单选题One of the biggest threats to a company’s productivity is absenteeism. Studies have shown that companieswith in-house childcare programs see fewer absences among their employees who are parents than companies without such programs. Therefore, many companies could boost their productivity by starting in-house childcare programs. Which of the following, if true, most weakens the above argument?ACompanies that reimburse outside childcare programs actually see less absenteeism among working parents than companies within·house programs.BIn-house childcare programs create distractions for nonparents that cart harm their productivity.CAbsenteeism is not a serious problem for companies that impose harsh penalties on employees who miss work.DStudies have shown that employees with children are more likely than those without children to remain in the same job for more than five years.EPotential employees generally view companies with in-house childcare programs as more desirable places to work than companies without such programs.
单选题
One of the biggest threats to a company’s productivity is absenteeism. Studies have shown that companieswith in-house childcare programs see fewer absences among their employees who are parents than companies without such programs. Therefore, many companies could boost their productivity by starting in-house childcare programs. Which of the following, if true, most weakens the above argument?
A
Companies that reimburse outside childcare programs actually see less absenteeism among working parents than companies within·house programs.
B
In-house childcare programs create distractions for nonparents that cart harm their productivity.
C
Absenteeism is not a serious problem for companies that impose harsh penalties on employees who miss work.
D
Studies have shown that employees with children are more likely than those without children to remain in the same job for more than five years.
E
Potential employees generally view companies with in-house childcare programs as more desirable places to work than companies without such programs.
参考解析
解析：
推断中提到，育儿项目帮助有孩子的家长解决了后顾之忧，提高了生产率，B项提出了育儿项目的缺点，这些缺点会使公司生产率降低，故本题选B项。
推断中提到，育儿项目帮助有孩子的家长解决了后顾之忧，提高了生产率，B项提出了育儿项目的缺点，这些缺点会使公司生产率降低，故本题选B项。
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Most companies expect IT (Information Technology) managers to head an IT staff of computer technicians. But IT managers can also specialize in other areas. Some managers may also be responsible for keeping their company’s Internet safety. They protect both their company and their online customers from thieves.Other managers focus more on the business rather than the technical part of computing. They become project managers, helping companies reach as many online customers as possible.Some companies also look for IT managers who can act as trainers. These trainers help a company’s computer technicians keep up-to-date on computer skills.Most companies require their IT managers to have both a bachelor’s degree and some experience in the computer field. Often, companies hire IT managers out of their existing staff of computer technicians.Since IT managers are extremely important to companies’ success, it’s no surprise that they receive such high salaries – around US $56,000 a year to start with. And, in such a fast-changing field,managers’ salaries usually increase after only a couple of years.The world will be watching to see just how quickly e-commerce replaces the old ways of doing business. And as computers change the way the world does business, IT managers will be in the middle of it all. Few companies can survive without them.Besides being the leader of computer technicians, IT managers are also expected to be ________.(A) experienced product designers(B) skilled online technicians(C) doctorate holders(D) online safety specialists
Part BDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.As part of more comprehensive compliance and ethics programs, many companies have formulated internal policies pertaining to the ethical conduct of employees. These policies can be simple exhortations in broad, highly-generalized language (typically called a corporate ethics statement) , or they can be more detailed policies, containing specific behavioral requirements (typically called corporate ethics codes). 61) They are generally meant to identify the company' s expectations of workers and to offer guidance on handling some of the more common ethical problems that might a-rise in the course of doing business. 62) It is hoped that having such a policy will lead to greater ethical awareness, consistency in application, and the avoidance of ethical disasters.63) An increasing number of companies also requires employees to attend seminars regarding business conduct, which often include discussion of the company's policies, specific case studies, and legal requirements. Some companies even require their employees to sign agreements stating that they will abide by the company' s rules of conduct.Many companies are assessing the environmental factors that can lead employees to engage in unethical conduct. A competitive business environment may call for unethical behavior. Lying has become expected in fields such as trading. An example of this are the issues surrounding the unethical actions of the Saloman Brothers.Not everyone supports corporate policies that govern ethical conduct. Some claim that ethical problems are better dealt with by depending upon employees to use their own judgment.Others believe that corporate ethics policies are primarily rooted in utilitarian concerns, and that they are mainly to limit the company' s legal liability, or to curry public favor by giving the appearance of being a good corporate citizen. Ideally, the company will avoid a lawsuit because its employees will follow the rules. 64) Should a lawsuit occur, the company can claim that the problem would not have arisen if the employee had only followed the code properly.Sometimes there is disconnection between the company' s code of ethics and the company' s actual practices. 65) Thus, whether or not such conduct is explicitly sanctioned by management, at worst, this makes the policy duplicitous (搞两面派的), and, at best, it is merely a marketing tool.(61)
Children in the United States are exposed to many influences other than that of their families. Television is the most significant of these influences, because the habit of watching television usually begins before children start attending school.Parents are concerned about the lack of quality in television programs for children. The degree of violence in many of these shows also worries them. Studies indicate that, when children are exposed to violence, they may become aggressive or insecure.Parents are also concerned about the commercials (商业广告) that their children see on television. Many parents would like to see fewer commercials during programs for children. And some parents feel that these shows should not have any commercials at all because young minds are not mature enough to deal with the claims made by advertisers.Educational television has no commercials and has programs for children that many parents approve of. The most famous of these is Sesame Street, which tries to give preschool children a head start in learning the alphabet (字母) and numbers. It also tries to teach children useful things about the world in which they live.Even though most parents and educators give Sesame Street and shows like it high marks for quality, some critics argue that all television, whether educational or not, is harmful to children. These critics feel that the habit of watching hours of television every day turns children into bored and passive (被动的) consumers of their world rather than encouraging them to become active explorers of it1). Which of the following statements is not based on the passage?A. Parents are worried about the influence from television on their children.B. Television has much influence on children.C. Both parents and their children like watching educational television.D. Some critics think that television is no good for children.2). In what ways do children suffer from television?A. They become the victims of social violence.B. They spend hours watching television instead of doing school work.C. The programs make the children lose interest in the world.D. The programs make the children spend too much of their parents’ money.3). Parents would not like their children to see commercials because ______A. they think that their children are not old enough to handle advertisingB. commercials teach children alphabet and numbersC. commercials help to sell productsD. they don’t like commercials4). Educational television is widely appreciated because _____A. it does have the same commercials as othersB. it offers programs for both children and their parentsC. many parents like the programs it offers for their childrenD. children can learn some school subjects before they go to school5). Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A. Watching Too Much Television Is Harmful to Young Minds.B. Television Is More Harmful than Educational.C. Television’s Influence on Children.D. More Education Television.
根据下列内容，回答181-185题。For the first century or so of the Industrial Revolution, increased productivity led to decreasesin working hours. A generation ago social planners worried about what people would do with all thisnew-found free time. In the US, at least, it seems they need not have bothered.Although the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure (freetime)seems reserved largely for the unemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on thejob as they did at the end of World War II. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since1970.There are several reasons for lost leisure. Since 1979,companies have responded toimprovements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiringextra personnel. Most increased production doesn't relate to the employment. Some firms are evendownsizing as their profits climb. It's more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra houreach than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job.Although employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade moneyfor leisure. People who work reduced hours pay a huge price in career terms. It's taken as anegative (负面的 ) signal about their commitment to the firm. Many managers find it difficult tomeasure the contribution of their staff to a firm's well-being, so they use the number of workinghours instead of the output to evaluate the employees. Well aware of this, employees adjust theirbehavior accordingly.It may take some time before workers can successfully trade increased productivity and moneyfor leisure time. The reality is that the U.S. market for goods has focused on fulltime, two-careerhouseholds. Car makers no longer produce cheap models, and developers do not build the tinybungalows that served the first postwar generation of house seekers.In a word, in U.S., goods are appropriate only for high incomes and long hours.What was the result of the industrial revolution?__________A.Less working time.B.More unemployment.C.Fewer factories.D.More jobs.
Text 3 Employees are often said to be a company's biggest resource.It is equally true that they are its biggest liability.Scarcely a week goes by without a company falling victim to employees-turned-cnemies-or-embarrassments.The most familiar type of enemy within is the fraudster.The Economist Intelligence Unit conducts a regular poll of senior executives on the subject of fraud committed by insiders.Two year ago the poll discovered that about 70%of companies had suffered from at least one instance of fraud,up from 61%in the previous survey.Fraud is often petty.But fraud can also be more harmful:think of former employees setting up rivals using stolen technology and purloined client lists.Even more dangerous is the vandal.Thieves at least have a rational motive.Vandals are driven by a desire for revenge that can know no limit.A company that specialises in corporate investigation gives a detailed account of the story of a British manufacturing company that was under restructuring.A member of the infonnation technology department discovered that his name was on the list of people whose services would no longer be required.He built a"backdoor"into the company's IT system from his home computer and set about causing damage.What can companies do to reduce the threat from these wolves in sheep's clothing?A lot depends on which particular sorts ofwolves you are dealing with.Yet three principles are always worth bearing in mind.The first is that firms need to focus on the people who have the greatest capacity to do harm-those who control the money and information.The more complicated companies become,the harder it is to identify where power really lies.But one thing is clear.The more dependent on information firms get,the more IT specialists can compromise the whole business.The least companies can do is to keep a careful watch on the IT department.The second is that the human touch is still invaluable.Companies can certainly strengthen their hand by installing software that can identify unusual behaviour or monitor e-mail,or by employing professionals to double-check the accounts.The best way to avoid these problems is to treat our employees with respect.The biggest problem with trying to do more with less is that you can end up tuming your biggest resources into your biggest liabilities.According to the case in Paragraph 3,we learn that____A.thieves will revenge without limitsB.specialists are undergoing danger in restructuringC.IT department might let out secrets to employeesD.some employees deliberately cause damage to companies
Text 3 Employees are often said to be a company's biggest resource.It is equally true that they are its biggest liability.Scarcely a week goes by without a company falling victim to employees-turned-cnemies-or-embarrassments.The most familiar type of enemy within is the fraudster.The Economist Intelligence Unit conducts a regular poll of senior executives on the subject of fraud committed by insiders.Two year ago the poll discovered that about 70%of companies had suffered from at least one instance of fraud,up from 61%in the previous survey.Fraud is often petty.But fraud can also be more harmful:think of former employees setting up rivals using stolen technology and purloined client lists.Even more dangerous is the vandal.Thieves at least have a rational motive.Vandals are driven by a desire for revenge that can know no limit.A company that specialises in corporate investigation gives a detailed account of the story of a British manufacturing company that was under restructuring.A member of the infonnation technology department discovered that his name was on the list of people whose services would no longer be required.He built a"backdoor"into the company's IT system from his home computer and set about causing damage.What can companies do to reduce the threat from these wolves in sheep's clothing?A lot depends on which particular sorts ofwolves you are dealing with.Yet three principles are always worth bearing in mind.The first is that firms need to focus on the people who have the greatest capacity to do harm-those who control the money and information.The more complicated companies become,the harder it is to identify where power really lies.But one thing is clear.The more dependent on information firms get,the more IT specialists can compromise the whole business.The least companies can do is to keep a careful watch on the IT department.The second is that the human touch is still invaluable.Companies can certainly strengthen their hand by installing software that can identify unusual behaviour or monitor e-mail,or by employing professionals to double-check the accounts.The best way to avoid these problems is to treat our employees with respect.The biggest problem with trying to do more with less is that you can end up tuming your biggest resources into your biggest liabilities.Companies should bear in mind that_____A.people with the greatest capacity should control the moneyB.it's better to compromise with IT departmentC.IT specialists should be carefully watchedD.power should be identified to different departments
Text 3 Employees are often said to be a company's biggest resource.It is equally true that they are its biggest liability.Scarcely a week goes by without a company falling victim to employees-turned-cnemies-or-embarrassments.The most familiar type of enemy within is the fraudster.The Economist Intelligence Unit conducts a regular poll of senior executives on the subject of fraud committed by insiders.Two year ago the poll discovered that about 70%of companies had suffered from at least one instance of fraud,up from 61%in the previous survey.Fraud is often petty.But fraud can also be more harmful:think of former employees setting up rivals using stolen technology and purloined client lists.Even more dangerous is the vandal.Thieves at least have a rational motive.Vandals are driven by a desire for revenge that can know no limit.A company that specialises in corporate investigation gives a detailed account of the story of a British manufacturing company that was under restructuring.A member of the infonnation technology department discovered that his name was on the list of people whose services would no longer be required.He built a"backdoor"into the company's IT system from his home computer and set about causing damage.What can companies do to reduce the threat from these wolves in sheep's clothing?A lot depends on which particular sorts ofwolves you are dealing with.Yet three principles are always worth bearing in mind.The first is that firms need to focus on the people who have the greatest capacity to do harm-those who control the money and information.The more complicated companies become,the harder it is to identify where power really lies.But one thing is clear.The more dependent on information firms get,the more IT specialists can compromise the whole business.The least companies can do is to keep a careful watch on the IT department.The second is that the human touch is still invaluable.Companies can certainly strengthen their hand by installing software that can identify unusual behaviour or monitor e-mail,or by employing professionals to double-check the accounts.The best way to avoid these problems is to treat our employees with respect.The biggest problem with trying to do more with less is that you can end up tuming your biggest resources into your biggest liabilities.The text mainly discusses_____A.ways to avoid the enemy withinB.hidden thieves in IT departmentC.control the power of specialistsD.the best way to manage company staff
Text 3 Employees are often said to be a company's biggest resource.It is equally true that they are its biggest liability.Scarcely a week goes by without a company falling victim to employees-turned-cnemies-or-embarrassments.The most familiar type of enemy within is the fraudster.The Economist Intelligence Unit conducts a regular poll of senior executives on the subject of fraud committed by insiders.Two year ago the poll discovered that about 70%of companies had suffered from at least one instance of fraud,up from 61%in the previous survey.Fraud is often petty.But fraud can also be more harmful:think of former employees setting up rivals using stolen technology and purloined client lists.Even more dangerous is the vandal.Thieves at least have a rational motive.Vandals are driven by a desire for revenge that can know no limit.A company that specialises in corporate investigation gives a detailed account of the story of a British manufacturing company that was under restructuring.A member of the infonnation technology department discovered that his name was on the list of people whose services would no longer be required.He built a"backdoor"into the company's IT system from his home computer and set about causing damage.What can companies do to reduce the threat from these wolves in sheep's clothing?A lot depends on which particular sorts ofwolves you are dealing with.Yet three principles are always worth bearing in mind.The first is that firms need to focus on the people who have the greatest capacity to do harm-those who control the money and information.The more complicated companies become,the harder it is to identify where power really lies.But one thing is clear.The more dependent on information firms get,the more IT specialists can compromise the whole business.The least companies can do is to keep a careful watch on the IT department.The second is that the human touch is still invaluable.Companies can certainly strengthen their hand by installing software that can identify unusual behaviour or monitor e-mail,or by employing professionals to double-check the accounts.The best way to avoid these problems is to treat our employees with respect.The biggest problem with trying to do more with less is that you can end up tuming your biggest resources into your biggest liabilities.The study conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit informs us that_____A.many companies are stolen by thievesB.a large number of companies suffer from liarsC.senior executives are more likely to commit fraudD.rivals will steal technology and client lists
Text 3 Employees are often said to be a company's biggest resource.It is equally true that they are its biggest liability.Scarcely a week goes by without a company falling victim to employees-turned-cnemies-or-embarrassments.The most familiar type of enemy within is the fraudster.The Economist Intelligence Unit conducts a regular poll of senior executives on the subject of fraud committed by insiders.Two year ago the poll discovered that about 70%of companies had suffered from at least one instance of fraud,up from 61%in the previous survey.Fraud is often petty.But fraud can also be more harmful:think of former employees setting up rivals using stolen technology and purloined client lists.Even more dangerous is the vandal.Thieves at least have a rational motive.Vandals are driven by a desire for revenge that can know no limit.A company that specialises in corporate investigation gives a detailed account of the story of a British manufacturing company that was under restructuring.A member of the infonnation technology department discovered that his name was on the list of people whose services would no longer be required.He built a"backdoor"into the company's IT system from his home computer and set about causing damage.What can companies do to reduce the threat from these wolves in sheep's clothing?A lot depends on which particular sorts ofwolves you are dealing with.Yet three principles are always worth bearing in mind.The first is that firms need to focus on the people who have the greatest capacity to do harm-those who control the money and information.The more complicated companies become,the harder it is to identify where power really lies.But one thing is clear.The more dependent on information firms get,the more IT specialists can compromise the whole business.The least companies can do is to keep a careful watch on the IT department.The second is that the human touch is still invaluable.Companies can certainly strengthen their hand by installing software that can identify unusual behaviour or monitor e-mail,or by employing professionals to double-check the accounts.The best way to avoid these problems is to treat our employees with respect.The biggest problem with trying to do more with less is that you can end up tuming your biggest resources into your biggest liabilities.The word"liability"（Para.1）suggests_____A.employees may cause problems to the companyB.employees are the fortune of the companyC.some employees are embarrassed by the companyD.the company can rely entirely on employees
资料：Workforce planning helps an organization to estimate its future workforce requirements and calculate the numbers, nature and sources of potential employees who might meet that demand.Effective workforce planning helps companies identify and plan how to tackle their current and future workforce challenges and priorities. It provides a sound basis for developing an effective workforce strategy.An easy way of thinking about workforce planning it to get the right number of people, with the right skills, in the right place, at the right time. For our company, the right people will be those with relevant skills and capabilities to drive the company forward this year, next year and future years. Our company then provides training and development opportunities that enable people to enhance their skill sets and build their careers. This gives the company the continued benefit of experienced,committed and well-trained employees.Like other established companies,we may have a large number of long-standing employees with vast skills and experience. However, as people retire, it needs to replace those skills. Careful monitoring is essential to examine the age and skills profile of the workforce when compared with present and future company needs. This ensures the business can meet its objective.Who may be the potential employees of the company?A.those who have many work experiences.B.those who are likely to quit in a year.C.those who are friendly to colleagues.D.those who are skilled as well as committed.
资料：What attracts customers? Obviously the quality of a product does, but visual images contribute a great deal. It is not only the image provided by the packaging that counts but the whole corporate identity of the company.There are now many products and services on the market which are similar in content though produced by different companies. It is vital, therefore, for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which is immediately recognizable.Logos are part of this image. They are symbols which often include a name or initials to identify a company. The logo establishes a visual identity for the company, just as different groups of young people express their identity through hairstyles and clothes. All groups from all cultures and throughout the ages have used colors and symbols to show their identity.In different cultures, different colors carry different meanings. Some colors may be connected with coldness in one culture and with warmth in another; some colors represent life in one culture but death in another. International companies have, therefore, to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood or misinterpreted in different countries.Many companies have, over the years, renewed their logos to fit in with contemporary design and to present more powerful images. Company logos can be emotive and can inspire loyalty by influencing the subconscious. Some logos incorporate an idea of the product; and a case in point is the steering wheel in the Mercedes logo, for example, and the airplane tail of Alitalia.Logos are used on letterheads, packaging and brochures as well as on the product itself. They may also appear in newspapers or on television as part of an advertising campaign.Companies need to have a strong corporate identity. The logo helps to promote this image and to fix in the minds of the consumers. Logos, therefore, need to be original and to have impact and style.The passage supplies information that would answer which of the following questions? A.What’s in the image?B.What attracts customers?C.What’s in a logo?D.None of above
资料：Gone are the days of “one-size-fits-all” employee benefits programs and here come newly designed and fully customized voluntary benefits. Voluntary benefits are on longer looked at as just a few “extras”, and are now becoming part of a comprehensive benefits package. Lot's take a look at how voluntary benefits have become more customized to meet the requirements of a more particular health care consumer.Voluntary Benefits Bolster Recruitment and Retention EffortsIt gives employees a chance to select extras that the standard health care plan doesn't offer, which can be highly attractive to today's consumers Employers can also use voluntary benefits to round out their health care plans with a menu of items that cover everything from family vision care to pet insurance. This helps companies to address the specific heath and financial needs of candidates, to help the stretch their future paychecks even further.The Advantages of Offering Voluntary Employee BenefitsIn terms of being adaptable to the needs of employees, there are very few benefits that are like voluntary plans. Voluntary plans cover many of the gaps that traditional health benefits do not cover. For example, a health care plan may require dental services for minors, but not for adults. The voluntary dental program can cover things like routine cleanings and other preventative measures that help support good oral health. Customizing Voluntary Benefit PlansThere are several areas where voluntary benefit plans exceed the customization options of other types of wellness and financial benefits. This is a continual trend that we will see more of. Financial wellness benefits can include budgeting software, company matched savings plans, employee purchase programs, discount cards, credit union access, and even short term financing to help employees who otherwise cannot get credit to purchase things they need. Some companies offer support for buying of leasing vehicles, pay off college loans, arrange for special discounts and deals on home rentals and purchases, and even provide access to tuition for college expenses.It can be inferred from the passage that, comparing with the traditional health benefits, voluntary plans______A.incur less cost by the company to offer benefit programs.B.cover many of the gaps that traditional health benefits do not cover.C.help employees who are dealing with tough personal and career matters.D.encourage employees to stay with their companies for longer periods of time.
共用题干第一篇About eight million school-age children are home alone after school.These are the hours when the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alcohol,tobacco,and drugs.Many older children take care of themselves after school for an hour or two until a parent comes home,and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk of poor grades and risky behaviors.Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors among youths.One study of Chicago neighborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less violence even in poor neighborhoods.After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities to children and youths during their out-of-school time.In addition to helping youths make use of after-school hours,after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relationships with adults.Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults,as well as good use of time,are very important for healthy development in youth.After-school programs can also be used for teens who hang out at friends' houses and play basketball when a parent or other responsible adult is at home.The programs can also be helpful for formal after-school activities,including"drop-in"programs that are provided by organizations. Despite the benefits of after-school programs,there are many reasons why some parents do not use them. Programs may be too expensive,of poor quality,or hard to join.Some older cililciren and young teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care.F'arents may ieei uncertain about how much freedom is proper for children and youths who are beyond the traditional child care years.However,research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm.What can we infer from the passage?A:Teenagers tend to stay at their friends' houses for a long time.B:Relationships with adults may cause unhealthy development in youths.C:The after-school programs can be used for many different kids.D:Teenagers do not like the after-school programs.
共用题干第一篇About eight million school-age children are home alone after school.These are the hours when the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alcohol,tobacco,and drugs.Many older children take care of themselves after school for an hour or two until a parent comes home,and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk of poor grades and risky behaviors.Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors among youths.One study of Chicago neighborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less violence even in poor neighborhoods.After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities to children and youths during their out-of-school time.In addition to helping youths make use of after-school hours,after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relationships with adults.Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults,as well as good use of time,are very important for healthy development in youth.After-school programs can also be used for teens who hang out at friends' houses and play basketball when a parent or other responsible adult is at home.The programs can also be helpful for formal after-school activities,including"drop-in"programs that are provided by organizations. Despite the benefits of after-school programs,there are many reasons why some parents do not use them. Programs may be too expensive,of poor quality,or hard to join.Some older cililciren and young teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care.F'arents may ieei uncertain about how much freedom is proper for children and youths who are beyond the traditional child care years.However,research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm.Why do many parents refuse to use after-school programs?A:The programs are just like child care programs.B:The programs offer no freedom to their children.C:The programs bring little benefit to parents and children.D:The programs can be expensive or poor in quality.
共用题干The Worker 's Role in ManagementTraditionally,it has been the workers'role to work and management's role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled（被迫的）to obtain the workers ' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most,companies have provided"suggestion boxes"in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years,however,many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.Furthermore,major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This isparticularly true of plant closings,which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers, then,play a stronger role in management?Workers should have a role in management.At the very least,the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions).Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs（失业）,often with no warning.At least 90 days'notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant,because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups.If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,they will help to make improvements,their morale will rise,and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive,they must be given a share in the company's profits.This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans,bonuses,or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally,when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.According to the passage,what happened between 1980 and 1985?A:Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.B:Workers did not make necessary concessions.C:About five million workers were laid off without advance notice.D:Many companies were closed because of strikes.
共用题干The Worker 's Role in ManagementTraditionally,it has been the workers'role to work and management's role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled（被迫的）to obtain the workers ' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most,companies have provided"suggestion boxes"in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years,however,many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.Furthermore,major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This isparticularly true of plant closings,which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers, then,play a stronger role in management?Workers should have a role in management.At the very least,the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions).Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs（失业）,often with no warning.At least 90 days'notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant,because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups.If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,they will help to make improvements,their morale will rise,and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive,they must be given a share in the company's profits.This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans,bonuses,or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally,when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.In recent years,many management specialists have been arguing that workers______.A:are no longer sellers of the productsB:are less affected by company decisions than beforeC:are able to make final decisions for the companyD:should have a say in management of the company
共用题干About eight million school-age children are home alone after school.These are the hours when the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alco- hol,tobacco,and drugs. Many older children take care of themselves after school for an hour or two until a parent comes home,and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk of poor grades and risky behaviors.Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors among youths .One study of Chicago neighborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less vio- lence even in poor neighborhoods.After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities to children and youths during their out-of-school time.In addition to helping youths make use of af-ter-school hours,after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relation-ships with adults.Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults, as well as good use of time,are very important for healthy development in youth.After-school programs can also be used for teens who hang out at friends' houses and play basketball when a parent or other responsible adult is at home.The programs can also be helpful for formal after-school activities,including"drop-in"programs that are provided by organizations.Despite the benefits of after-school programs,there are many reasons why some parents do not use them. Programs may be too expensive,of poor quality,or hard to join.Some older children and young teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care.Parents may feel uncertain about how much freedom is proper for children and youths who are beyond the tradition-al child care years.However,research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm. Which of the following is a benefit of after-school programs?A: They help to avoid crime and violence during that time.B: They help youths do things on their own during after-school hours.C: They help teens develop caring relationships with classmates.D: They help to reduce risky behaviors among youths.
共用题干About eight million school-age children are home alone after school.These are the hours when the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alco- hol,tobacco,and drugs. Many older children take care of themselves after school for an hour or two until a parent comes home,and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk of poor grades and risky behaviors.Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors among youths .One study of Chicago neighborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less vio- lence even in poor neighborhoods.After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities to children and youths during their out-of-school time.In addition to helping youths make use of af-ter-school hours,after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relation-ships with adults.Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults, as well as good use of time,are very important for healthy development in youth.After-school programs can also be used for teens who hang out at friends' houses and play basketball when a parent or other responsible adult is at home.The programs can also be helpful for formal after-school activities,including"drop-in"programs that are provided by organizations.Despite the benefits of after-school programs,there are many reasons why some parents do not use them. Programs may be too expensive,of poor quality,or hard to join.Some older children and young teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care.Parents may feel uncertain about how much freedom is proper for children and youths who are beyond the tradition-al child care years.However,research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm. What can we infer from the passage?A: Teenagers tend to stay at their friends' houses for a long time.B: Relationships with adults may cause unhealthy development in youths.C: The after-school programs can be used for many different kids.D: Teenagers do not like the after-school programs.
共用题干About eight million school-age children are home alone after school.These are the hours when the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alco- hol,tobacco,and drugs. Many older children take care of themselves after school for an hour or two until a parent comes home,and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk of poor grades and risky behaviors.Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors among youths .One study of Chicago neighborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less vio- lence even in poor neighborhoods.After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities to children and youths during their out-of-school time.In addition to helping youths make use of af-ter-school hours,after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relation-ships with adults.Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults, as well as good use of time,are very important for healthy development in youth.After-school programs can also be used for teens who hang out at friends' houses and play basketball when a parent or other responsible adult is at home.The programs can also be helpful for formal after-school activities,including"drop-in"programs that are provided by organizations.Despite the benefits of after-school programs,there are many reasons why some parents do not use them. Programs may be too expensive,of poor quality,or hard to join.Some older children and young teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care.Parents may feel uncertain about how much freedom is proper for children and youths who are beyond the tradition-al child care years.However,research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm. Why do many parents refuse to use after-school programs?A: The programs are just like child care programs.B: The programs offer no freedom to their children.C: The programs bring little benefit to parents and children.D: The programs can be expensive or poor in quality.
问答题Practice 4 If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared, and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition, if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.
单选题Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text about some parents’ attitudes to ward commercials?AChildren should never watch commercials on TV.BAdvertisers are not always telling truth in commercials.CChildren can benefit from some commercials.DThere shouldn’t be too many commercials in children’s programs.
问答题In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing no more than four words from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. As a result of all these factors, when the recession eases and people find more confidence, there will be an explosion of employees seeking new opportunities to escape their current jobs. This will be led by younger, less-experienced employees and the hard - headed young graduates. ‘Headhunters’ confirm that older staff are still cautious, having seen so many good companies ‘go to the wall’, and are reluctant to jeopardize their redundancy entitlements. Past experience, however, suggests that, once triggered, the expansion in recruitment will be very rapid. The problem which faces many organizations is one of strategic planning; of not knowing who will leave and who will stay. Often it is the best personnel who move on whilst the worst cling to the little security they have. This is clearly a problem for companies, who need a stable core on which to build strategies for future growth. Whilst this expansion in the recruitment market is likely to happen soon in Britain, most employers are simply not prepared. With the loss of middle management, in a static marketplace, personnel management and recruitment are often conducted by junior personnel. They have only known recession and lack the experience to plan ahead and to implement strategies for growth. This is true of many other functions, leaving companies without the skills, ability or vision to structure themselves for long-term growth. Without this ability to recruit competitively for strategic planning, and given the speed at which these changes are likely to occur, a real crisis seems imminent. SUMMARY: Taking all of these various factors into consideration, when the economy picks up and people 1 there will be a very rapid expansion in recruitment. Younger employees and graduates will lead the search for new jobs, older staff being more 2 Not knowing who will leave creates a problem for companies; they need a 3 of personnel to plan and build future strategies. This is a serious matter, as 4 are often conducted by inexperienced staff, owing to the loss of many middle management positions. This inability to recruit strategically will leave many companies without the skills and vision to plan ahead and 5 to achieve long-term growth.
问答题Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in a maximum of 10 words. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. High Dropout Rate in US Many young people in the United States never finish high school. Exactly how many dropouts is another issue. Recent studies of dropout rates have had conflicting results. For one thing, schools define and measure their dropout rates differently. Some researchers say about fifteen to twenty parents of public school students do not complete their education. But many other experts and policymakers believe that for the past twenty years, the dropout rate has been around thirty percent. For Latino and black students, the numbers are even higher. Researchers say almost half of them leave school. At the same time, almost half the states let students leave school before the age of eighteen without informing their parents. Finding a good job without a high school education is more and more difficult. A Northeastern University study in 2002 found that almost half of all dropouts aged sixteen to twenty-four did not have a job. The lack of high school education can also lead to other problems. An estimated two-thirds of prisoners in the United States dropped out of high school. Recent studies have shown that the majority of students who drop out do not do it because they are failing. Many are bored with their classes or feel disconnected from their school and teachers. Some students feel that educators place low expectations on them. Teen pregnancies also add to the dropout problem. During the past twenty years, there have been efforts to increase graduation rate through education reforms. Some communities are working on dropout prevention programs. These include alternative high schools to meet special needs. Some programs, for example, provide free transportation and childcare to help young mothers and fathers finish school. Yet special programs can cost a lot, and many school systems have limited budgets. Federal spending on second-chance programs to help students finish school has decreased from the 1970s. This was shown in a report last year from the Educational Testing Service. Experts suggest early warning systems to help identify young schoolchildren at risk of dropping out of high school. They say schools also need to get parents more involved, especially if their children are missing school often. Questions: 1．What is the researchers’ estimated percentage of school dropouts among Latino and black students? 2．What efforts have been made to increase graduation rates? 3．What has been done to help young parents complete their education? 4．Who made a report about the decrease，of Federal spending on second-chance programs to help students finish school? 5．What do experts suggest setting up to help prevent students from dropping out of school?
单选题Renting luxury for employees _____.Ais encouraged by many companiesBis harmful for the company imageCis going to cost the companies moreDis made possible by companies’ increasing budget
问答题Practice 8 Over the years, organizations have implemented incentive plans for a variety of reasons: high labor costs, competitive product markets, slow technological advances, and high potential for production bottlenecks. While these reasons are still cited, contemporary arguments for incentive plans focus on pay-for-performance and link compensation rewards to organizational goals. By meshing compensation and organizational objectives, managers believe that employees will assume “ownership” of their jobs, thereby improving their effort and overall job performance. Incentives are designed to encourage employees to put out more effort to complete their job tasks-effort they might not be motivated to expend under hourly and/or seniority-based compensation systems. Financial incentives are therefore offered to improve or maintain high levels of productivity and quality. Do incentive plans work? Various studies have demonstrated a measurable relationship between incentive plans and improved organizational performance. In a survey of organizations with more than 500 employees, conducted by the New York Stock Exchange,70 percent of organizations with gain sharing programs stated that those programs improved productivity. In the area of manufacturing productivity will often improve by as much as 20 percent after the adoption of incentive plans.
单选题A recent study of an insurance company’s underwriters indicated that those who worked in pleasant physical surroundings were 25 percent more productive than their peers in unpleasant physical surroundings. Objective criteria for evaluating job performance included caseload and complexity of cases. This shows that improving workers’ environments increases those workers’ productivity. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?AOn average, less-productive employees spend no fewer hours per day at their workstations than do their more-productive peers.BUnpleasant surroundings give employees less motivation to work hard than more pleasant surroundings do.CThe more-productive employees are generally rewarded with pleasant office space.DMore-productive employees do not work any more hours than their less-productive peers.EPeer pressure discourages employees in crowded, unpleasant surroundings from making phone calls to their own family members during work time.
单选题An automaker is facing financial difficulties. The vice president of marketing has determined that the root of the company’s problems is low brand loyalty. The vice president proposes, there- fore, that the company begin an aggressive advertising campaign focused on children aged from three to eight years. By securing strong brand recognition with this demographic, he argues, the company will have an advantage when these customers reach an age when they can buy cars. Which of the following, if true, raises the most serious doubts about the vice president’s proposal?AStudies have shown that children are an important factor in the car-buying decision for 75 percent of parents with children under 18 years of age.BThe financial difficulties facing the company will result in the company’s declaring bankruptcy within five years if the difficulties are not addressed effectively.CThe company’s most recent advertising campaign, focused on the theme of “Rev up your life,” has received positive ratings from the demographic aged 18 to29.DChildren are accustomed to viewing ads for car toys while watching their favorite television programs, so ads for actual cars will appeal to them.EThe vice president who made the proposal has only one year of experience in the automotive industry, but has spent more than 20 years in the financial services and children’s entertainment industries.