Most people think of lions as strictly African beasts, but only because they've been killed off almost everywhere else. Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe, and so did people, who —as they multiplied and organized —pat pressure on competitors at the top of the food chain. Now lions hold only a small fraction of their former habitat, and Asiatic lions, a subspecies that split from African lions perhaps 100,000 years ago, hang on to an almost impossibly small slice of their former domain.India is the proud steward of these 300 or so lions, which live primarily in a 560-square-mile (1,450-square-kilometer) sanctuary. It took me a year and a half to get a permit to explore the entire Gir Forest —and no time at all to see why these lions became symbols of royalty and greatness. A tiger will slink through the forest unseen, but a lion stands its ground, curious and unafraid —lionhearted. Though they told me in subtle ways when I got too close, Gir's lions allowed me unique glimpses into their lives during my three months in the forest. It's odd to think that they are threatened by extinction; Gir has as many lions as it can hold —too many, in fact. With territory in short supply, lions prowl the periphery of the forest and even leave it altogether, often clashing with people. That's one reason India is creating a second sanctuary. There are other pressing reasons: outbreaks of disease or natural disasters. In 1994 canine distemper killed more than a third of Africa's Serengeti lions —thousand animals —a fate that could easily befall Gir's cats. These lions, saved by a prince at the turn of the 20th century, are especially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals. "If you do a DNA fingerprint, Asiatic lions actually look like identical twins," says Stephen O'Brien, a geneticist who has studied them. Yet the perils are hidden, and you wouldn't suspect them by watching these lords of the forest. The lions exude vitality, and no small measure of charm.Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it's time to eat, meals in Git are not necessarily frenzied affairs. For a mother and cub sharing a deer, or a young male relishing an antelope, there's no need to fight for a cut of the kill. Prey animals are generally smaller in Gir than they are in Africa, and hunting groups tend to be smaller as well. The lions themselves aren't as big as African lions, and they have shorter manes and a long fold of skin on their undersides that many lions in Africa don't have.What impressed the author most when he went to watch the lions in the Gir Forest?A．The lions were on the brink of extinction.B．They were suffering from a fatal disease.C．They allowed him to see their vitality and charm at close quarters.D．Mother lion and her cub shared a deer.
Most people think of lions as strictly African beasts, but only because they've been killed off almost everywhere else. Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe, and so did people, who —as they multiplied and organized —pat pressure on competitors at the top of the food chain. Now lions hold only a small fraction of their former habitat, and Asiatic lions, a subspecies that split from African lions perhaps 100,000 years ago, hang on to an almost impossibly small slice of their former domain.
India is the proud steward of these 300 or so lions, which live primarily in a 560-square-mile (1,450-square-kilometer) sanctuary. It took me a year and a half to get a permit to explore the entire Gir Forest —and no time at all to see why these lions became symbols of royalty and greatness. A tiger will slink through the forest unseen, but a lion stands its ground, curious and unafraid —lionhearted. Though they told me in subtle ways when I got too close, Gir's lions allowed me unique glimpses into their lives during my three months in the forest. It's odd to think that they are threatened by extinction; Gir has as many lions as it can hold —too many, in fact. With territory in short supply, lions prowl the periphery of the forest and even leave it altogether, often clashing with people. That's one reason India is creating a second sanctuary. There are other pressing reasons: outbreaks of disease or natural disasters. In 1994 canine distemper killed more than a third of Africa's Serengeti lions —thousand animals —a fate that could easily befall Gir's cats. These lions, saved by a prince at the turn of the 20th century, are especially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals. "If you do a DNA fingerprint, Asiatic lions actually look like identical twins," says Stephen O'Brien, a geneticist who has studied them. Yet the perils are hidden, and you wouldn't suspect them by watching these lords of the forest. The lions exude vitality, and no small measure of charm.
Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it's time to eat, meals in Git are not necessarily frenzied affairs. For a mother and cub sharing a deer, or a young male relishing an antelope, there's no need to fight for a cut of the kill. Prey animals are generally smaller in Gir than they are in Africa, and hunting groups tend to be smaller as well. The lions themselves aren't as big as African lions, and they have shorter manes and a long fold of skin on their undersides that many lions in Africa don't have.
What impressed the author most when he went to watch the lions in the Gir Forest?
A．The lions were on the brink of extinction.
B．They were suffering from a fatal disease.
C．They allowed him to see their vitality and charm at close quarters.
D．Mother lion and her cub shared a deer.
相关考题：
根据下列材料请回答 26～30 题：BToday there are policemen everywhere, but in 1700, London had no policemen at all. A few old men used to protect the city streets at night and they were not paid.About 300 years ago, London was starting to get bigger and more and more people began to live there. The city was very dirty and many people were poor. There were so many thieves who stole money in the streets that people stayed in their homes as much as possible.In 1750, Henry Fielding started to pay a group of people to stop thieves. They were like policemen and were called "Bow Street Runners" because they worked near Bow Street.Fifty years later, there were 120 "Bow Street Runners", but London had become very big and needed more policemen. So in 1829, the first Metropolitan (or London)Police Force was started with 3,000 officers. Most of the men worked on foot, but a few rode horses. Until 1920 all the police in London were men.Today. the London police are quite well paid and for the few police officers who still ride horses, the pay is even better than for the others.第 26 题 In 1700, the men who protected the streets were paid __________.A． a fewB． nothingC． a littleD． a lot
Why are the lions in the Git Forest especially vulnerable to disease?A．They are physically weaker than the African lions.B．They are small in size.C．They do not have enough to eat.D．They have descended from a dozen or so ancestors.
Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the【31】of the year, or manured a field; but we know【32】about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so【33】so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are【34】that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are,【35】they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in【36】an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and【37】them how to do it most efficiently — this, after all, is【38】conquerors and generals have done -- is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other【39】by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of other side, and then【40】that that side which has killed most has won.(31)A．numberB．lengthC．depthD．width
I’ve been wrestling with Chinese()for ten years now. A、now and thenB、off and onC、for and consD、up and down
Interviewer-------- Why is English so important?David------- Well, English is so important primarily because so many people speak it and use it, so it has now become the lingua franca in the world in a way that we’ve never seen before. We’ve never had a world language of this kind before. So people are learning it not just to be able tocommunicate with native speakers, but also with speakers of other language around world.Interviewer-------And why has it become that dominant language?David------I think the reason for that is actually very complicated, although in the twentieth century, we can just see that it’s the rise of the US military and consumer power. I mean the technology, all the big developments in technology largely came from the US. So all of these developments actually were produced within the English language, and people had to learn English in order to understand them, or to benefit from them. The Internet is only one example of that kind. Once a language has got into that position of dominance, it’s actually very different to shift it. So we could be seeing the emergence of other big languages in the world becoming more important than they have been, like Spanish, but it’s unlikely that they’re going to shift the English from its position of dominance.36. English is important, according to David, __________________________. A). because it has become a world language B). because so many people speak and use it C). because a lot of people are learning it D). because it is the lingua franca37. English has become the dominant language in the world________________________. A). because it has always been the way B). for a reason that is very complicated C). only in the 20th century D). for no reasons38. English became the dominant language in the 20th century_________________________. A). in the USAB). because of the increase in American consumer powerC). because developments in technology came mainly from USA. D). all over the world.39. People had to learn English______________________.A). because developments in technology were made by English speakers B). because they needed to understand the new developments in technology C). to use the InternetD). to speak with native Americans40. David thinks that__________________________.A). it will be easy for another language to become dominant B). English will not always be the dominant languageC). it will not be easy for another language to become dominant D). English will be the dominant language
共用题干Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr.David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5;5 hours, sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as arc abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had______.A:no drive and ambition B:the best sleep habitsC:no electric light D:nothing to do in the evening
共用题干Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr.David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5;5 hours, sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as arc abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."The word"subjects"(Line 1,Para 4)refers to______.A:the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficitB:special branches of knowledge that are being studiedC:people whose behavior or reactions are being studiedD:the psychological consequences of sleep deficit
共用题干第三篇Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.""Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."According to Dr. David,Americans___________.A: are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB:often neglect the consequences of sleep deficitC:do not know how to relax themselves properlyD:can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in manyways because__________.A.people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to changeB.people there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much difficultyC.people there are easy to pleaseD.people there are less disputed
共用题干In Your FaceWhy is this man so angry?We don't know the reason,but we can see the emotion in his face.What- ever culture you come from,you can understand the feeling that he is expressing.Forty years ago,psychologist Paul Ekman of the University of California,San Francisco,became interested in how people's faces show their feelings.He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions.Then he showed them to the Fore people,who live in the jungle in New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces,but they easily understood Americans' expressions of anger,happiness,sad- ness,disgust,fear,and surprise.Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse.He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans,and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on the Fore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere.He did more research in Japan,Brazil,and Argentina,and got the same results.According to Ekman,these six emotions are universal because they are built into our brains.Theydeveloped to help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us.Some emotional triggers are universal as well.When something suddenly comes into sight,people feel fear,because it might be dangerous.But most emotional triggers are learned.For example,two people might smell newly cut grass.One person spent won- derful summers in the country as a child,so the smell makes him happy.The other person remembers work- ing very hard on a farm and being hungry,so he feels sad.Once we make an emotional association in our brain,it is difficult,and sometimes impossible,to change it."Emotion is the least changeable part of the brain,"says Ekman.But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance,we can be more aware of things that make us angry,and we can think before we react.There are many differences between cultures,in their languages and customs.But a smile is exactly the same everywhere.Two people might feel different emotions about the same thing.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alivetoday would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Becausemore people live longer,there are more people around at any given time. In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,some-body else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insur-ance,they must often“go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died. Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are of-ten profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply“dumping grounds”for the dying in which“care”is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude toward most of the nursing homes,and convalescent hospitals?A: Sympathetic.B: Unfriendly.C: Optimistic.D: Critical.
共用题干In Your FaceWhy is this man so angry?We don't know the reason,but we can see the emotion in his face.What- ever culture you come from,you can understand the feeling that he is expressing.Forty years ago,psychologist Paul Ekman of the University of California,San Francisco,became interested in how people's faces show their feelings.He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions.Then he showed them to the Fore people,who live in the jungle in New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces,but they easily understood Americans' expressions of anger,happiness,sad- ness,disgust,fear,and surprise.Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse.He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans,and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on the Fore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere.He did more research in Japan,Brazil,and Argentina,and got the same results.According to Ekman,these six emotions are universal because they are built into our brains.Theydeveloped to help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us.Some emotional triggers are universal as well.When something suddenly comes into sight,people feel fear,because it might be dangerous.But most emotional triggers are learned.For example,two people might smell newly cut grass.One person spent won- derful summers in the country as a child,so the smell makes him happy.The other person remembers work- ing very hard on a farm and being hungry,so he feels sad.Once we make an emotional association in our brain,it is difficult,and sometimes impossible,to change it."Emotion is the least changeable part of the brain,"says Ekman.But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance,we can be more aware of things that make us angry,and we can think before we react.There are many differences between cultures,in their languages and customs.But a smile is exactly the same everywhere.Ekman did research in several countries and got different results.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干In Your FaceWhy is this man so angry?We don't know the reason,but we can see the emotion in his face.What- ever culture you come from,you can understand the feeling that he is expressing.Forty years ago,psychologist Paul Ekman of the University of California,San Francisco,became interested in how people's faces show their feelings.He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions.Then he showed them to the Fore people,who live in the jungle in New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces,but they easily understood Americans' expressions of anger,happiness,sad- ness,disgust,fear,and surprise.Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse.He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans,and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on the Fore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere.He did more research in Japan,Brazil,and Argentina,and got the same results.According to Ekman,these six emotions are universal because they are built into our brains.Theydeveloped to help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us.Some emotional triggers are universal as well.When something suddenly comes into sight,people feel fear,because it might be dangerous.But most emotional triggers are learned.For example,two people might smell newly cut grass.One person spent won- derful summers in the country as a child,so the smell makes him happy.The other person remembers work- ing very hard on a farm and being hungry,so he feels sad.Once we make an emotional association in our brain,it is difficult,and sometimes impossible,to change it."Emotion is the least changeable part of the brain,"says Ekman.But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance,we can be more aware of things that make us angry,and we can think before we react.There are many differences between cultures,in their languages and customs.But a smile is exactly the same everywhere.Fear is the most difficult emotion to change.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Prolonging Human Life1.Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.2.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.3.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work.We also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them.In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people.Unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.4.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.Many people would have died of_______if they had been born 100 years ago.A:too weak and illB:hunting and gathering culturesC:childhood diseasesD:no one at homeE:epidemic diseases F: traditional cultures
共用题干Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alivetoday would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Becausemore people live longer,there are more people around at any given time. In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,some-body else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insur-ance,they must often“go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died. Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are of-ten profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply“dumping grounds”for the dying in which“care”is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.According to the passage,which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true?A: Many of them have a very hard life.B: They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.C: They rely mainly on their children for financial support.D: Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.
共用题干In Your FaceWhy is this man so angry?We don't know the reason,but we can see the emotion in his face.What- ever culture you come from,you can understand the feeling that he is expressing.Forty years ago,psychologist Paul Ekman of the University of California,San Francisco,became interested in how people's faces show their feelings.He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions.Then he showed them to the Fore people,who live in the jungle in New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces,but they easily understood Americans' expressions of anger,happiness,sad- ness,disgust,fear,and surprise.Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse.He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans,and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on the Fore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere.He did more research in Japan,Brazil,and Argentina,and got the same results.According to Ekman,these six emotions are universal because they are built into our brains.Theydeveloped to help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us.Some emotional triggers are universal as well.When something suddenly comes into sight,people feel fear,because it might be dangerous.But most emotional triggers are learned.For example,two people might smell newly cut grass.One person spent won- derful summers in the country as a child,so the smell makes him happy.The other person remembers work- ing very hard on a farm and being hungry,so he feels sad.Once we make an emotional association in our brain,it is difficult,and sometimes impossible,to change it."Emotion is the least changeable part of the brain,"says Ekman.But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance,we can be more aware of things that make us angry,and we can think before we react.There are many differences between cultures,in their languages and customs.But a smile is exactly the same everywhere.Ekman thinks that some basic emotions are the same everywhere.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
资料：“Our cars are for people who want something different.”This has been the slogan for over 50 years of Suprema Cars, a manufacturer of an English sports car. The car is mostly handmade in the company's factory in northern England. Suprema Car produces approximately 500 cars a year. About 5 years ago, the company began to lose sales and market share, and in the last two years, it has made a loss.Recently, there have been problems with the labor force. The factory workers have demand higher wages and better working conditions. They are also unhappy because the management is insisting that they increase production, but the workers think this will have a bad effect on the quality of the cars.The company still has many loyal customers. People buy Suprema sports cars because they are handmade and have an image of quality and craftsmanship.Why do some customers still stick to Suprema Cars? A.Because its products are handmade and qualified.B.Because its name represents luxury.C.Because the company is famous.D.Because its products are cheap.
共用题干第一篇From Ponzi to MadoffThe year was 1920.The country was the United States of America. The man's name was Charles Ponzi. Ponzi told people to stop depositing money in a savings account.Instead,they should give it to him to save for them.Ponzi promised to pay them more than the bank.For example,a savings account might pay you$5 a year for every $100 you deposit.Ponzi,however,would pay you $40 a year for every $ 100 you gave him to hold.Many people thought this was a good plan.They began to give their money to Ponzi.How could Ponzi make so much money for people?This is what he did with the money people gave him: He used some of that money to pay other people who gave him money.However,he also kept a lot of the money for himself. Soon he had $ 250 million.This was a kind of theft,and it was against the law. The people who gave him their money didn't think anything was wrong. Ponzi paid them every month,just like a bank.Ponzi continued this way of working for two years.Then one day,he didn'thave enough money to pay all the people.They discovered his crime,and he went to prison for fraud.Ninety years later,people began to hear about a businessman in New York named Bernard Madoff. People said he gave good advice about money.They said when they gave him their money,he paid them a lot more than the bank.Madoff helped hospitals,schools,and individuals earn money.Over a period of 40 years,people gave him$170 billion.However,no one investigated what he did with the money.The people who gave Madoff their money also didn't think anything was wrong because he paid them every month.One day,Madoff didn't have enough money to pay all the people he needed to pay. That's when people discovered how Madoff worked:He was taking money from some people to pay other people,just the way Charles Fonzi did.However,this time,instead of losing millions of dollars,people lost billions.Madoff was accused of fraud,and the United States government officials arrested him.He didn't have to go on trial because he said he was guilty.In 2009,a judge sentenced him to 150 years in prison.Bernard Madoff's crime was even bigger than Ponzi'5.It was the biggest fraud in history.The lesson of this story is clear:When something seems too good to be true,it probably is!How long did Madoff's tricks last?A:Forty years.B:Four years.C:Nine years.D:Ninety years.
共用题干Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them.In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not.We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them.In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty.Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are often profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and underskilled personnel.The writer believes that the population explosion results from______.A:an increase in birthrates B:the industrial developmentC:a decrease in death rates D:cultural advances
共用题干第二篇Japan's Single LadiesIt is estimated that in Tokyo 70% of single working women choose to live with their parents and only 50%of them pay some rent. After graduating from college,these women came back to their nest and never left. With their mothers taking care of them,these young ladies are not in a hurry to get married,since they don't do housework or laundry,or cook.Happily unmarried,these called"parasite single",who have become the focus of the Japanese society,interpret marriage as lower standard of living and less money."The problem is that Japan is very different from the United States or Europe,where after marriage it's still possible for a woman to pursue a career,even after having a baby.While in Japan usually the husband doesn't want the wife to work," says Mariko Kawana,who is 27 years old and works as a secretary. Her opinion is agreed by Mild Takasu,who carries a $2 ,900 Bubbery purse,and drives a BMW."If a woman realizes there is something she wants to do after having been married,it is almost unlikely for her to come back to it."This is the first significant group of Japanese women to stay single beyond their early twenties. Their lifestyle and opinions define a kind of Tokyo yuppie.In the past 15 years,the number of women who are single into their late twenties has risen to 50%.They are crazy about shopping,and they spend most of their salaries on luxury and leisure.According to a nationwide survey,in 2003 they surprisingly covered 15%share in the total outbound leisure travel market from Japan,so they are targeted by travel agencies as"the office ladies".In 2002,a shopping tour which concentrated only on shopping in Milan attracted 700 Japanese single ladies in two months,featured none of Italy's famous tourist attractions.The participants didn't even try famous Italian food,but grabbed snacks on the run to the outlet shops.Girls like Miki,who are less affected by Japan's economic downturn,can afford this lifestyle because they live with their parents and they have jobs,and most of their incomes are disposable.Opinions on these young women vary.Some people think that they are good for the economy because they spend their incomes on cars and clothes,while a large number of people think they are destroying society by refusing to get married and have children.Why did they only eat snacks in spite of famous Italian food?A:Because they can't afford it after spending so much money on clothing.B:Because they are not interested in food.C:Because they are not used to Italian food.D:Because they have no time to eat in restaurants.
Why were the French troops in Canada defeated by the British during theSeven Years.War?（）A、Because they were not used to the weather in Canada.B、Because they did not get support from the local people.C、Because they did not receive the supplies they needed so badly.D、Because the British had larger and better settlements in Canada.
单选题More than 30 years ago, （）that the region was rich in natural resources。Apeople did little knowBpeople little knowClittle did knowDlittle did people know
问答题Aid for Africa The momentum is building ahead of next month’s G8 summit in Scotland where the leaders of the world’s richest nations will debate what they can do to help some of the world’s poorest. Africa is the priority and the politicians will discuss reducing the debt burden, ending trade regulations which put the continent’s economy at a disadvantage, and giving more aid. Mark Doyle, who’s reported from Africa for many years, looks at why aid is necessary, and why much of what’s been donated in the past has not worked. All around the edge of Africa-along the coastline, near the continents’ ports—are monuments to exploitation. On the island of Goree, for example, just off the coast of Senegal, there’s :the Slave House. This was the last place many Africans saw before being shipped off to a lifetime of slavery in American or, just as often, to death on the high seas. There are many more places like this dating from the three hundreds and fifty years or so of the African slave trade. When people wonder why Africa is so poor, they need look no further for the start of an explanation. The end of the slavery was followed by a century of colonialism. Some people argue that colonialism brought limited development—railways and schools and so on—the system was principally designed to turn Africa into a vast plantation and mining site for the profit of outsiders. Of course, some Africans gained from this period. Chiefs who sold their enemies to the European or Arab slavers, for example, and coastal people who creams a little off the colonial trade which flowed through their land. But on the whole, for almost half a millennium, the general rule was systematic exploitation. This must, surely, be the basic reason why Africa is poor. You could add that the climate .is punishing, that tropical diseases are fife, and that today’s independent African rulers are far from perfect, all true. But these factors, powerful in recent decades, seem marginal when set against to the pattern that was set for centuries. The solution, or at least, the project SOLD as the solution to, has been aid. Emergency aid, development aid, agricultural aid, economic advice. Billions of dollars worth of it. The problem with this solution is that, patently, is hasn’t worked. On the whole, Africa has got poorer. The failure hasn’t really been the idea of real aid but the misuse of that term. Clearly, if, in the famous phrases, you teach a man to fish you’re probably helping him. But most aid hasn’t been like that. Most of it has been top-down aid, money that’s given to African governments do the political bidding of the aid givers. A good proportion of it has been creamed off by the recipient government’s officials and another large chunk of it paid back to the so-called donors in consultancy fees, salaries, cars, houses and servants for aid officials, debt repayments and the purchasing of arms. And yet, to say aid hasn’t worked IN THE PAST is not the same thing as saying aid CAN’T work.
单选题Don't you think it's the most worst film we have seen since we came here ten years ago?ADon't youBthe most worst filmChave seenDsince
单选题So many people ______, the meeting had to be put off.Abeing absentBto be absentCwere absentDhad been absent
单选题As a result of the epidemic of AIDS in Africa, _____.Athe life span for most of the people has been reduced by 40 yearsBmost young people have been infected with human immunodeficiency virusCpeople will have to learn to live with the disease for over 50 yearsDthe achievements made in preserving people’s health in the past will be wiped off