Banks will usually grant unsecured loans to ______.A．individuals with steady job held for yearsB．individuals with a good credit recordC．large commercial companies with a strong financial conditionD．all of the above
Banks will usually grant unsecured loans to ______.
A．individuals with steady job held for years
B．individuals with a good credit record
C．large commercial companies with a strong financial condition
D．all of the above
相关考题：
The commercial banks mentioned in the passage can not have any other trade with companies except the credit action.A．RightB．WrongC．Doesn't say
Relatively efficient market can usually provide information on the credit worthiness of a commercial bank.A．RightB．WrongC．Doesn't say
听力原文：Commercial banks are mainly to provide short-term loans for the capital market with the acquired deposits and the funds from other channels.(2)A．Commercial banks mainly provide short-term loans for the capital market.B．The capital market mainly depends on the acquired deposits and the funds from other channels.C．Short-term loans are mainly from the acquired deposits and the funds from other channels.D．Commercial banks mainly depend on the capital market for deposits and the funds.
According to the passage, unsecured loans are granted on the basis of ______.A．the borrower's financial conditionB．the guarantor's financial conditionC．the guarantor's past record of repaymentD．the borrower's pledged assets
Which of the following statements is true?A．Loans for buying houses are always secured in order to reduce the risk of nonpayment.B．Companies are more likely to borrow on all unsecured basis than individuals.C．The largest loans advanced by banks are always secured loans.D．Borrowers are more willing to repay the money if the loans are made on an unsecured basis.
听力原文： Some banks offer other types of loans repayable by monthly installments, such as business development loans, house improvement loans, and farm development loans. These may be either secured or unsecured. Secured loans attract a slightly lower rate of interest than unsecured loans. Some banks offer revolving credit schemes. These normally involve loans repayable by regular monthly installments, but they differ from other loans repayable by installments in two respects. First, the borrower need not take up the full amount of the loan at the outset. Secondly, as his repayments reduce his indebtedness, he can "top up" his loan by borrowing more, provided that the total debt outstanding does not exceed his agreed credit limit. In 1967 some banks introduced a new form. of account called a "budget account". The object is to allow personal customers to spread the incidence of normal personal and household expenditure.24. Which of the following loans is not repaid by installments?25.Which of the following loans would attract a lower rate of interest?26.How does a borrower "top up" his loan?27.What is the objective of introduction of the budget account?(24)A．Business development loans.B．House improvement loans.C．Farm development loans.D．Overdrafts.
Who may supply business loans in a remote area if there is no financial intermediaries offering such services?A．The local bank in the area.B．Business companies.C．Brokers in the Federal Funds.D．Correspondent banks.
What will happen if there is one commercial bank and no thrifts in a small town?A．The residents will deposit their money with the bank.B．The local bank will provide business loans to the commercial bank.C．Some large banks will transport money by check to the bank.D．People in the area will not deposit money with the bank.
听力原文：M: Most banks tend to decline loan proposals which are highly speculative.W: I think because the banks expect the loan to generate sufficient profit and positive cash-flow for themselves and for the clients.Q: What will the banks usually do to the highly speculative loan proposals?(15)A．The banks will disapprove them.B．The banks will approve them.C．The Bank will benefit from the loans.D．The bank will make profit from lending.
听力原文：M: What is a cheque card?W: It was originally issued in UK. British banks started to issue cheque cards in 1965, and as from 1969 all the main commercial banks in Britain agreed to issue a standardized form. of cheque card.Q: What happened to British banks in 1969?(17)A．All the main commercial banks in Britain agreed to issue a standardized form. of cheque card.B．British banks started to issue credit cards.C．Customers of British banks may cash their cheques in European countries.D．Commercial banks in the United States began to issue cheque card.
听力原文：Under the documentary credit, banks are in no way concerned with the sales contract on which the credit may be based.(3)A．Banks will deal with the documentary credit along with the sales contract.B．Banks take no care of the sales contract while dealing with the documentary credit.C．Documentary credit and the sales contract are both important to banks.D．Banks will care for either the documentary credit or the sales contract.
There's been a steady drumbeat of warmings about a surge in risky corporate borrowing-but not much clarity serious the threat is. At issue is the more than S1 million market in leveraged loans. That's Wall Street jargon for loans to business with less than rook-solid finances, Federal Reserve and European Central Hank officials have drawn to the rise in corporate debt and the deterioration or lending standards. The loans are often bundled into securities ollateralized loan obligations (CLOs).Most of the watchdogs are carceful to say a repeat of the 2007-2008 crisis is unlikely because most of the debt banks. But that creates another problem Regulators focused on banks are largely in the dark when it comes to where the risks he and how they might ripple through the financial system when the economy turns down. A big over-indebted businesses could face severe stress and, in some cases, insolvency, threatening jobs and deepen downturn.The mechanics of the leveraged loan market will be familiar to students of the housing crisis.With interesting investors are willing to take greater risks to get higher yields. That makes lots of money available for lending. we makes it easier for less creditworthy companies to borrow .Rather than keep the risky loans on their books, lender them to asset managers that package them into securities -C1Ds-that are sold to investors such as insurers and hedge funds.Yields on the riskicst portions of CLOs can approach 9% a year. And the growth of leveraged lending has been post crisis bank regulations that helped the rise or shadow lenders financial companics that aren't regulated like market for levcraged loans has more than doubled since 2012.The risk taking could get worse: With demand by borrowers for levcraged loans declining this year, those still financing have been able to extract looser learns.About 85% of leveraged loans are held by nonbanks, according to Wells Fargo rescarch.But banks may play a larger robe than may assumc, according to Gaurav V asisht, drector for financial regulation at the Volcker Alliance, a good-governance group, Banks are involved in all stages of the process. They underwrite loans, sell them to the CLOs, invest in those securities, and then hedge those risks in the market.“One common narrative is that banks don't have much risk or aren't exposed 1o it. Vasisht said at the hearing, "Banks are exposed to it."Just beeause banks are safer doesn't necessarily mean the financial system is, says Karen Petron, managing partner at Federal Financial Analytics, a regulatory- analysis firm. Debt investors might not be as resilient in a crisis, and their problems could create shock waves. "Banking regulators are being a htte myopic when they 're looking only at the banking system for systemic risk," she says.- Sally Bakewell and Thomas Beardsworth.What does the undcrlined word "'myopie" mean in the last paragraph?( )A. optimisticB. pessimisticC. short-sightedD. sarcastic
There's been a steady drumbeat of warmings about a surge in risky corporate borrowing-but not much clarity serious the threat is. At issue is the more than S1 million market in leveraged loans. That's Wall Street jargon for loans to business with less than rook-solid finances, Federal Reserve and European Central Hank officials have drawn to the rise in corporate debt and the deterioration or lending standards. The loans are often bundled into securities ollateralized loan obligations (CLOs).Most of the watchdogs are carceful to say a repeat of the 2007-2008 crisis is unlikely because most of the debt banks. But that creates another problem Regulators focused on banks are largely in the dark when it comes to where the risks he and how they might ripple through the financial system when the economy turns down. A big over-indebted businesses could face severe stress and, in some cases, insolvency, threatening jobs and deepen downturn.The mechanics of the leveraged loan market will be familiar to students of the housing crisis.With interesting investors are willing to take greater risks to get higher yields. That makes lots of money available for lending. we makes it easier for less creditworthy companies to borrow .Rather than keep the risky loans on their books, lender them to asset managers that package them into securities -C1Ds-that are sold to investors such as insurers and hedge funds.Yields on the riskicst portions of CLOs can approach 9% a year. And the growth of leveraged lending has been post crisis bank regulations that helped the rise or shadow lenders financial companics that aren't regulated like market for levcraged loans has more than doubled since 2012.The risk taking could get worse: With demand by borrowers for levcraged loans declining this year, those still financing have been able to extract looser learns.About 85% of leveraged loans are held by nonbanks, according to Wells Fargo rescarch.But banks may play a larger robe than may assumc, according to Gaurav V asisht, drector for financial regulation at the Volcker Alliance, a good-governance group, Banks are involved in all stages of the process. They underwrite loans, sell them to the CLOs, invest in those securities, and then hedge those risks in the market.“One common narrative is that banks don't have much risk or aren't exposed 1o it. Vasisht said at the hearing, "Banks are exposed to it."Just beeause banks are safer doesn't necessarily mean the financial system is, says Karen Petron, managing partner at Federal Financial Analytics, a regulatory- analysis firm. Debt investors might not be as resilient in a crisis, and their problems could create shock waves. "Banking regulators are being a htte myopic when they 're looking only at the banking system for systemic risk," she says.- Sally Bakewell and Thomas Beardsworth.According to the article, which of the following statements is true?( d )A. The mechanics of leveraged loans are different from that of housing crisis.B. regulators admit that the financial crisis in 2008 might repeat.C. shadow lenders will be regulated.D. banks are not immune from the risks of corporate debt.
There's been a steady drumbeat of warmings about a surge in risky corporate borrowing-but not much clarity serious the threat is. At issue is the more than S1 million market in leveraged loans. That's Wall Street jargon for loans to business with less than rook-solid finances, Federal Reserve and European Central Hank officials have drawn to the rise in corporate debt and the deterioration or lending standards. The loans are often bundled into securities ollateralized loan obligations (CLOs).Most of the watchdogs are carceful to say a repeat of the 2007-2008 crisis is unlikely because most of the debt banks. But that creates another problem Regulators focused on banks are largely in the dark when it comes to where the risks he and how they might ripple through the financial system when the economy turns down. A big over-indebted businesses could face severe stress and, in some cases, insolvency, threatening jobs and deepen downturn.The mechanics of the leveraged loan market will be familiar to students of the housing crisis.With interesting investors are willing to take greater risks to get higher yields. That makes lots of money available for lending. we makes it easier for less creditworthy companies to borrow .Rather than keep the risky loans on their books, lender them to asset managers that package them into securities -C1Ds-that are sold to investors such as insurers and hedge funds.Yields on the riskicst portions of CLOs can approach 9% a year. And the growth of leveraged lending has been post crisis bank regulations that helped the rise or shadow lenders financial companics that aren't regulated like market for levcraged loans has more than doubled since 2012.The risk taking could get worse: With demand by borrowers for levcraged loans declining this year, those still financing have been able to extract looser learns.About 85% of leveraged loans are held by nonbanks, according to Wells Fargo rescarch.But banks may play a larger robe than may assumc, according to Gaurav V asisht, drector for financial regulation at the Volcker Alliance, a good-governance group, Banks are involved in all stages of the process. They underwrite loans, sell them to the CLOs, invest in those securities, and then hedge those risks in the market.“One common narrative is that banks don't have much risk or aren't exposed 1o it. Vasisht said at the hearing, "Banks are exposed to it."Just beeause banks are safer doesn't necessarily mean the financial system is, says Karen Petron, managing partner at Federal Financial Analytics, a regulatory- analysis firm. Debt investors might not be as resilient in a crisis, and their problems could create shock waves. "Banking regulators are being a htte myopic when they 're looking only at the banking system for systemic risk," she says.- Sally Bakewell and Thomas Beardsworth.12. Which one is false about the leveraged loans?(。)A. they are loans provided to companies already holding a considenble amount of debt.B. It is easier for companies to get leveraged loans.C. most of the leveraged loans are held by nonbanks.D. the Federal Reserve is quite sure about the risks of leveraged loans.
There's been a steady drumbeat of warmings about a surge in risky corporate borrowing-but not much clarity serious the threat is. At issue is the more than S1 million market in leveraged loans. That's Wall Street jargon for loans to business with less than rook-solid finances, Federal Reserve and European Central Hank officials have drawn to the rise in corporate debt and the deterioration or lending standards. The loans are often bundled into securities ollateralized loan obligations (CLOs).Most of the watchdogs are carceful to say a repeat of the 2007-2008 crisis is unlikely because most of the debt banks. But that creates another problem Regulators focused on banks are largely in the dark when it comes to where the risks he and how they might ripple through the financial system when the economy turns down. A big over-indebted businesses could face severe stress and, in some cases, insolvency, threatening jobs and deepen downturn.The mechanics of the leveraged loan market will be familiar to students of the housing crisis.With interesting investors are willing to take greater risks to get higher yields. That makes lots of money available for lending. we makes it easier for less creditworthy companies to borrow .Rather than keep the risky loans on their books, lender them to asset managers that package them into securities -C1Ds-that are sold to investors such as insurers and hedge funds.Yields on the riskicst portions of CLOs can approach 9% a year. And the growth of leveraged lending has been post crisis bank regulations that helped the rise or shadow lenders financial companics that aren't regulated like market for levcraged loans has more than doubled since 2012.The risk taking could get worse: With demand by borrowers for levcraged loans declining this year, those still financing have been able to extract looser learns.About 85% of leveraged loans are held by nonbanks, according to Wells Fargo rescarch.But banks may play a larger robe than may assumc, according to Gaurav V asisht, drector for financial regulation at the Volcker Alliance, a good-governance group, Banks are involved in all stages of the process. They underwrite loans, sell them to the CLOs, invest in those securities, and then hedge those risks in the market.“One common narrative is that banks don't have much risk or aren't exposed 1o it. Vasisht said at the hearing, "Banks are exposed to it."Just beeause banks are safer doesn't necessarily mean the financial system is, says Karen Petron, managing partner at Federal Financial Analytics, a regulatory- analysis firm. Debt investors might not be as resilient in a crisis, and their problems could create shock waves. "Banking regulators are being a htte myopic when they 're looking only at the banking system for systemic risk," she says.- Sally Bakewell and Thomas Beardsworth. What is the main idea of this artiole? ( )A. lessons learned from the financial crisisB. the flaws of banking regulationC. the warnings of regulatorsD. the risks of corporate debts
There's been a steady drumbeat of warmings about a surge in risky corporate borrowing-but not much clarity serious the threat is. At issue is the more than S1 million market in leveraged loans. That's Wall Street jargon for loans to business with less than rook-solid finances, Federal Reserve and European Central Hank officials have drawn to the rise in corporate debt and the deterioration or lending standards. The loans are often bundled into securities ollateralized loan obligations (CLOs).Most of the watchdogs are carceful to say a repeat of the 2007-2008 crisis is unlikely because most of the debt banks. But that creates another problem Regulators focused on banks are largely in the dark when it comes to where the risks he and how they might ripple through the financial system when the economy turns down. A big over-indebted businesses could face severe stress and, in some cases, insolvency, threatening jobs and deepen downturn.The mechanics of the leveraged loan market will be familiar to students of the housing crisis.With interesting investors are willing to take greater risks to get higher yields. That makes lots of money available for lending. we makes it easier for less creditworthy companies to borrow .Rather than keep the risky loans on their books, lender them to asset managers that package them into securities -C1Ds-that are sold to investors such as insurers and hedge funds.Yields on the riskicst portions of CLOs can approach 9% a year. And the growth of leveraged lending has been post crisis bank regulations that helped the rise or shadow lenders financial companics that aren't regulated like market for levcraged loans has more than doubled since 2012.The risk taking could get worse: With demand by borrowers for levcraged loans declining this year, those still financing have been able to extract looser learns.About 85% of leveraged loans are held by nonbanks, according to Wells Fargo rescarch.But banks may play a larger robe than may assumc, according to Gaurav V asisht, drector for financial regulation at the Volcker Alliance, a good-governance group, Banks are involved in all stages of the process. They underwrite loans, sell them to the CLOs, invest in those securities, and then hedge those risks in the market.“One common narrative is that banks don't have much risk or aren't exposed 1o it. Vasisht said at the hearing, "Banks are exposed to it."Just beeause banks are safer doesn't necessarily mean the financial system is, says Karen Petron, managing partner at Federal Financial Analytics, a regulatory- analysis firm. Debt investors might not be as resilient in a crisis, and their problems could create shock waves. "Banking regulators are being a htte myopic when they 're looking only at the banking system for systemic risk," she says.- Sally Bakewell and Thomas Beardsworth. The ollteralized loan obligations (CLOs)( ).A. are securities back by loansB. are sold to companies with good financeC. have very low yieldsD. do not have much risks
资料：No credit，bad credit Hear the terms often enough and they can blur together.These credit statuses aren’t one and the same，though.Whether you have no credit or bad credit，one thing’s for sure：You don’t have good credit.And without good credit，you’ll face an uphill battle any time you apply for a loan or credit card.Potential lenders will want to know that you will almost certainly repay any money that you borrow.They likely won’t risk loaning money or extending credit to those whose creditworthiness is a big question mark or，worse，who have a track record of poor money management.If you fall into either of these categories，it’s smart to focus on raising your credit scores.If you have no credit score，you don’t have a credit history.If you have bad credit，it’s likely that you’ve mishandled credit in the past.And these two less-than-ideal credit standings require different solutions.If you fall in the no-credit category，you haven’t necessarily made any financial mistakes.In this case，a good way to start building that history is to acquire a credit card for people with no credit.Secured credit cards （which require a security deposit）or college student credit cards are typically the easiest to qualify for if you have no credit.A credit-builder loan can also help you establish credit.Bad credit can be a result of financial missteps，including missing payments，defaulting on loans，or having accounts sent to collections.If you fall into this category and need credit，you’ll need to look for a bad-credit credit card.A secured card or credit-builder loan is a good option in this situation，as well.You also may qualify for a bad-credit personal loan.If you still have open accounts，pay down the balances but don’t close credit accounts if you can avoid it.People with no credit are just starting to build their financial reputation，while those with bad credit are doing damage control.Moving from one of these less desirable situations to a good credit standing may use different tools，but the method is much the same： Make your payments on time and keep your debt low.It takes diligence and dedication，but it can be done.The main purpose of the passage is to______.A.teach people how to have credit accountsB.suggest ways for people to keep good credit recordC.present a concern about people’s bad credit nowadaysD.explain the differences between no-credit and bad credit
资料：No credit，bad credit Hear the terms often enough and they can blur together.These credit statuses aren’t one and the same，though.Whether you have no credit or bad credit，one thing’s for sure：You don’t have good credit.And without good credit，you’ll face an uphill battle any time you apply for a loan or credit card.Potential lenders will want to know that you will almost certainly repay any money that you borrow.They likely won’t risk loaning money or extending credit to those whose creditworthiness is a big question mark or，worse，who have a track record of poor money management.If you fall into either of these categories，it’s smart to focus on raising your credit scores.If you have no credit score，you don’t have a credit history.If you have bad credit，it’s likely that you’ve mishandled credit in the past.And these two less-than-ideal credit standings require different solutions.If you fall in the no-credit category，you haven’t necessarily made any financial mistakes.In this case，a good way to start building that history is to acquire a credit card for people with no credit.Secured credit cards （which require a security deposit）or college student credit cards are typically the easiest to qualify for if you have no credit.A credit-builder loan can also help you establish credit.Bad credit can be a result of financial missteps，including missing payments，defaulting on loans，or having accounts sent to collections.If you fall into this category and need credit，you’ll need to look for a bad-credit credit card.A secured card or credit-builder loan is a good option in this situation，as well.You also may qualify for a bad-credit personal loan.If you still have open accounts，pay down the balances but don’t close credit accounts if you can avoid it.People with no credit are just starting to build their financial reputation，while those with bad credit are doing damage control.Moving from one of these less desirable situations to a good credit standing may use different tools，but the method is much the same： Make your payments on time and keep your debt low.It takes diligence and dedication，but it can be done.The solution（s） for Bad-credit could be______.A.having accounts sent to collections.B.looking for a no-credit credit card.C.paying down the balance.D.closing your credit accounts.
资料：No credit，bad credit Hear the terms often enough and they can blur together.These credit statuses aren’t one and the same，though.Whether you have no credit or bad credit，one thing’s for sure：You don’t have good credit.And without good credit，you’ll face an uphill battle any time you apply for a loan or credit card.Potential lenders will want to know that you will almost certainly repay any money that you borrow.They likely won’t risk loaning money or extending credit to those whose creditworthiness is a big question mark or，worse，who have a track record of poor money management.If you fall into either of these categories，it’s smart to focus on raising your credit scores.If you have no credit score，you don’t have a credit history.If you have bad credit，it’s likely that you’ve mishandled credit in the past.And these two less-than-ideal credit standings require different solutions.If you fall in the no-credit category，you haven’t necessarily made any financial mistakes.In this case，a good way to start building that history is to acquire a credit card for people with no credit.Secured credit cards （which require a security deposit）or college student credit cards are typically the easiest to qualify for if you have no credit.A credit-builder loan can also help you establish credit.Bad credit can be a result of financial missteps，including missing payments，defaulting on loans，or having accounts sent to collections.If you fall into this category and need credit，you’ll need to look for a bad-credit credit card.A secured card or credit-builder loan is a good option in this situation，as well.You also may qualify for a bad-credit personal loan.If you still have open accounts，pay down the balances but don’t close credit accounts if you can avoid it.People with no credit are just starting to build their financial reputation，while those with bad credit are doing damage control.Moving from one of these less desirable situations to a good credit standing may use different tools，but the method is much the same： Make your payments on time and keep your debt low.It takes diligence and dedication，but it can be done.It can be inferred that the potential lenders______A.will probably loan money bad-credit people as they still have open accounts.B.will probably loan money no-credit people as they haven’t made any financial mistakes.C.won’t risk loaning money or extending credit to no-credit person or bad-credit person.D.None of above
资料：No credit，bad credit Hear the terms often enough and they can blur together.These credit statuses aren’t one and the same，though.Whether you have no credit or bad credit，one thing’s for sure：You don’t have good credit.And without good credit，you’ll face an uphill battle any time you apply for a loan or credit card.Potential lenders will want to know that you will almost certainly repay any money that you borrow.They likely won’t risk loaning money or extending credit to those whose creditworthiness is a big question mark or，worse，who have a track record of poor money management.If you fall into either of these categories，it’s smart to focus on raising your credit scores.If you have no credit score，you don’t have a credit history.If you have bad credit，it’s likely that you’ve mishandled credit in the past.And these two less-than-ideal credit standings require different solutions.If you fall in the no-credit category，you haven’t necessarily made any financial mistakes.In this case，a good way to start building that history is to acquire a credit card for people with no credit.Secured credit cards （which require a security deposit）or college student credit cards are typically the easiest to qualify for if you have no credit.A credit-builder loan can also help you establish credit.Bad credit can be a result of financial missteps，including missing payments，defaulting on loans，or having accounts sent to collections.If you fall into this category and need credit，you’ll need to look for a bad-credit credit card.A secured card or credit-builder loan is a good option in this situation，as well.You also may qualify for a bad-credit personal loan.If you still have open accounts，pay down the balances but don’t close credit accounts if you can avoid it.People with no credit are just starting to build their financial reputation，while those with bad credit are doing damage control.Moving from one of these less desirable situations to a good credit standing may use different tools，but the method is much the same： Make your payments on time and keep your debt low.It takes diligence and dedication，but it can be done.How to establish credit if you fall into the no-credit category？A.To have a credit-builder loanB.To acquire secured credit cards（which require a security deposit） or college student credit cardsC.To acquire a credit cardD.All of above
资料：No credit，bad credit Hear the terms often enough and they can blur together.These credit statuses aren’t one and the same，though.Whether you have no credit or bad credit，one thing’s for sure：You don’t have good credit.And without good credit，you’ll face an uphill battle any time you apply for a loan or credit card.Potential lenders will want to know that you will almost certainly repay any money that you borrow.They likely won’t risk loaning money or extending credit to those whose creditworthiness is a big question mark or，worse，who have a track record of poor money management.If you fall into either of these categories，it’s smart to focus on raising your credit scores.If you have no credit score，you don’t have a credit history.If you have bad credit，it’s likely that you’ve mishandled credit in the past.And these two less-than-ideal credit standings require different solutions.If you fall in the no-credit category，you haven’t necessarily made any financial mistakes.In this case，a good way to start building that history is to acquire a credit card for people with no credit.Secured credit cards （which require a security deposit）or college student credit cards are typically the easiest to qualify for if you have no credit.A credit-builder loan can also help you establish credit.Bad credit can be a result of financial missteps，including missing payments，defaulting on loans，or having accounts sent to collections.If you fall into this category and need credit，you’ll need to look for a bad-credit credit card.A secured card or credit-builder loan is a good option in this situation，as well.You also may qualify for a bad-credit personal loan.If you still have open accounts，pay down the balances but don’t close credit accounts if you can avoid it.People with no credit are just starting to build their financial reputation，while those with bad credit are doing damage control.Moving from one of these less desirable situations to a good credit standing may use different tools，but the method is much the same： Make your payments on time and keep your debt low.It takes diligence and dedication，but it can be done.Which topic has not been covered in the passage？A.Next steps to take for people in different categoriesB.How no credit and bad credit are differentC.How no credit and bad credit are similarD.All the above have been discussed in the passage
资料：In the United States of America, banks are categorized into the federally-chartered bank which received their charter from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency（OCC）; these are referred to as “National Banks”; and also the states-chartered banks which receive their charter from the superintendent to as “State Banks”. Banks are allowed to register either with the federal or the state authority. Let us now look at the organizational structure of Commercial Banks, which include unit banking, group banking and branch banking.The main characteristic of unit banking is that it can operate only a single full service bank from a single location. Unit banking institutions are not allowed to have branch networks. However, unit banking does not necessarily have to be small. In fact, many unit banks are quite large.Group banking refers to banking operations conducted by a corporation owning more than one bank. The group banking system usually exists in the states where branch banking is prohibited.As for branching, it is sometimes referred to “limited branching” or “stateside branching”. Limited branching allows bank to operate branches within geographic territories authorized by the state law. Stateside branching implies that bank branches are allowed to operate anywhere within the state. New York State, California, Florida and some others are stateside branch banking areas which Minnesota, Arkansas, lower and others are limited branching areas.In the United States, there are also specialized banks including the Edge Act Banks, the international Banking Facility, the bankers’ banks, the saving banks, the savings and loans associations, the credit unions and government owned and the Real Estate Investment Trust （TEIT）.There are also non-bank financial institutions in the USA, including the securities firms, the leasing and commercial finance companies, the mortgage bankers and the Real Estate Investment Trust （REIT）.Let us now look at the Federal System. Commonly known as the Federal Reserve Bank or the “Fed”, this is the Central Bank of the United States founded in 1913. It determines the reserve requirement within limits set by the US Congress. The function of the Fed is economic stabilization through the management of the nation’s money supply. The Federal Reserve System comprises a board of governors with 7 members stationed in Washington D.C Reserve Banks, including Boston，New York City, Dallas and San Francisco.The Federal Reserve Act（FRA）1913 set out the powers of the Fed which, on top of the regular central bank’s objectives, emphasize the following.i.Managing the monetary system and money supply of the USA;ii.Providing funds as the lender of last report;iii.Providing for an efficient cherub clearing system;iiii.Providing a rigorous banking supervision system.What is included in the commercial banking system of the USA?（ ）A.The Fed banks, the State banking and group banking.B.The Fed banking, the state banking and group banking.C.Unit banking, group banking and branch banking.D.Specialized banks, group banking and unit banking.
共用题干Making Yourself a Good RecordIf you are an American and you think you might need to borrow money someday,the best thing to do is start early.That'S because just as many employers want to hire only people with experience,banks and other creditors are usually reluctant to lend to those________(51)a proven track record of paying back, _________(52)time,the money they have borrowed.But if you need experience just to get a start,how do you get that start in the first place?With a little help from your parents usually,while you are still financially dependent_________(53) them.It is easy to get a credit card or student loan when you are in college,because banks figure your parents will bail you out if you fail to pay.So just as students take on internships to build up their resumes,one's university time can be a goodtime to work on another important personal record:the credit _________(54).Credit reports are a_________(55)of one's personal credit history,gathered by a credit reporting agency,or CRA.Banks and companies一___________(56)hospitals,landlords and insurance companies一regularly report to the three main CRAs in the US__________(57)how their customers are doing at paying back the money they ________(58).Anyone with a"legitimate business need"has the right to order individuals'reports from the CRAs. Potential creditors usually compile the information in'the reports into a credit"score",ranking the level ofcreditworthiness.Lack of experience in borrowing in__________(59)to a bad record of doing so,can result in a low score.Even if you are not considering taking out a loan for such a large purchase as a home or car,your credit report can be important to getting through life.Landlords often ask for the reports to judge________(60 )a person can be trusted to pay the rent. Credit checks are necessary for getting a credit card,even for pur-chasing a mobile phone calling plan.People can obtain a copy of their own credit report,usually __________(61)a cost of around US $8—9.Some consumer organizations recommend doing this once a year to allow one to catch any mistakes __________(62)have slipped into the record or,even worse,to find out whether any fraud has taken place.Though the system is controlled by laws __________(63)to protect people's privacy it isn't fool-proof: sometimes people take out bad loans in others'names,________(64)their records. In a society addicted________(65)credit,that can be a disaster._________(60)A:thatB:whetherC:whatD:either
问答题Credit cards enable their holders to obtain goods and services on credit. They are issued by retail stores, banks, credit card companies to approved clients. The bank or credit card company settles the client’s bills, invoicing him monthly and charging interest on any outstanding debts. Their profit comes from the high rate of interest charged, the card holder’s subscriptions, and the fees paid by some organizations that accept cards.
单选题Credit unions on campus ______.Aare open 24 hours a day.Bprovide the usual financial services offered by banks.Cdeduct fees for normal transactions.Dare open on public holidays.