomach are layers and layers of cells. These cells are like tiny water balloons, storing liquids until the camel needs them. When the camel drinks, the cells grow larger and larger. For a whole week, they can keep the animal's thirst away by sending water to all parts of its body.And did you ever wonder why the camel has a hump? The hump is a storage place for fat. Because it has this storage area, the camel does not need to eat very often. When the animal needs energy, the layers of fat serve as fuel to keep it going on the long, hot days in the burning sun.The camel has one other gift that makes it well suited to arid regions. This gift is its amazing nose. A camel can smell a water hole from miles away!When a camel moves it sways from side to side like a ship on a wavy ocean. Because of this swaying motion, the camel has been called the "Ship of the Desert."40. The camel's hump is a storage place for ______.A. musclesB. extra waterC. body sugarsD. fat
关于Adjustment的说法是正确的是() A.Internal cells及Foreign cells可以进行Adjustment操作B.UTRAN cell及Foreign cells可以进行Adjustment操作C.Adjustment是用现网的数据去更新valid areaD.Foreign cells可以进行Adjustment操作
共用题干第三篇Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolonas the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston,U.S.,and his colleagues navebeen able to extend the lifespan（寿命）of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's(啮齿动物）increase of fat in specific cells.This suggests that thinness一and not necessarily diet一Iromotes lonq life in"calorie（热量卡）restricted" animals."It's very cool work",says aging researche:Cynthia Kenyon of the University ot California, San Francisc."These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer.It's like heaven."Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents.Whether this works in humans is still unknown,partly because few people are willina to submit to such a strict diet.But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life.One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells.But Kahn's team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin（胰岛素）receptor (受体)gene in lab mice一but only in their fat cells."Since insulin is needed to help fat cells storefat ,these animals were protected against becoming fat,"explains Kahn.This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects.By three months of age.Kahn's modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice,despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition ,their lifespan increased.The average control mouse lived 753 days,while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days.After three years,all the control mice had died.but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive."That they ciet these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial,"saysLeonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible forincreased lifespan in calorie-restricted animals."It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life,"he points out,"and that would be very interesting." The average modified mouse livedA:3 years.B:753 days.C:More than 3 years.D:887 days.
共用题干第三篇Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolonas the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston,U.S.,and his colleagues navebeen able to extend the lifespan（寿命）of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's(啮齿动物）increase of fat in specific cells.This suggests that thinness一and not necessarily diet一Iromotes lonq life in"calorie（热量卡）restricted" animals."It's very cool work",says aging researche:Cynthia Kenyon of the University ot California, San Francisc."These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer.It's like heaven."Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents.Whether this works in humans is still unknown,partly because few people are willina to submit to such a strict diet.But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life.One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells.But Kahn's team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin（胰岛素）receptor (受体)gene in lab mice一but only in their fat cells."Since insulin is needed to help fat cells storefat ,these animals were protected against becoming fat,"explains Kahn.This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects.By three months of age.Kahn's modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice,despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition ,their lifespan increased.The average control mouse lived 753 days,while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days.After three years,all the control mice had died.but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive."That they ciet these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial,"saysLeonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible forincreased lifespan in calorie-restricted animals."It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life,"he points out,"and that would be very interesting." Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer byA:offering them less food.B:giving them a balanced diet.C:disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells.D:Dreventina them qrowinq larger.
共用题干第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.Before receiving healthy cells,diseased cells must_________.A:undergo chemotherapyB:go through radiationC:be preparedD:be wrecked
共用题干第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.Healthy stem cells may come from the following sources EXCEPT__________.A:peripheral blood stem cellsB:baby bloodC:bone marrowD:cord blood
共用题干第三篇Americans still have been gaining weight,although they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years.Indeed,cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates（碳水化合物）which break down into amino acids and simple sugars respectively,have just four. Moreover,the body uses fewer calories to metabolize（新陈代谢）fat than it does to metabolize other foods.But cutting fat from your diet doesn't necessarily mean your body won't store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies,there's trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers,soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions.No matter where the calories come from,overeating will still cause weight gain.The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand.He wasn't losing weight.Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he'd been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day."They don't have any fat,"he explains.But they had enough sugar to keep him from losing an ounce.Nonfat foods become add-on foods.When we add them to our diet,we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was born out in a Pennsylvania State University study.For breakfast,Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt that contained exactly the same amount of calories.One group's yogurt label said"high fat”一the other,"low fat". The"low fat"yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. "People think they've saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,"says Richard Mattes,a nutrition researcher at Purdue University."But when they do that,they don't compensate very precisely,and they often end up overdoing it."From Professor Barbara's experiment,we can learn that_________.A:people increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain weightB:the"low fat"yogurt group ate less calories later than the other groupC:two groups ate the same amount of yogurtD:people who eat low fat yogurt will not gain weight
共用题干第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.The new marrow usually comes from__________.A:people with cancerB:a family memberC:an organ donorD:a relative or a stranger
共用题干第三篇Americans still have been gaining weight,although they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years.Indeed,cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates（碳水化合物）which break down into amino acids and simple sugars respectively,have just four. Moreover,the body uses fewer calories to metabolize（新陈代谢）fat than it does to metabolize other foods.But cutting fat from your diet doesn't necessarily mean your body won't store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies,there's trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers,soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions.No matter where the calories come from,overeating will still cause weight gain.The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand.He wasn't losing weight.Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he'd been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day."They don't have any fat,"he explains.But they had enough sugar to keep him from losing an ounce.Nonfat foods become add-on foods.When we add them to our diet,we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was born out in a Pennsylvania State University study.For breakfast,Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt that contained exactly the same amount of calories.One group's yogurt label said"high fat”一the other,"low fat". The"low fat"yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. "People think they've saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,"says Richard Mattes,a nutrition researcher at Purdue University."But when they do that,they don't compensate very precisely,and they often end up overdoing it."Americans are still gaining weight though reducing the fat intake because_________.A:they eat regular cookies instead of nonfat onesB:they eat too muchC:they eat too much sugarD:they eat low-fat crackers,soups
共用题干第三篇Americans still have been gaining weight,although they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years.Indeed,cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates（碳水化合物）which break down into amino acids and simple sugars respectively,have just four. Moreover,the body uses fewer calories to metabolize（新陈代谢）fat than it does to metabolize other foods.But cutting fat from your diet doesn't necessarily mean your body won't store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies,there's trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers,soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions.No matter where the calories come from,overeating will still cause weight gain.The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand.He wasn't losing weight.Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he'd been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day."They don't have any fat,"he explains.But they had enough sugar to keep him from losing an ounce.Nonfat foods become add-on foods.When we add them to our diet,we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was born out in a Pennsylvania State University study.For breakfast,Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt that contained exactly the same amount of calories.One group's yogurt label said"high fat”一the other,"low fat". The"low fat"yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. "People think they've saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,"says Richard Mattes,a nutrition researcher at Purdue University."But when they do that,they don't compensate very precisely,and they often end up overdoing it."What lesson did the computer programmer learn?A:He shouldn't eat any sugar. B:He should only eat nonfat food.C:He shouldn't eat any food. D:He shouldn't eat too much.
共用题干第三篇Americans still have been gaining weight,although they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years.Indeed,cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates（碳水化合物）which break down into amino acids and simple sugars respectively,have just four. Moreover,the body uses fewer calories to metabolize（新陈代谢）fat than it does to metabolize other foods.But cutting fat from your diet doesn't necessarily mean your body won't store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies,there's trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers,soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions.No matter where the calories come from,overeating will still cause weight gain.The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand.He wasn't losing weight.Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he'd been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day."They don't have any fat,"he explains.But they had enough sugar to keep him from losing an ounce.Nonfat foods become add-on foods.When we add them to our diet,we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was born out in a Pennsylvania State University study.For breakfast,Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt that contained exactly the same amount of calories.One group's yogurt label said"high fat”一the other,"low fat". The"low fat"yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. "People think they've saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,"says Richard Mattes,a nutrition researcher at Purdue University."But when they do that,they don't compensate very precisely,and they often end up overdoing it."Which of the following contains fewer calories?A:Fat. B:Sugar.C:Protein and carbohydrates. D:Amino acids.
单选题Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?APoor Sleep May Lead to Too Much Stored Fat and DiseaseBSleep Experts Had Exciting Findings in a Fat StudyCAmericans Should Have More Than Six Hours of SleepDBad Things Happen if Fat Cells Become Our Friend
单选题Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?AWe will be in trouble if our fat cells become less responsive to insulin.BMore and more studies are done to study the link between sleep and weight.CMore than 20% of Americans are not getting enough sleep.DFat cells are there to help us maintain a good health.
单选题关于Adjustment的说法是正确的是（）AInternal cells及Foreign cells可以进行Adjustment操作BUTRAN cell及Foreign cells可以进行Adjustment操作CAdjustment是用现网的数据去更新valid areaDForeign cells可以进行Adjustment操作