共用题干第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.Healthy stem cells may come from the following sources EXCEPT__________.A:peripheral blood stem cellsB:baby bloodC:bone marrowD:cord blood
共用题干
第二篇
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.
If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.
People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.
The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.
If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.
Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.
On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.
第二篇
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.
If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.
People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.
The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.
If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.
Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.
On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.
Healthy stem cells may come from the following sources EXCEPT__________.
A:peripheral blood stem cells
B:baby blood
C:bone marrow
D:cord blood
A:peripheral blood stem cells
B:baby blood
C:bone marrow
D:cord blood
参考解析
解析：细节题。第三段最后一句：通常新骨髓来源于一个捐献者，或者是血缘亲近的家人，或者是无血缘关系的陌生人。B不全面，C“器官捐献者”，也不正确。
词义推断题。第一段第二句：它包括不成熟的细胞，被称作干细胞。A是 “主要的”,B是“杰出的”,D是“重要的”，只有C是“发育不完全的”。
细节题。由第四段可以看出，A、C、D都是文章提到的，只有B"婴儿的血液”除外。
细节题。倒数第二段提到了生病的细胞一定要被破坏掉，A和B都是破坏的方式，都不全面。C意思不明，且与文义不符。D的意思是被彻底破坏掉。
推断题。A选项文章没有提及。C选项语气过于绝对，文章中没有如此说明。第三段第一句说癌症患者有时会在治疗前捐出骨髓用于日后的移植，D选项说必须，则是不正确的。从文章中可以看出，骨髓移植是很复杂的，因此B选项是可以推断出来的。
词义推断题。第一段第二句：它包括不成熟的细胞，被称作干细胞。A是 “主要的”,B是“杰出的”,D是“重要的”，只有C是“发育不完全的”。
细节题。由第四段可以看出，A、C、D都是文章提到的，只有B"婴儿的血液”除外。
细节题。倒数第二段提到了生病的细胞一定要被破坏掉，A和B都是破坏的方式，都不全面。C意思不明，且与文义不符。D的意思是被彻底破坏掉。
推断题。A选项文章没有提及。C选项语气过于绝对，文章中没有如此说明。第三段第一句说癌症患者有时会在治疗前捐出骨髓用于日后的移植，D选项说必须，则是不正确的。从文章中可以看出，骨髓移植是很复杂的，因此B选项是可以推断出来的。
相关考题：
In medical training standards，seafarers are not required to demonstrate their ability ______．A.to provide medical first aid on boardB.to take charge of medical care on board shipsC.to take immediate effective action in the case of accidents or illness likely to occur on board shipD.to improve cardiac function after transplantation of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
共用题干Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much-until they get sick.The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere. You can ' t see them , but they ' re there. They're sitting on your desk.They're hiding on your computer's keyboard.They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs : viruses and bacteria（细菌）.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）.Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren't so good. They can make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick?Your skin is the first defense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing,with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth,eyes,and nose.Once germs are inside your body , your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies.An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind ofgerm.Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After agerm is destroyed,the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune systerm strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）.Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead,they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then yourantibodies attack it.The heart contains the body's strongest muscle.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much-until they get sick.The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere. You can ' t see them , but they ' re there. They're sitting on your desk.They're hiding on your computer's keyboard.They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs : viruses and bacteria（细菌）.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）.Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren't so good. They can make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick?Your skin is the first defense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing,with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth,eyes,and nose.Once germs are inside your body , your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies.An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind ofgerm.Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After agerm is destroyed,the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune systerm strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）.Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead,they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then yourantibodies attack it.Washing your skin can prevent some illnesses.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much-until they get sick.The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere. You can ' t see them , but they ' re there. They're sitting on your desk.They're hiding on your computer's keyboard.They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs : viruses and bacteria（细菌）.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）.Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren't so good. They can make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick?Your skin is the first defense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing,with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth,eyes,and nose.Once germs are inside your body , your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies.An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind ofgerm.Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After agerm is destroyed,the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune systerm strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）.Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead,they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then yourantibodies attack it.Vaccines can make you sick.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much-until they get sick.The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere. You can ' t see them , but they ' re there. They're sitting on your desk.They're hiding on your computer's keyboard.They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs : viruses and bacteria（细菌）.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）.Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren't so good. They can make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick?Your skin is the first defense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing,with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth,eyes,and nose.Once germs are inside your body , your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies.An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind ofgerm.Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After agerm is destroyed,the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune systerm strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）.Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead,they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then yourantibodies attack it.Viruses can only live inside people or animals.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much-until they get sick.The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere. You can ' t see them , but they ' re there. They're sitting on your desk.They're hiding on your computer's keyboard.They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs : viruses and bacteria（细菌）.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）.Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren't so good. They can make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick?Your skin is the first defense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing,with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth,eyes,and nose.Once germs are inside your body , your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies.An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind ofgerm.Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After agerm is destroyed,the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune systerm strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）.Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead,they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then yourantibodies attack it.All bacteria cause illnesses.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much-until they get sick.The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere. You can ' t see them , but they ' re there. They're sitting on your desk.They're hiding on your computer's keyboard.They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs : viruses and bacteria（细菌）.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）.Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren't so good. They can make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick?Your skin is the first defense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing,with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth,eyes,and nose.Once germs are inside your body , your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies.An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind ofgerm.Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After agerm is destroyed,the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune systerm strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）.Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead,they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then yourantibodies attack it.Germs can enter the body through the eyes.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
根据下面资料，回答Germs are everywhere. You can′t see them, but they are on your desk, on your computer, and even in the air! Like people, germs move around the world. They fly with us on planes. When food, clothes, and other things travel around the world, germs travel, too. Some germs are safe, but some are dangerous. Germs cause illnesses like colds and the flu. Warmer Weather Brings Germs The world′s weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects from hot countries can move there. Some of these insects, like mosquitoes, carry dangerous germs. These germs cause headaches, fever, and can even kill people. Under Your Skin Your skin protects you from germs. It stops some germs, but not all. They can enter your body when you eat, or when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands, too. They enter your body when you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. Your immune system (免疫系统) protects you, too. When germs get inside your body, your immune system finds and kills them. Special cells (细胞) move around your body and fight germs. They help you stay healthy. Other cells make antibodies. Antibodies help your body find and stop germs. What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap and water. Soap kills many germs, and water washes them away. What do antibodies do? _______________________________________________________________________
共用题干LeukemiaLeukemia is the most common type of cancer kids get,but it is still very rare.Leukemia involves the blood and blood-forming organs,such as the bone marrow.________(46)A kid with leukemia produces lots of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow. Usually,white blood cells fight infection,but the white blood cells in a person with leukemia don't work the way they're supposed to.________(47)The abnormal white blood cells multiply out of control,filling the bone marrow and making it hard for enough normal,infection-fighting white blood cells to form.Other blood cells一such asred blood cells(that carry oxygen in the blood to the body's tissues)and platelets(that allow blood to clot）一are also crowded out by the white blood cells of leukemia. These cancer cells may also move to other parts of the body,including the bloodstream,where they continue to multiply and build up.Although leukemia can make kids sick,most of the time it is treatable,and kids get better. Almost all leukemia patients are treated with chemotherapy,which means using anti-cancer drug.________(48)Chemotherapy quickly goes to work,traveling through the blood to the bone marrow. There,the drugs can attack the cancer cells.After several weeks of chemotherapy,many kids begin to feel better.Some children with leukemia will also have to have radiation therapy,too.________(49)If the cancer isn't getting better from using the usual amounts of chemotherapy and radiation,then a kid with leukemia will probably need more treatment一with higher doses of chemotherapy and radiation to finally kill the cancer cells.But this heavy-duty treatment will also harm the normal cells in the kid's bone marrow too,and the bone marrow will no longer be able to produce normal blood cells.So,doctors will then give a kid一or anyone else with bone marrow that is no longer working一normal bone marrow tissue from someone else who is healthy.________(50)___________（50）A:The chemotherapy drugs are given through a catheter,a narrow tube that is inserted into a blood vessel, sometimes in the kid's upper chest.B:Early symptoms of leukemia are often overlooked,since they may resemble symptoms of the flu or other common diseases.C:This is a special procedure called a bone marrow transplant,and it helps the patient make new blood cells so they can recover from the leukemia.D:Bone marrow is the innermost part of some bones where blood cells are first made.E:They don't protect the person from infections very well.F: Radiation therapy uses invisible high-energy waves(similar to X-rays)to kill cancerous cells.
共用题干Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运） more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help thefailing heart work better．All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心室）.Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction ofunder 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.No side effects were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease. Heart failure is more common in the UK than anywhere else in the world.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运） more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help thefailing heart work better．All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心室）.Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction ofunder 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.No side effects were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease. The 20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干第二篇 Diabetes（糖尿病）and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diabetes.It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age.Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin（胰岛素）or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose（葡萄糖）,a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose,which is used by the cells as a source of energy.If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells,glucose will stay in the blood,leading to high blood sugar levels.High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels,including the tiny blood vessels in the eye．This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy（糖尿病型视网膜病）. The retina（视网膜）is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy,some blood vessels in the retina are lost,and some of the other blood vessels begin to"leak"blood.This causes the retina to swell,and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients（滋养物）.Eventually , the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones.Unfortunately,these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones.They are more likely to break,causing bleeding in the eye.At first,people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms.As the disease gets worse , they may notice blurred（模糊的）vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on,it can progress to blindness.Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy,and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.Fortunately,you can reduce your risk.If you do not have diabetes,but think you may be at risk for this condition,visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes.If you do have diabetes:Have frequent eye check-ups.Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage.If you have high blood pressure,follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control.If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure,or whether your blood pressure is under control,discuss this with your doctor.The word"its"in the second paragraph refers toA: the nerve's. B:the blood's.C:the eye's. D: the retina's,
共用题干Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing.It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun,and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much一until they get sick.The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere.You can't see them, but they're there.They're sitting on your desk.They're hiding on your computer's keyboard.They're even in the air that you are breathing.There are two types of germs:viruses and bacteria（细菌）.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants.Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）.Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren't so good.They can make you sick.Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick?Your skin is the first de-fense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing,with soap and wa-ter.But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth, eyes,and nose.Once germs are inside your body, your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you.It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs!Other cells make antibodies.An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind of germ.Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After a germ is destroyed,the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back.That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune system strong.You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）.Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can't make you sick.Instead,they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then your antibodies attack it.All bacteria cause illnesses.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干第二篇 Diabetes（糖尿病）and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diabetes.It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age.Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin（胰岛素）or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose（葡萄糖）,a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose,which is used by the cells as a source of energy.If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells,glucose will stay in the blood,leading to high blood sugar levels.High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels,including the tiny blood vessels in the eye．This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy（糖尿病型视网膜病）. The retina（视网膜）is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy,some blood vessels in the retina are lost,and some of the other blood vessels begin to"leak"blood.This causes the retina to swell,and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients（滋养物）.Eventually , the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones.Unfortunately,these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones.They are more likely to break,causing bleeding in the eye.At first,people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms.As the disease gets worse , they may notice blurred（模糊的）vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on,it can progress to blindness.Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy,and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.Fortunately,you can reduce your risk.If you do not have diabetes,but think you may be at risk for this condition,visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes.If you do have diabetes:Have frequent eye check-ups.Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage.If you have high blood pressure,follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control.If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure,or whether your blood pressure is under control,discuss this with your doctor.The worst eye damage induced by diabetes isA:blurred vision. B: black spots,C: blindness. D: flashing lights.
共用题干Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing.It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun,and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much一until they get sick.The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere.You can't see them, but they're there.They're sitting on your desk.They're hiding on your computer's keyboard.They're even in the air that you are breathing.There are two types of germs:viruses and bacteria（细菌）.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants.Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）.Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren't so good.They can make you sick.Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick?Your skin is the first de-fense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing,with soap and wa-ter.But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth, eyes,and nose.Once germs are inside your body, your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you.It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs!Other cells make antibodies.An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind of germ.Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After a germ is destroyed,the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back.That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune system strong.You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）.Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can't make you sick.Instead,they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then your antibodies attack it.The heart contains the body's strongest muscle.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.Before receiving healthy cells,diseased cells must_________.A:undergo chemotherapyB:go through radiationC:be preparedD:be wrecked
共用题干Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much一until they get sick.The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere. You can ' t see them , but they ' re there. They're sitting on your desk.They're hiding on your computer's keyboard.They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs : viruses and bacteria（细菌）.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）.Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren't so good. They can make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick?Your skin is the first defense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing,with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth,eyes,and nose.Once germs are inside your body, your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies.An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind of germ. Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After a germ is destroyed,the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune system strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）.Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead,they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then your antibodies attack it.Vaccines can make you sick.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.We can infer from this passage that_________.A:bone marrow transplantation requires five proceduresB:bone marrow transplantation is complexC:people with leukemia must need transplantationD:people with cancer must donate bone marrow before treatment
共用题干Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much一until they get sick.The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere. You can ' t see them , but they ' re there. They're sitting on your desk.They're hiding on your computer's keyboard.They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs : viruses and bacteria（细菌）.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）.Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren't so good. They can make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick?Your skin is the first defense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing,with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth,eyes,and nose.Once germs are inside your body, your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies.An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind of germ. Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After a germ is destroyed,the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune system strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）.Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead,they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then your antibodies attack it.Germs can enter the body through the eyes.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.The new marrow usually comes from__________.A:people with cancerB:a family memberC:an organ donorD:a relative or a stranger
共用题干Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much一until they get sick.The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere. You can ' t see them , but they ' re there. They're sitting on your desk.They're hiding on your computer's keyboard.They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs : viruses and bacteria（细菌）.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）.Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren't so good. They can make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick?Your skin is the first defense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing,with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth,eyes,and nose.Once germs are inside your body, your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies.An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind of germ. Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After a germ is destroyed,the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune system strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）.Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead,they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then your antibodies attack it.Viruses can only live inside people or animals.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.The word"immature"in paragraph 1 means___________.A:majorB:outstandingC:underdevelopedD:significant
共用题干Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much一until they get sick.The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere. You can ' t see them , but they ' re there. They're sitting on your desk.They're hiding on your computer's keyboard.They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs : viruses and bacteria（细菌）.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）.Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren't so good. They can make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick?Your skin is the first defense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing,with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth,eyes,and nose.Once germs are inside your body, your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies.An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind of germ. Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After a germ is destroyed,the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune system strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）.Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead,they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then your antibodies attack it.Washing your skin can prevent some illnesses.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much一until they get sick.The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere. You can ' t see them , but they ' re there. They're sitting on your desk.They're hiding on your computer's keyboard.They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs : viruses and bacteria（细菌）.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）.Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren't so good. They can make you sick. Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick?Your skin is the first defense against germs.You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing,with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth,eyes,and nose.Once germs are inside your body, your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies.An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind of germ. Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After a germ is destroyed,the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune system strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）.Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead,they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then your antibodies attack it.The heart contains the body's strongest muscle.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
The research at the University of Wisconsin is mentioned to show( ) A.the isolation of stem cells B.the effects of gene therapies C.the advantages of human cloning D.the limitations of tissue replacements
名词解释题stem cells, SC (干细胞)