共用题干Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More LightSolar photovoltaic thermal energy systems,or PVTs,generate both heat and electricity,but until now they haven't been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That's because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells,which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn't a very efficient way to gather heat.That's a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it's also a space problem:photovol-taic cells can take up all the space on the roof,leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies,Joshua Pearce,an associate professor of materials science and engineer-ing,has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen's University,Canada.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon,but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon,commonly known as thin-film silicon.They don't create as much electricity, but they are lighter,flexible,and cheaper. And,because they require much less silicon,they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately,thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect."That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light-pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,"Pearce explains,which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However,Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don't have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work.In fact,Pearce's group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures,near the boiling point of water,they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-fulm silicon directly to a solar thermal en-ergy collector,they also found that by baking the cell once a day,they boosted the solar cell's e-lectrical efficiency by over 10 percent. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of thin-film silicon solar cells?A:.They are electrically efficient.B: They are less expensive.C:.They are flexible.D: They are environment friendly.
共用题干
Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light
Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems,or PVTs,generate both heat and electricity,but until now they haven't been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That's because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells,which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn't a very efficient way to gather heat.
That's a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it's also a space problem:photovol-taic cells can take up all the space on the roof,leaving little room for thermal applications.
In a pair of studies,Joshua Pearce,an associate professor of materials science and engineer-ing,has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen's University,Canada.
Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon,but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon,commonly known as thin-film silicon.They don't create as much electricity, but they are lighter,flexible,and cheaper. And,because they require much less silicon,they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately,thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.
"That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light-pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,"Pearce explains,which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.
However,Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don't have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work.In fact,Pearce's group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures,near the boiling point of water,they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-fulm silicon directly to a solar thermal en-ergy collector,they also found that by baking the cell once a day,they boosted the solar cell's e-lectrical efficiency by over 10 percent.
Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light
Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems,or PVTs,generate both heat and electricity,but until now they haven't been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That's because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells,which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn't a very efficient way to gather heat.
That's a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it's also a space problem:photovol-taic cells can take up all the space on the roof,leaving little room for thermal applications.
In a pair of studies,Joshua Pearce,an associate professor of materials science and engineer-ing,has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen's University,Canada.
Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon,but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon,commonly known as thin-film silicon.They don't create as much electricity, but they are lighter,flexible,and cheaper. And,because they require much less silicon,they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately,thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.
"That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light-pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,"Pearce explains,which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.
However,Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don't have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work.In fact,Pearce's group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures,near the boiling point of water,they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-fulm silicon directly to a solar thermal en-ergy collector,they also found that by baking the cell once a day,they boosted the solar cell's e-lectrical efficiency by over 10 percent.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of thin-film silicon solar cells?
A:.They are electrically efficient.
B: They are less expensive.
C:.They are flexible.
D: They are environment friendly.
A:.They are electrically efficient.
B: They are less expensive.
C:.They are flexible.
D: They are environment friendly.
参考解析
解析：根据第一段“they haven't been very good at the heat-generating part...”可知，与太阳热能单机收集器相比，传统太阳能光伏热能系统在转换热能方面效率不是很高。
根据第二段可知，光电管占去屋顶的所有空间，几乎没有空间留给热能的产出。因此，传统太阳能光伏热能系统存在的一个问题是，占用太多空间，即C选项。文章也提到好的太阳能热水系统比太阳能电力系统成本低得多，但并没有说传统太阳能光伏热能系统贵到人们买不起的程度，因此B项错误。故本题选C。
根据第四段“...but they are lighter , flexible , and cheaper. And , because they requiremuch less silicon , they have a greener footprint.”可知，选项B,C,D在文中都直接提到，A 项没有提到。
根据第五段可知，薄型太阳能板只占有市场的一少部分的原因是，当被暴露在光线下，那就意味着它们的能效会降低——这几乎是太阳能电池最可能糟糕的效应。
通读文章最后一段可知，如果一天把太阳能电池加热一次，那么太阳能的电力效能会增加10%。即A选项正确，其他三项在文中并未提及。
根据第二段可知，光电管占去屋顶的所有空间，几乎没有空间留给热能的产出。因此，传统太阳能光伏热能系统存在的一个问题是，占用太多空间，即C选项。文章也提到好的太阳能热水系统比太阳能电力系统成本低得多，但并没有说传统太阳能光伏热能系统贵到人们买不起的程度，因此B项错误。故本题选C。
根据第四段“...but they are lighter , flexible , and cheaper. And , because they requiremuch less silicon , they have a greener footprint.”可知，选项B,C,D在文中都直接提到，A 项没有提到。
根据第五段可知，薄型太阳能板只占有市场的一少部分的原因是，当被暴露在光线下，那就意味着它们的能效会降低——这几乎是太阳能电池最可能糟糕的效应。
通读文章最后一段可知，如果一天把太阳能电池加热一次，那么太阳能的电力效能会增加10%。即A选项正确，其他三项在文中并未提及。
相关考题：
Electromagnetic EnergyWhite light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外线的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones.Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too.Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium(氦).Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.A. Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun's EnergyB. The Most Important Source of EnergyC. Types of Electromagnetic EnergyD. X-rays Are Used to Detect and Treat Cancer.E. Seeking New Sources of EnergyF. Nuclear Energy is Beginning to Compete with CoalParagraph 3 ______
For what purpose are the diving pipes used?A. To absorb heat from the sun.B. To store heat for future use.C. To turn solar energy into heat energy.D. To carry heat down below the surface.
共用题干Electromagnetic Energy1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.2 The sun is 93 million miles from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves.Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar.Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living.Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer.X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man.Chemical energy comes from electron （电子）rearrangement.Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom.Compared with chemical reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of'power to generate electricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.Infrared radiation can produce heat______. A:when it is absorbed by matterB:when it is cloudyC:because they can pass through solid objectsD:when the sunrays are fierce.E:when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes placeF:when electron rearrangement takes place
共用题干Electromagnetic Energy1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.2 The sun is 93 million miles from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves.Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar.Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living.Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer.X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man.Chemical energy comes from electron （电子）rearrangement.Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom.Compared with chemical reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of'power to generate electricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.Paragraph 4______A:Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun's EnergyB:The Most Important Source of EnergyC:Types of Electromagnetic EnergyD:The Machines Used for Energy GenerationE:Seeking New Sources of EnergyF:The Use of Ultravio1et Radiation in Medicine
共用题干Electromagnetic Energy1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.2 The sun is 93 million miles from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves.Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar.Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living.Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer.X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man.Chemical energy comes from electron （电子）rearrangement.Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom.Compared with chemical reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of'power to generate electricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.X-rays and gamma rays can be used to detect and treat cancer______.A:when it is absorbed by matterB:when it is cloudyC:because they can pass through solid objectsD:when the sunrays are fierce.E:when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes placeF:when electron rearrangement takes place
共用题干Electromagnetic Energy1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.2 The sun is 93 million miles from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves.Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar.Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living.Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer.X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man.Chemical energy comes from electron （电子）rearrangement.Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom.Compared with chemical reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of'power to generate electricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.One can get a sunburn even______.A:when it is absorbed by matterB:when it is cloudyC:because they can pass through solid objectsD:when the sunrays are fierce.E:when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes placeF:when electron rearrangement takes place
共用题干Better Solar Energy Systems:More Heat,More LightSolar photovoltaic（光电的）thermal energy systems , or PVTs , generate both heat and electricity , but _________ (51)now they haven't been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That ' s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon（晶体硅）solar cells, _______(52)lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn't a very efficient way to gather heat.That's a problem of economics.Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than asolar一electric system at a substantially lower _________(53).And it's also a space problem:photovoltaiccells can_________(54)up all the space on the roof,leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies,Joshua Pearce,an associate professor of materials science and engineering,has de- vised a_________(55)in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon,but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous（非晶形的）silicon , commonly known________( 56 ) thin-film silicon. They don ' t create as much elec-tricity,but they are lighter,flexible,and cheaper. And,because they________(57)much less silicon,they have a greener footprint._________(58),thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad一news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect."That means that their efficiency drops when you_________(59)them to light一pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,"Pearce explains,which is one of the__________(60)thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However,Pearce and his team found a_______(61)to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new________(62)of PVT. You don't have to cool down thin-film sili- con to make it work.In fact,Pearce's group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating tempera- tures,near the boiling_________(63)of water,they could make thicker cells that largely_________(64) the Staebler-Wronski effect.When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day,they_________(65)the solar cell's electrical efficiency by over 10 percent._________(57)A:retrieveB:requireC:mergeD:exchange
共用题干Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More LightSolar photovoltaic thermal energy systems,or PVTs,generate both heat and electricity,but until now they haven't been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That's because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells,which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn't a very efficient way to gather heat.That's a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it's also a space problem:photovol-taic cells can take up all the space on the roof,leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies,Joshua Pearce,an associate professor of materials science and engineer-ing,has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen's University,Canada.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon,but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon,commonly known as thin-film silicon.They don't create as much electricity, but they are lighter,flexible,and cheaper. And,because they require much less silicon,they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately,thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect."That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light-pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,"Pearce explains,which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However,Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don't have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work.In fact,Pearce's group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures,near the boiling point of water,they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-fulm silicon directly to a solar thermal en-ergy collector,they also found that by baking the cell once a day,they boosted the solar cell's e-lectrical efficiency by over 10 percent. One of the problems PVTs have is that______.A: their thermal applications are costlyB: they are too expensive to affordC: they occupy too much spaceD: it is hard to fix them on the roof
共用题干Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More LightSolar photovoltaic thermal energy systems,or PVTs,generate both heat and electricity,but until now they haven't been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That's because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells,which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn't a very efficient way to gather heat.That's a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it's also a space problem:photovol-taic cells can take up all the space on the roof,leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies,Joshua Pearce,an associate professor of materials science and engineer-ing,has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen's University,Canada.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon,but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon,commonly known as thin-film silicon.They don't create as much electricity, but they are lighter,flexible,and cheaper. And,because they require much less silicon,they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately,thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect."That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light-pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,"Pearce explains,which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However,Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don't have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work.In fact,Pearce's group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures,near the boiling point of water,they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-fulm silicon directly to a solar thermal en-ergy collector,they also found that by baking the cell once a day,they boosted the solar cell's e-lectrical efficiency by over 10 percent. PVTs are not efficient in______.A:.creating electricityB: cooling silicon solar cellsC: generating heatD: powering solar thermal collectors
共用题干Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More LightSolar photovoltaic thermal energy systems,or PVTs,generate both heat and electricity,but until now they haven't been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That's because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells,which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn't a very efficient way to gather heat.That's a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it's also a space problem:photovol-taic cells can take up all the space on the roof,leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies,Joshua Pearce,an associate professor of materials science and engineer-ing,has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen's University,Canada.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon,but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon,commonly known as thin-film silicon.They don't create as much electricity, but they are lighter,flexible,and cheaper. And,because they require much less silicon,they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately,thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect."That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light-pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,"Pearce explains,which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However,Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don't have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work.In fact,Pearce's group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures,near the boiling point of water,they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-fulm silicon directly to a solar thermal en-ergy collector,they also found that by baking the cell once a day,they boosted the solar cell's e-lectrical efficiency by over 10 percent. Which of the following statrnents is true?A: Thin-film silicon's electrical efficiency improves when heated up.B: New techniques have been developed to produce thin-film silicon.C: Thin-film silicon works efficiently at low temperature.D: A new material enlarging the Staebler-WronsKi effect has been created.
Text 2 While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply,it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.It can be learned that in Iowa,_____A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply
Text 2 While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply,it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to_____A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising
Text 2 While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply,it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America____A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical
共用题干Google's Solar Energy Gambit（策略）Google is making its largest investment yet in clean energy,setting up a $280 million fund to finance home solar rooftop（屋顶）installations.The search giant announced today it was teaming up with the Silicon Valley's Solar City一a company chaired by Paypal co-founder and Tesla Motors executive Elon Musk一in an effort to break down the biggest barrier to solar energy adoption:the cost."It's a great way to support installations going into more homes,"said Google spokesperson Parag Chokshi.The $280 million fund is the largest fund ever created for residential solar in the United States,according to Solar City,which has raised a total of$I.28 billion in financing capacity during its five-year history.Google over the past several years has invested in large,utility-scale wind and solar,enhanced geothermal（地热）energy,and other renewable energy projects,for a grand total of more than $680 million in the sector. But today's deal is not only Google's largest foray（突袭）into the sector, it is its first investment in distributed energy. Based in San Mateo,California,less than 20 miles north of Google's Mountain View headquarters,Solar City describes itseff as a solar power service provider. The idea is that people want affordable,clean energy一but they often can't afford to buy a photovoltaic system upfront. Solar City is one of a number of companies that have attempted to help people overcome that cost hurdle（障碍）by leasing,instead of owning their rooftop solar systems.Solar City's leases and power-purchase agreements to homeowners,businesses,and schools promise a lower monthly electricity bill(including a set payment to Solar City in addition to utility payments)than customers would get with their usual electricity from the grid.Solar City not only finances these photovoltaic projects,but also designs,installs,monitors,and maintains the systems. Recently,since buying the assets of a company called Business Solutions last year,Solar City has also begun offering energy audits and small home improvements(like installing programmable thermostats)that can make a big difference in energy use.Until now,Solar City has financed most of its 15,000 projects through banks,Chief Executive Lyndon Rive said in an interview. But the problem is only about a half dozen banks are doing solar financing,he said.So in order for Solar City's model to achieve"true scale,"it must"unleash the available capital of corporate America,"he said.Rive is hopeful that Google's move today will set an example for other corporations to make similar investments. Google is the biggest clean energy company in the world.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentiond
共用题干Google's Solar Energy Gambit（策略）Google is making its largest investment yet in clean energy,setting up a $280 million fund to finance home solar rooftop（屋顶）installations.The search giant announced today it was teaming up with the Silicon Valley's Solar City一a company chaired by Paypal co-founder and Tesla Motors executive Elon Musk一in an effort to break down the biggest barrier to solar energy adoption:the cost."It's a great way to support installations going into more homes,"said Google spokesperson Parag Chokshi.The $280 million fund is the largest fund ever created for residential solar in the United States,according to Solar City,which has raised a total of$I.28 billion in financing capacity during its five-year history.Google over the past several years has invested in large,utility-scale wind and solar,enhanced geothermal（地热）energy,and other renewable energy projects,for a grand total of more than $680 million in the sector. But today's deal is not only Google's largest foray（突袭）into the sector, it is its first investment in distributed energy. Based in San Mateo,California,less than 20 miles north of Google's Mountain View headquarters,Solar City describes itseff as a solar power service provider. The idea is that people want affordable,clean energy一but they often can't afford to buy a photovoltaic system upfront. Solar City is one of a number of companies that have attempted to help people overcome that cost hurdle（障碍）by leasing,instead of owning their rooftop solar systems.Solar City's leases and power-purchase agreements to homeowners,businesses,and schools promise a lower monthly electricity bill(including a set payment to Solar City in addition to utility payments)than customers would get with their usual electricity from the grid.Solar City not only finances these photovoltaic projects,but also designs,installs,monitors,and maintains the systems. Recently,since buying the assets of a company called Business Solutions last year,Solar City has also begun offering energy audits and small home improvements(like installing programmable thermostats)that can make a big difference in energy use.Until now,Solar City has financed most of its 15,000 projects through banks,Chief Executive Lyndon Rive said in an interview. But the problem is only about a half dozen banks are doing solar financing,he said.So in order for Solar City's model to achieve"true scale,"it must"unleash the available capital of corporate America,"he said.Rive is hopeful that Google's move today will set an example for other corporations to make similar investments. The biggest barrier to solar energy adoption is the cost.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentiond
共用题干Google's Solar Energy Gambit（策略）Google is making its largest investment yet in clean energy,setting up a $280 million fund to finance home solar rooftop（屋顶）installations.The search giant announced today it was teaming up with the Silicon Valley's Solar City一a company chaired by Paypal co-founder and Tesla Motors executive Elon Musk一in an effort to break down the biggest barrier to solar energy adoption:the cost."It's a great way to support installations going into more homes,"said Google spokesperson Parag Chokshi.The $280 million fund is the largest fund ever created for residential solar in the United States,according to Solar City,which has raised a total of$I.28 billion in financing capacity during its five-year history.Google over the past several years has invested in large,utility-scale wind and solar,enhanced geothermal（地热）energy,and other renewable energy projects,for a grand total of more than $680 million in the sector. But today's deal is not only Google's largest foray（突袭）into the sector, it is its first investment in distributed energy. Based in San Mateo,California,less than 20 miles north of Google's Mountain View headquarters,Solar City describes itseff as a solar power service provider. The idea is that people want affordable,clean energy一but they often can't afford to buy a photovoltaic system upfront. Solar City is one of a number of companies that have attempted to help people overcome that cost hurdle（障碍）by leasing,instead of owning their rooftop solar systems.Solar City's leases and power-purchase agreements to homeowners,businesses,and schools promise a lower monthly electricity bill(including a set payment to Solar City in addition to utility payments)than customers would get with their usual electricity from the grid.Solar City not only finances these photovoltaic projects,but also designs,installs,monitors,and maintains the systems. Recently,since buying the assets of a company called Business Solutions last year,Solar City has also begun offering energy audits and small home improvements(like installing programmable thermostats)that can make a big difference in energy use.Until now,Solar City has financed most of its 15,000 projects through banks,Chief Executive Lyndon Rive said in an interview. But the problem is only about a half dozen banks are doing solar financing,he said.So in order for Solar City's model to achieve"true scale,"it must"unleash the available capital of corporate America,"he said.Rive is hopeful that Google's move today will set an example for other corporations to make similar investments. Solar City is the name of a city in America.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentiond
共用题干Google's Solar Energy Gambit（策略）Google is making its largest investment yet in clean energy,setting up a $280 million fund to finance home solar rooftop（屋顶）installations.The search giant announced today it was teaming up with the Silicon Valley's Solar City一a company chaired by Paypal co-founder and Tesla Motors executive Elon Musk一in an effort to break down the biggest barrier to solar energy adoption:the cost."It's a great way to support installations going into more homes,"said Google spokesperson Parag Chokshi.The $280 million fund is the largest fund ever created for residential solar in the United States,according to Solar City,which has raised a total of$I.28 billion in financing capacity during its five-year history.Google over the past several years has invested in large,utility-scale wind and solar,enhanced geothermal（地热）energy,and other renewable energy projects,for a grand total of more than $680 million in the sector. But today's deal is not only Google's largest foray（突袭）into the sector, it is its first investment in distributed energy. Based in San Mateo,California,less than 20 miles north of Google's Mountain View headquarters,Solar City describes itseff as a solar power service provider. The idea is that people want affordable,clean energy一but they often can't afford to buy a photovoltaic system upfront. Solar City is one of a number of companies that have attempted to help people overcome that cost hurdle（障碍）by leasing,instead of owning their rooftop solar systems.Solar City's leases and power-purchase agreements to homeowners,businesses,and schools promise a lower monthly electricity bill(including a set payment to Solar City in addition to utility payments)than customers would get with their usual electricity from the grid.Solar City not only finances these photovoltaic projects,but also designs,installs,monitors,and maintains the systems. Recently,since buying the assets of a company called Business Solutions last year,Solar City has also begun offering energy audits and small home improvements(like installing programmable thermostats)that can make a big difference in energy use.Until now,Solar City has financed most of its 15,000 projects through banks,Chief Executive Lyndon Rive said in an interview. But the problem is only about a half dozen banks are doing solar financing,he said.So in order for Solar City's model to achieve"true scale,"it must"unleash the available capital of corporate America,"he said.Rive is hopeful that Google's move today will set an example for other corporations to make similar investments. More than $680 million has been cost on solar energy by Google.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentiond
Which of the following is a compelling reason to deploy IBM Systems Director Active Energy Manager (AEM) in a data center with high energy utilization?（）A、Removes the requirement for Intelligent PDUsB、Monitor and balance disk speeds according to utilization needsC、Is a required element for EnergyStar certification of the server/data centerD、Monitor and report power and thermal trending to optimize energy consumption
Modern desktop computer systems require the following to properly dissipate heat（）A、Temperature Control PanelB、Thermal CompoundC、Liquid Cooling SystemsD、Processor Heat SinkE、Case Fan
A customer wants to monitor energy consumption for all of their IBM systems. What part of the IBM Systems Director family supports this function?（）A、Active Energy ManagerB、PowerVM Energy ManagerC、Power and Energy ManagerD、Thermal and Energy Manager
Select 3 features of IBM’s CoolBlue Energy Management Innovation：（）A、IBM Active Energy Manager， Calibrated Vectored Cooling， and Water Chilled Door eXchanger B、IBM Active Energy Manager， Front Door Heat eXchanger， and Calibrated Vectored CoolingC、Power Configurator， Calibrated Vectored Cooling， and Rear Door Heat eXchangerD、Thermal Diagnostics， Front Door Heat eXchanger， and Rear Door Heat eXchanger
单选题A customer wants to monitor energy consumption for all of their IBM systems. What part of the IBM Systems Director family supports this function?（）AActive Energy ManagerBPowerVM Energy ManagerCPower and Energy ManagerDThermal and Energy Manager
单选题Which of the following is a compelling reason to deploy IBM Systems Director Active Energy Manager (AEM) in a data center with high energy utilization?（）ARemoves the requirement for Intelligent PDUsBMonitor and balance disk speeds according to utilization needsCIs a required element for EnergyStar certification of the server/data centerDMonitor and report power and thermal trending to optimize energy consumption
问答题Practice 3 At first, as he adjusted pumps and checked temperatures, Aaron Boucher looked like any technician in the control room of an electrical plant. Then he rushed to the window and scanned the sky, to check his fuel supply. Mr. Boucher was battling clouds, timing the operations of his power plant to get the most out of patchy sunshine. It is a skill that may soon be in greater demand, for the world appears to be on the verge of a boom in a little-known but promising type of solar power. It is not the kind that features shiny panels bolted to the roofs of houses. This type involves covering acres of desert with mirrors that focus intense sunlight on a fluid, heating it enough to make steam. The steam turns a turbine and generates electricity. The technology is not new, but it is suddenly in high demand. As prices rise for fossil fuels and worries grow about their contribution to global warming, solar thermal plants are being viewed as a renewable power source with huge potential. After a decade of no activity, two prototype solar thermal plants were recently opened in the United States, with a capacity that could power several big hotels, neon included, on the Las Vegas Strip, about 20 miles north of here. Another 10 power plants are in advanced planning in California, Arizona and Nevada. On sunny afternoons, those 10 plants would produce as much electricity as three nuclear reactors, but they can be built in as little as two years, compared with a decade or longer for a nuclear plant. Some of the new plants will feature systems that allow them to store heat and generate electricity for hours after sunset. At Nevada Solar One the other day, Mr. Boucher, 30, ran the computerized control room. He was trying to produce as much electricity as possible while saving heat to tide the plant over as clouds cast episodic shadows on the solar array. “I’ve been fighting it all day,” he said. Imperceptibly, in the dusty wind of the high desert, 182,000 mirrors moved from east to west, tracking the sun across the sky.
单选题It can be concluded from the passage that ______.Ait is hopeful to bring solar energy into average householdsBit is feasible to use nuclear energy to run home appliancesCit is economical to use water to heat housesDit is possible to use wind to power machines
单选题We learn from the passage that ______.Aall living things on the earth depend on the sun for their foodBa forest looks dark in winter because it absorbs solar energyConly 0.023 of the energy from the sun is made use of on the earthDgreenhouse gases allow heat energy to escape from the earth’ s surface
单选题The movement of heat within a fluid, caused by the application of thermal energy, is called （）.AradiationBconductionCconvectionDcondo-radiation