单选题NNK is usually considered to be one of the direct cause’s of ______.AasthmaBlung cancerCheart attacksDhigh blood pressure
单选题
NNK is usually considered to be one of the direct cause’s of ______.
A
asthma
B
lung cancer
C
heart attacks
D
high blood pressure
参考解析
解析：
细节理解题。答案来自第二段最后：NNK is known to be involved in inducing lung cancer in both lab rats and smokers.
细节理解题。答案来自第二段最后：NNK is known to be involved in inducing lung cancer in both lab rats and smokers.
相关考题：
Which kind of food is recommended to prevent heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones?[A] Calcium-rich food.[B] Plant-based and starchy staples food.[C] High-fat, high-calorie food[D] Vitamin D-rich food.
共用题干Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP_________.A: where fewer pepole die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke C:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
共用题干U.S.Eats Too Much SaltPeople in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt,raising their risk for high blood pressure,heart attacks and strokes,government health experts said on Thursday.They found nearly 70 percent of U.S.adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 mg per day,yet most consume close to 3,500 mg per day.“It's important for people to eat less salt.People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium and rich in potassium and calcium can improve their blood pressure,”Dr.Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement."People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake,"Labarthe said.The study in CDC's weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40-which are considered highrisk groups.Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day,according to a 2005-2006 CDC estimate.Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged,processed and restaurant foods.The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.Nationwide,16 million men and women have heart disease and 5.8 million are estimated to have had a stroke.Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks,the CDC said.Too much salt raises one's risk for______.A:high blood pressure B:heart attacksC:strokes D:all of the above
共用题干Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.According to some researchers,by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people mayknow ________.A: where fewer pepole die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke C:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
共用题干Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.According to some researchers,by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people may know______.A:where fewer people die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or strokeC:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
共用题干Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP______.A:where fewer people die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or strokeC:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
共用题干Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.People who take regular afternoon naps _________.A: where fewer pepole die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke C:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
共用题干Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.People who take regular afternoon naps______.A:where fewer people die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or strokeC:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
Eating too much fat can __________ to heart disease and high blood pressure.A.devoteB.attendC.contributeD.turn
共用题干Surgery Involving the Heart1 The heart-lung machine(pump-oxygenator)is a valuable addition to the modern operating room. This machine has made it possible to perform many operations on the heart and other thoracic organs which could not otherwise be done.There are several types of machines in use,all of which serve as a temporary substitute for the patient's heart and lungs.2 The machine siphons off the blood from the large vessels entering the heart on the right side so that no blood passes through the heart and lungs.The blood is returned to the general circulation for body distribution through one of the large arteries.While passing through the machine,the blood is oxygenated by means of an oxygen inlet,and carbon dioxide is removed by various chemical means.These are the processes that normally take place between the blood and the air in the lung tissue.While in the machine,the blood is also deformed to be sure that all air bubbles are removed,since such bubbles could be fatal to the patient byobstructing blood vessels.An electric motor in the machine serves as a pump during the surgical procedure to distribute the processed blood throughout the body by means of the artery mentioned above.3 Diseased valves may become deformed and scarred from endocarditis so that they are ineffective and often obstructive.In some cases a special small knife can be inserted into the heart chamber and the valve can be cut so that it no longer obstructs the blood flow. The valve may even become partially functional.In other cases there may be so much damage that replacement is the only resort. Substitute valves,made of plastic materials have proved to be a lifesaving measure for many patients.Very thin butterfly valves made of dacron（涤纶）or other synthetic material have also been successfully used.4 Artificial hearts or parts of hearts designed to assist the ventricles in their pumping function have not proved as successful as the artificial valves.However,research continues and it is quite possible that an effective device may soon be ready for use.More spectacular is the transplantation of a human heart from the body of a person who has recently died.Tissues of the donor and the recipient should be as closely matched as possible to avoid rejection by the recipient's antibody mechanism.This rejection syndrome is the most serious problem related to heart transplants.The heart-lung machine is an essential helper for surgeons________.A:and finally they fail to function properlyB:to perform many surgical operations on the chestC:when it passes through the heart-lung machineD:and they no longer obstruct the blood flowE:to match tissues of the donor and the recipientF: when the ineffective valves are replaced by artificial ones
共用题干Surgery Involving the Heart1 The heart-lung machine(pump-oxygenator)is a valuable addition to the modern operating room. This machine has made it possible to perform many operations on the heart and other thoracic organs which could not otherwise be done.There are several types of machines in use,all of which serve as a temporary substitute for the patient's heart and lungs.2 The machine siphons off the blood from the large vessels entering the heart on the right side so that no blood passes through the heart and lungs.The blood is returned to the general circulation for body distribution through one of the large arteries.While passing through the machine,the blood is oxygenated by means of an oxygen inlet,and carbon dioxide is removed by various chemical means.These are the processes that normally take place between the blood and the air in the lung tissue.While in the machine,the blood is also deformed to be sure that all air bubbles are removed,since such bubbles could be fatal to the patient byobstructing blood vessels.An electric motor in the machine serves as a pump during the surgical procedure to distribute the processed blood throughout the body by means of the artery mentioned above.3 Diseased valves may become deformed and scarred from endocarditis so that they are ineffective and often obstructive.In some cases a special small knife can be inserted into the heart chamber and the valve can be cut so that it no longer obstructs the blood flow. The valve may even become partially functional.In other cases there may be so much damage that replacement is the only resort. Substitute valves,made of plastic materials have proved to be a lifesaving measure for many patients.Very thin butterfly valves made of dacron（涤纶）or other synthetic material have also been successfully used.4 Artificial hearts or parts of hearts designed to assist the ventricles in their pumping function have not proved as successful as the artificial valves.However,research continues and it is quite possible that an effective device may soon be ready for use.More spectacular is the transplantation of a human heart from the body of a person who has recently died.Tissues of the donor and the recipient should be as closely matched as possible to avoid rejection by the recipient's antibody mechanism.This rejection syndrome is the most serious problem related to heart transplants.Endocarditis may cause valves to be damaged________.A:and finally they fail to function properlyB:to perform many surgical operations on the chestC:when it passes through the heart-lung machineD:and they no longer obstruct the blood flowE:to match tissues of the donor and the recipientF: when the ineffective valves are replaced by artificial ones
共用题干Obesity:the Scourge of the Western WorldObesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world,delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to state-ments before the opening of the conference一of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries一1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight,and 250 million are obese.Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said:“Obesity is a chronic ill-ness.In Germany,20 percent of the people are already affected,but in Japan only one per-cent.”But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said:“We are living in the new age(but)with the metabolism of a stone-age man.”“I have just been to the United States.It is really terni-ble.A pizza shop is springing up on every corner. We have been overrun by fast food and Co-ca-Cola-ization.”Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said:“Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese,also fifty percent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty percent with adipose tissue complaints.”“Ten percent more weight means thirteen percent more risk of heart disease.Reducing one's weight by ten percent leads to thirteen percent lower blood pressure.”Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs.“Though the health insurance pays for surgery( such as re-ducing the size of the stomach)when the body-mass index is more than 40.That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters.One should start earlier.”Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school.“Child obesity(fat deposits)correlates with the time which children spend in front of TV sets.”The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen percent of obese people lived to the average life ex-pectancy for their population group.What is the correlation between body weight and heart disease and blood pressure?A: Ten percent less body weight means ten percent less risk of heart disease and high blood pressure.B: Thirteen percent more body weight means ten percent more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure.C: The more body weight one gains,the more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure he has.D: The less body weight one gains,the more risk of heart disease and the less risk of high blood pressure he has.
共用题干Surgery Involving the Heart1 The heart-lung machine(pump-oxygenator)is a valuable addition to the modern operating room. This machine has made it possible to perform many operations on the heart and other thoracic organs which could not otherwise be done.There are several types of machines in use,all of which serve as a temporary substitute for the patient's heart and lungs.2 The machine siphons off the blood from the large vessels entering the heart on the right side so that no blood passes through the heart and lungs.The blood is returned to the general circulation for body distribution through one of the large arteries.While passing through the machine,the blood is oxygenated by means of an oxygen inlet,and carbon dioxide is removed by various chemical means.These are the processes that normally take place between the blood and the air in the lung tissue.While in the machine,the blood is also deformed to be sure that all air bubbles are removed,since such bubbles could be fatal to the patient byobstructing blood vessels.An electric motor in the machine serves as a pump during the surgical procedure to distribute the processed blood throughout the body by means of the artery mentioned above.3 Diseased valves may become deformed and scarred from endocarditis so that they are ineffective and often obstructive.In some cases a special small knife can be inserted into the heart chamber and the valve can be cut so that it no longer obstructs the blood flow. The valve may even become partially functional.In other cases there may be so much damage that replacement is the only resort. Substitute valves,made of plastic materials have proved to be a lifesaving measure for many patients.Very thin butterfly valves made of dacron（涤纶）or other synthetic material have also been successfully used.4 Artificial hearts or parts of hearts designed to assist the ventricles in their pumping function have not proved as successful as the artificial valves.However,research continues and it is quite possible that an effective device may soon be ready for use.More spectacular is the transplantation of a human heart from the body of a person who has recently died.Tissues of the donor and the recipient should be as closely matched as possible to avoid rejection by the recipient's antibody mechanism.This rejection syndrome is the most serious problem related to heart transplants.It is extremely important in heart transplantation________.A:and finally they fail to function properlyB:to perform many surgical operations on the chestC:when it passes through the heart-lung machineD:and they no longer obstruct the blood flowE:to match tissues of the donor and the recipientF: when the ineffective valves are replaced by artificial ones
共用题干Surgery Involving the Heart1 The heart-lung machine(pump-oxygenator)is a valuable addition to the modern operating room. This machine has made it possible to perform many operations on the heart and other thoracic organs which could not otherwise be done.There are several types of machines in use,all of which serve as a temporary substitute for the patient's heart and lungs.2 The machine siphons off the blood from the large vessels entering the heart on the right side so that no blood passes through the heart and lungs.The blood is returned to the general circulation for body distribution through one of the large arteries.While passing through the machine,the blood is oxygenated by means of an oxygen inlet,and carbon dioxide is removed by various chemical means.These are the processes that normally take place between the blood and the air in the lung tissue.While in the machine,the blood is also deformed to be sure that all air bubbles are removed,since such bubbles could be fatal to the patient byobstructing blood vessels.An electric motor in the machine serves as a pump during the surgical procedure to distribute the processed blood throughout the body by means of the artery mentioned above.3 Diseased valves may become deformed and scarred from endocarditis so that they are ineffective and often obstructive.In some cases a special small knife can be inserted into the heart chamber and the valve can be cut so that it no longer obstructs the blood flow. The valve may even become partially functional.In other cases there may be so much damage that replacement is the only resort. Substitute valves,made of plastic materials have proved to be a lifesaving measure for many patients.Very thin butterfly valves made of dacron（涤纶）or other synthetic material have also been successfully used.4 Artificial hearts or parts of hearts designed to assist the ventricles in their pumping function have not proved as successful as the artificial valves.However,research continues and it is quite possible that an effective device may soon be ready for use.More spectacular is the transplantation of a human heart from the body of a person who has recently died.Tissues of the donor and the recipient should be as closely matched as possible to avoid rejection by the recipient's antibody mechanism.This rejection syndrome is the most serious problem related to heart transplants.The blood is oxygenated and carbon dioxide in it is removed________.A:and finally they fail to function properlyB:to perform many surgical operations on the chestC:when it passes through the heart-lung machineD:and they no longer obstruct the blood flowE:to match tissues of the donor and the recipientF: when the ineffective valves are replaced by artificial ones
资料：Why is Salt Bad for You?FRANK LE CLAIR, a 58-year-old provincial government employee living in Winnipeg, had no idea that his blood pressure was too high. While out of town last winter, he came down with a cold and a sore throat and decided to see a local doctor.Apart from checking his cold symptoms, the doctor also gave him a general health-check. The doctor found that Frank’s blood pressure was higher than normal and advised him to see his regular physician as soon as he got home.Le Clair’s physician referred him to the Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre, where dietitians told him that he might be able to control his blood pressure by changing his lifestyle rather than by taking drugs. People with high blood pressure have to control or eliminate four elements: smoking, drinking, food quantities and salt. Le Clair doesn’t smoke or drink, but there were some changes he could make in the other two categories.The most conclusive evidence so far that a high-salt diet is bad for you is the “Intersalt” study, involving 10,000 people in 32 countries. It measured the relationship between urinary sodium excretion -- a direct measure of salt consumption -- and blood pressure. The study found that populations with the lowest sodium excretion also have the lowest blood pressures.Recent studies have shown that “salt sensitivity” is a major factor in the relationship between a high-salt diet and hypertension. And hypertension is a risk factor for two of the biggest killers in this country: coronary heart disease and stroke. Frank Le Clair’s high blood pressure was discovered by chance. There are no warning symptoms -- high blood pressure is known as the silent killer.A high-salt intake triggers a vicious cycle. Those who are used to a lot of salt in their food find they need increasing amounts to be able to continue to taste its flavour --- the more salt they eat, the more they want. It is also an aggravating factor in osteoporosis and is closely linked to stomach cancer. A high salt intake can be dangerous for people with conditions that are aggravated by fluid retention, such as hepatitis, liver or kidney problems.According to the passage, the major causes of death in Frank Le Clair’s country are ______.A.hypertension and high blood pressureB.heart disease and strokeC.liver damage and kidney problemsD.osteoporosis and stomach cancer
资料：Why is Salt Bad for You?FRANK LE CLAIR, a 58-year-old provincial government employee living in Winnipeg, had no idea that his blood pressure was too high. While out of town last winter, he came down with a cold and a sore throat and decided to see a local doctor.Apart from checking his cold symptoms, the doctor also gave him a general health-check. The doctor found that Frank’s blood pressure was higher than normal and advised him to see his regular physician as soon as he got home.Le Clair’s physician referred him to the Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre, where dietitians told him that he might be able to control his blood pressure by changing his lifestyle rather than by taking drugs. People with high blood pressure have to control or eliminate four elements: smoking, drinking, food quantities and salt. Le Clair doesn’t smoke or drink, but there were some changes he could make in the other two categories.The most conclusive evidence so far that a high-salt diet is bad for you is the “Intersalt” study, involving 10,000 people in 32 countries. It measured the relationship between urinary sodium excretion -- a direct measure of salt consumption -- and blood pressure. The study found that populations with the lowest sodium excretion also have the lowest blood pressures.Recent studies have shown that “salt sensitivity” is a major factor in the relationship between a high-salt diet and hypertension. And hypertension is a risk factor for two of the biggest killers in this country: coronary heart disease and stroke. Frank Le Clair’s high blood pressure was discovered by chance. There are no warning symptoms -- high blood pressure is known as the silent killer.A high-salt intake triggers a vicious cycle. Those who are used to a lot of salt in their food find they need increasing amounts to be able to continue to taste its flavour --- the more salt they eat, the more they want. It is also an aggravating factor in osteoporosis and is closely linked to stomach cancer. A high salt intake can be dangerous for people with conditions that are aggravated by fluid retention, such as hepatitis, liver or kidney problems.While out of town last winter, Frank Le Clair felt sick because he ______.A.had a high blood pressureB.ate too muchC.had a cold and a sore throatD.was sensitive to salt
资料：Why is Salt Bad for You?FRANK LE CLAIR, a 58-year-old provincial government employee living in Winnipeg, had no idea that his blood pressure was too high. While out of town last winter, he came down with a cold and a sore throat and decided to see a local doctor.Apart from checking his cold symptoms, the doctor also gave him a general health-check. The doctor found that Frank’s blood pressure was higher than normal and advised him to see his regular physician as soon as he got home.Le Clair’s physician referred him to the Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre, where dietitians told him that he might be able to control his blood pressure by changing his lifestyle rather than by taking drugs. People with high blood pressure have to control or eliminate four elements: smoking, drinking, food quantities and salt. Le Clair doesn’t smoke or drink, but there were some changes he could make in the other two categories.The most conclusive evidence so far that a high-salt diet is bad for you is the “Intersalt” study, involving 10,000 people in 32 countries. It measured the relationship between urinary sodium excretion -- a direct measure of salt consumption -- and blood pressure. The study found that populations with the lowest sodium excretion also have the lowest blood pressures.Recent studies have shown that “salt sensitivity” is a major factor in the relationship between a high-salt diet and hypertension. And hypertension is a risk factor for two of the biggest killers in this country: coronary heart disease and stroke. Frank Le Clair’s high blood pressure was discovered by chance. There are no warning symptoms -- high blood pressure is known as the silent killer.A high-salt intake triggers a vicious cycle. Those who are used to a lot of salt in their food find they need increasing amounts to be able to continue to taste its flavour --- the more salt they eat, the more they want. It is also an aggravating factor in osteoporosis and is closely linked to stomach cancer. A high salt intake can be dangerous for people with conditions that are aggravated by fluid retention, such as hepatitis, liver or kidney problems.Frank Le Clair was advised by ______ to adjust his lifestyle.A.his family doctorB.a heart specialistC.research scientistsD.a nutrition expert
资料：Why is Salt Bad for You?FRANK LE CLAIR, a 58-year-old provincial government employee living in Winnipeg, had no idea that his blood pressure was too high. While out of town last winter, he came down with a cold and a sore throat and decided to see a local doctor.Apart from checking his cold symptoms, the doctor also gave him a general health-check. The doctor found that Frank’s blood pressure was higher than normal and advised him to see his regular physician as soon as he got home.Le Clair’s physician referred him to the Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre, where dietitians told him that he might be able to control his blood pressure by changing his lifestyle rather than by taking drugs. People with high blood pressure have to control or eliminate four elements: smoking, drinking, food quantities and salt. Le Clair doesn’t smoke or drink, but there were some changes he could make in the other two categories.The most conclusive evidence so far that a high-salt diet is bad for you is the “Intersalt” study, involving 10,000 people in 32 countries. It measured the relationship between urinary sodium excretion -- a direct measure of salt consumption -- and blood pressure. The study found that populations with the lowest sodium excretion also have the lowest blood pressures.Recent studies have shown that “salt sensitivity” is a major factor in the relationship between a high-salt diet and hypertension. And hypertension is a risk factor for two of the biggest killers in this country: coronary heart disease and stroke. Frank Le Clair’s high blood pressure was discovered by chance. There are no warning symptoms -- high blood pressure is known as the silent killer.A high-salt intake triggers a vicious cycle. Those who are used to a lot of salt in their food find they need increasing amounts to be able to continue to taste its flavour --- the more salt they eat, the more they want. It is also an aggravating factor in osteoporosis and is closely linked to stomach cancer. A high salt intake can be dangerous for people with conditions that are aggravated by fluid retention, such as hepatitis, liver or kidney problems.Recent research studies have shown that ______.A.salt consumption leads to a strokeB.sodium excreted in urine is a measure of salt intakeC.an increase in blood pressure causes an increase in salt consumptionD.the higher the sodium in urine, the greater the chance of hypertension
资料：Why is Salt Bad for You?FRANK LE CLAIR, a 58-year-old provincial government employee living in Winnipeg, had no idea that his blood pressure was too high. While out of town last winter, he came down with a cold and a sore throat and decided to see a local doctor.Apart from checking his cold symptoms, the doctor also gave him a general health-check. The doctor found that Frank’s blood pressure was higher than normal and advised him to see his regular physician as soon as he got home.Le Clair’s physician referred him to the Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre, where dietitians told him that he might be able to control his blood pressure by changing his lifestyle rather than by taking drugs. People with high blood pressure have to control or eliminate four elements: smoking, drinking, food quantities and salt. Le Clair doesn’t smoke or drink, but there were some changes he could make in the other two categories.The most conclusive evidence so far that a high-salt diet is bad for you is the “Intersalt” study, involving 10,000 people in 32 countries. It measured the relationship between urinary sodium excretion -- a direct measure of salt consumption -- and blood pressure. The study found that populations with the lowest sodium excretion also have the lowest blood pressures.Recent studies have shown that “salt sensitivity” is a major factor in the relationship between a high-salt diet and hypertension. And hypertension is a risk factor for two of the biggest killers in this country: coronary heart disease and stroke. Frank Le Clair’s high blood pressure was discovered by chance. There are no warning symptoms -- high blood pressure is known as the silent killer.A high-salt intake triggers a vicious cycle. Those who are used to a lot of salt in their food find they need increasing amounts to be able to continue to taste its flavour --- the more salt they eat, the more they want. It is also an aggravating factor in osteoporosis and is closely linked to stomach cancer. A high salt intake can be dangerous for people with conditions that are aggravated by fluid retention, such as hepatitis, liver or kidney problems.To reduce his high blood pressure, Frank Le Clair should ______.A.give up cigarettes and alcoholB.reduce his food intake and salt consumptionC.give up alcohol and reduce his salt consumptionD.give up cigarettes and reduce his food intake
根据以下材料，回答题People have smoked cigarettes for a longtime now. The tobacco which is used to make cigarettes was first grown in whatis now part of the United States. Christopher Columbus, who discovered America,saw the Indians smoking. Soon the dried leaves were transported to Europe. In thelate 1800s, the Turks made cigarettes popular.Cigarette smoke contains at least twoharmful substances, tar and nicotine. Tar, which forms as the tobacco burns,damages the lungs and therefore affects breathing. Nicotine, which is found inthe leaves, causes the heart to beat faster and increases the breathing rate.Nicotine in large can kill a person by stopping a person′s breathing muscles.Smokers usually take in small amounts that the body can quickly break down.Nicotine can make new smokers feel dizzy (头晕) or sick to theirstomachs. The heart rate for young smokers increases 2 to 3 beats per minute.Nicotine also lowers skin temperature and reduces blood flow in the legs andfeet. It plays an important role in increasing smokers′ risk of heart disease andstroke.Smoking cigarettes is dangerous. Cigarettesmoking was the cause of lung cancer and several other deadly diseases. ______doesn′t make one′s heart beat asusual.查看材料A.TarB.NicotineC.Lung diseaseD.Leave
单选题Which of the following problems represent one possible cause of high lube oil consumption in a four stroke diesel engine?（）AWorn intake valve guidesBPitted pre-combustion chambersCLoose valve tappetsDHigh exhaust back pressure
单选题Eating too much fat can devote to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.Aattribute toBattend toCdistribute toDcontribute to
单选题One cause of high head pressure occurring in a refrigeration system can be （）.Ainsufficient cooling water flow to the condenserBa low refrigerant charge in the systemCthe liquid valve is open too muchDhigh evaporator superheat
单选题As is well known, eating too much fat can _____ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.Aadd toBattend toCcontribute toDapply to
单选题The direction of the surface wind is（）.Adirectly from high pressure toward low pressureBdirectly from low pressure toward high pressureCfrom high pressure toward low pressure deflected by the earth's rotationDfrom low pressure toward high pressure deflected by the earth's rotation
单选题If you have high blood pressure, you should _____ eating too much salt.AescapeBsuggestCavoidDrelieve