共用题干Screen Test1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough,the disease can often be treated successfully.According to a survey published last year,2 1 countries have screening programs.Nine of them,including Australia,Canada,the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial,partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also,younger women must be given higher doses of X-raysbecause their breast tissue is denser.3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analyzed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics.After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation,they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4 The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)predicted that the screening program would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women,18 of them fatal.The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is"not very significant"compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.The Valencia program,they say,detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less radiation.The results of their study,they suggest,could help"optimize the technique"for breast cancer screening.7 "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits Michael Clark of the NRPB.But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."On the basis of the current data,for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life.That'S why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening program."Paragraph 2__________A:Harm Screening May Do to a Younger WomanB:Investigating the Effect of ScreeningC:Effects Predicted by Two Different ModelsD:Small Risk of Inducing Cancers From RadiationE:Treatment of CancersF:Factors That Trigger Cancers
共用题干
Screen Test
1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this
happens early enough,the disease can often be treated successfully.According to a survey published last
year,2 1 countries have screening programs.Nine of them,including Australia,Canada,the US and Spain,
screen women under 50.
2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial,partly because the
radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also,younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays
because their breast tissue is denser.
3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analyzed the effect of screening more than
160,000 women at 11 local clinics.After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation,they used
two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.
4 The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board
(NRPB)predicted that the screening program would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women,18 of them
fatal.The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower
figure of 20 cancers.
5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is"not very significant"compared
to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.The Valencia program,they say,detects
between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.
6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by
between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less
radiation.The results of their study,they suggest,could help"optimize the technique"for breast cancer
screening.
7 "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits
Michael Clark of the NRPB.But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."On the basis of
the current data,for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later
in life.That'S why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening program."
Screen Test
1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this
happens early enough,the disease can often be treated successfully.According to a survey published last
year,2 1 countries have screening programs.Nine of them,including Australia,Canada,the US and Spain,
screen women under 50.
2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial,partly because the
radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also,younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays
because their breast tissue is denser.
3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analyzed the effect of screening more than
160,000 women at 11 local clinics.After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation,they used
two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.
4 The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board
(NRPB)predicted that the screening program would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women,18 of them
fatal.The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower
figure of 20 cancers.
5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is"not very significant"compared
to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.The Valencia program,they say,detects
between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.
6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by
between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less
radiation.The results of their study,they suggest,could help"optimize the technique"for breast cancer
screening.
7 "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits
Michael Clark of the NRPB.But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."On the basis of
the current data,for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later
in life.That'S why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening program."
Paragraph 2__________
A:Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman
B:Investigating the Effect of Screening
C:Effects Predicted by Two Different Models
D:Small Risk of Inducing Cancers From Radiation
E:Treatment of Cancers
F:Factors That Trigger Cancers
A:Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman
B:Investigating the Effect of Screening
C:Effects Predicted by Two Different Models
D:Small Risk of Inducing Cancers From Radiation
E:Treatment of Cancers
F:Factors That Trigger Cancers
参考解析
解析：由文章第二段内容可知：用X射线检查年轻女士是有争议的，部分原因是辐射有诱发 癌症的危险。另外，年轻女士乳房组织紧密，给予的X射线的剂量要多一些，这对她们有害。
第三段的第一句话是这么说的：Valencia理工大学的研究人员分析了11个社区诊所用 X射线检查16万名以上女士的结果。这也是本段的主旨句。
第四段的主要内容是，两种不同的数学模型在预测用X射线检查女士诱发癌症方面的 结果是不一样的。C项对这段话进行了概括。
由第五段第一句话“The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is 'not very significant' compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.”可知， 研究人员认为，与发现后接受治疗的癌症数字相比，由辐射诱发癌症的数字是微不足道的。
由文章第一段第二句“If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully.”可知，乳腺癌发现得早也许能挽救生命。
由文章第二段第一句“But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial...”可知，用x射线检查年轻女士，就医学上的好处而论，是有争议的。
由文章第六段第一句话可知，延缓用x射线检查的年龄也许能减少辐射诱发癌症的 危险。
由文章最后一段的末句“That' s why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening program.”可知，F为正确答案。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 本篇文章主要讲述了轮班工作对工人身体健康的多种危害，同时建议人们怎样做以降低轮 班工作的危害程度。
第三段的第一句话是这么说的：Valencia理工大学的研究人员分析了11个社区诊所用 X射线检查16万名以上女士的结果。这也是本段的主旨句。
第四段的主要内容是，两种不同的数学模型在预测用X射线检查女士诱发癌症方面的 结果是不一样的。C项对这段话进行了概括。
由第五段第一句话“The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is 'not very significant' compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.”可知， 研究人员认为，与发现后接受治疗的癌症数字相比，由辐射诱发癌症的数字是微不足道的。
由文章第一段第二句“If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully.”可知，乳腺癌发现得早也许能挽救生命。
由文章第二段第一句“But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial...”可知，用x射线检查年轻女士，就医学上的好处而论，是有争议的。
由文章第六段第一句话可知，延缓用x射线检查的年龄也许能减少辐射诱发癌症的 危险。
由文章最后一段的末句“That' s why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening program.”可知，F为正确答案。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 本篇文章主要讲述了轮班工作对工人身体健康的多种危害，同时建议人们怎样做以降低轮 班工作的危害程度。
相关考题：
Admiralty Notices to Mariners are published ______.A.every dayB.every weekC.every monthD.every year
共用题干第二篇Sino-Japan Animosity（敌意）LessensChinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year,according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO（非营利性的组织）,a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations.It also found an overwhelming agreement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were important.The survey is a part of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum,an annual gathering of senior government officials and representatives from Chinese and Japanese NGOs（非政府组织）designed to improve communication and understanding between the Iwo countries.Conducted every year for five years now,the survey focused on two different groups of people:ordinary citizens,and intellectuals.In China,the intellectual group was comprised mainly of university students from well-known schools like Peking University.In Japan,the intellectual group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO.Among ordinary Chinese polled,35.7 percent said they have"very good"or"relatively good" impressions of Japan,a 5.5-percentage-point increase compared with last year. 45.2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan,two percentage points more than last year. Only 26.6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China,however.Still,an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese relations were "important"and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other.But 51.9 percent of ordinary people and 42.4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan,64.8 percent of those ordinary people and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties thisyear.Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations,the survey found.What concerns the Chinese most are historical issues:visits by Japanese officials to YasukuniShrine（靖国神社）,and the Nanjing Massacre（大屠杀）.Perceptions on economic and trade relations have improved,though.About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been"helpful"this year in fighting the global economic crisis,compared with just 30 percent last year. The percent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 65.8 percent to 81.4 percent this year.Cooperation in East Asia issues,trade and investment,energy,the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings,the survey found.Civil exchanges were regarded by most people from both countries as an important way to improve relations.90. 7 percent of the students and 85.7 percent of the ordinary people in China and 95.8% of intellectuals and 74.8% of the ordinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as"important"or"relatively important".Chinese and Japanese both learn about each other's country mostly through television news and newspapers,the survey found.Which of the following statements about the survey is true?A:The survey was conducted on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.B:The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily,Genron NPO and the American Council on Foreign Relations.C:The survey found that people in both China and Japan generally agree that the relationship between the two countries is important.D:The survey mainly focused on two different groups of people:ordinary citizens,and the university students.
共用题干第二篇Sino-Japan Animosity（敌意）LessensChinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year,according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO（非营利性的组织）,a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations.It also found an overwhelming agreement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were important.The survey is a part of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum,an annual gathering of senior government officials and representatives from Chinese and Japanese NGOs（非政府组织）designed to improve communication and understanding between the Iwo countries.Conducted every year for five years now,the survey focused on two different groups of people:ordinary citizens,and intellectuals.In China,the intellectual group was comprised mainly of university students from well-known schools like Peking University.In Japan,the intellectual group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO.Among ordinary Chinese polled,35.7 percent said they have"very good"or"relatively good" impressions of Japan,a 5.5-percentage-point increase compared with last year. 45.2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan,two percentage points more than last year. Only 26.6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China,however.Still,an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese relations were "important"and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other.But 51.9 percent of ordinary people and 42.4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan,64.8 percent of those ordinary people and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties thisyear.Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations,the survey found.What concerns the Chinese most are historical issues:visits by Japanese officials to YasukuniShrine（靖国神社）,and the Nanjing Massacre（大屠杀）.Perceptions on economic and trade relations have improved,though.About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been"helpful"this year in fighting the global economic crisis,compared with just 30 percent last year. The percent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 65.8 percent to 81.4 percent this year.Cooperation in East Asia issues,trade and investment,energy,the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings,the survey found.Civil exchanges were regarded by most people from both countries as an important way to improve relations.90. 7 percent of the students and 85.7 percent of the ordinary people in China and 95.8% of intellectuals and 74.8% of the ordinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as"important"or"relatively important".Chinese and Japanese both learn about each other's country mostly through television news and newspapers,the survey found.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a major obstacle to improving bilateral ties?A:Territorial disputes.B:Trade frictions.C:Visits by Japanese omcials to Yasukuni Shrine.D:The Nanjing Massacre.
共用题干第二篇Sino-Japan Animosity（敌意）LessensChinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year,according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO（非营利性的组织）,a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations.It also found an overwhelming agreement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were important.The survey is a part of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum,an annual gathering of senior government officials and representatives from Chinese and Japanese NGOs（非政府组织）designed to improve communication and understanding between the Iwo countries.Conducted every year for five years now,the survey focused on two different groups of people:ordinary citizens,and intellectuals.In China,the intellectual group was comprised mainly of university students from well-known schools like Peking University.In Japan,the intellectual group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO.Among ordinary Chinese polled,35.7 percent said they have"very good"or"relatively good" impressions of Japan,a 5.5-percentage-point increase compared with last year. 45.2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan,two percentage points more than last year. Only 26.6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China,however.Still,an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese relations were "important"and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other.But 51.9 percent of ordinary people and 42.4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan,64.8 percent of those ordinary people and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties thisyear.Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations,the survey found.What concerns the Chinese most are historical issues:visits by Japanese officials to YasukuniShrine（靖国神社）,and the Nanjing Massacre（大屠杀）.Perceptions on economic and trade relations have improved,though.About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been"helpful"this year in fighting the global economic crisis,compared with just 30 percent last year. The percent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 65.8 percent to 81.4 percent this year.Cooperation in East Asia issues,trade and investment,energy,the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings,the survey found.Civil exchanges were regarded by most people from both countries as an important way to improve relations.90. 7 percent of the students and 85.7 percent of the ordinary people in China and 95.8% of intellectuals and 74.8% of the ordinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as"important"or"relatively important".Chinese and Japanese both learn about each other's country mostly through television news and newspapers,the survey found.According to the passage,the Beijing-Tokyo Forum________.A:is held every year in BeijingB:aims at promoting communication between the two countriesC:mainly attracts representatives from the governments of the two countriesD:releases a survey on Sino-Japanese relations every five years
共用题干第二篇Sino-Japan Animosity（敌意）LessensChinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year,according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO（非营利性的组织）,a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations.It also found an overwhelming agreement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were important.The survey is a part of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum,an annual gathering of senior government officials and representatives from Chinese and Japanese NGOs（非政府组织）designed to improve communication and understanding between the Iwo countries.Conducted every year for five years now,the survey focused on two different groups of people:ordinary citizens,and intellectuals.In China,the intellectual group was comprised mainly of university students from well-known schools like Peking University.In Japan,the intellectual group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO.Among ordinary Chinese polled,35.7 percent said they have"very good"or"relatively good" impressions of Japan,a 5.5-percentage-point increase compared with last year. 45.2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan,two percentage points more than last year. Only 26.6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China,however.Still,an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese relations were "important"and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other.But 51.9 percent of ordinary people and 42.4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan,64.8 percent of those ordinary people and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties thisyear.Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations,the survey found.What concerns the Chinese most are historical issues:visits by Japanese officials to YasukuniShrine（靖国神社）,and the Nanjing Massacre（大屠杀）.Perceptions on economic and trade relations have improved,though.About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been"helpful"this year in fighting the global economic crisis,compared with just 30 percent last year. The percent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 65.8 percent to 81.4 percent this year.Cooperation in East Asia issues,trade and investment,energy,the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings,the survey found.Civil exchanges were regarded by most people from both countries as an important way to improve relations.90. 7 percent of the students and 85.7 percent of the ordinary people in China and 95.8% of intellectuals and 74.8% of the ordinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as"important"or"relatively important".Chinese and Japanese both learn about each other's country mostly through television news and newspapers,the survey found.The survey found that________.A:most Japanese had good or relatively good impressions of ChinaB:the bilateral relationship was perceived as being improved over last year by the majority of respondentsfrom both countriesC:an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country believed that the civil exchanges werean important way to improve relationsD:the territorial issue ranked among the top list of common concerns that people in both countries want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings
共用题干第二篇Sino-Japan Animosity（敌意）LessensChinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year,according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO（非营利性的组织）,a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations.It also found an overwhelming agreement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were important.The survey is a part of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum,an annual gathering of senior government officials and representatives from Chinese and Japanese NGOs（非政府组织）designed to improve communication and understanding between the Iwo countries.Conducted every year for five years now,the survey focused on two different groups of people:ordinary citizens,and intellectuals.In China,the intellectual group was comprised mainly of university students from well-known schools like Peking University.In Japan,the intellectual group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO.Among ordinary Chinese polled,35.7 percent said they have"very good"or"relatively good" impressions of Japan,a 5.5-percentage-point increase compared with last year. 45.2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan,two percentage points more than last year. Only 26.6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China,however.Still,an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese relations were "important"and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other.But 51.9 percent of ordinary people and 42.4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan,64.8 percent of those ordinary people and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties thisyear.Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations,the survey found.What concerns the Chinese most are historical issues:visits by Japanese officials to YasukuniShrine（靖国神社）,and the Nanjing Massacre（大屠杀）.Perceptions on economic and trade relations have improved,though.About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been"helpful"this year in fighting the global economic crisis,compared with just 30 percent last year. The percent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 65.8 percent to 81.4 percent this year.Cooperation in East Asia issues,trade and investment,energy,the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings,the survey found.Civil exchanges were regarded by most people from both countries as an important way to improve relations.90. 7 percent of the students and 85.7 percent of the ordinary people in China and 95.8% of intellectuals and 74.8% of the ordinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as"important"or"relatively important".Chinese and Japanese both learn about each other's country mostly through television news and newspapers,the survey found.In the last year,_______% of ordinary Chinese and_________% of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan.A:35.7;45.2B:51.9;42.4.C:5.5;26.6D:30.2;43.2
Every year gray whales migrate from the Bering Sea in Alaska to the Baja Peninsula in Mexico.Eleven gray whales have died in the San Francisco Bay in the last three weeks．No one knows why the whales are dying.Last year 270 whales died along the whales'migration route．Many people think starvation is the cause．This year the dead whales seem to have more blubber(fat)on them.Twenty years ago,the gray whale was listed as an endangered species.Some scientists think that the larger number of whales makes it hard to find enough food．More whales create more pressure on the food supply,a supply that some scientists say may have dwindled as a result of the warm waters of El Nino.Most of the whales have been dead for many days before they are found and studied．This makes it hard to find the reason for death.65 whales have been seen in the San Francisco Bay Area this year compared to 17 last year．The whales could be dying from many diseases,but it may be over-population．Why might the increasing number of whales cause problems with their health?A.There's not enough room for them in AlaskB.There may not be enough food for them in AlaskC.They get pushed ashorD.There are more whales to spread diseas
Every year gray whales migrate from the Bering Sea in Alaska to the Baja Peninsula in Mexico.Eleven gray whales have died in the San Francisco Bay in the last three weeks．No one knows why the whales are dying.Last year 270 whales died along the whales'migration route．Many people think starvation is the cause．This year the dead whales seem to have more blubber(fat)on them.Twenty years ago,the gray whale was listed as an endangered species.Some scientists think that the larger number of whales makes it hard to find enough food．More whales create more pressure on the food supply,a supply that some scientists say may have dwindled as a result of the warm waters of El Nino.Most of the whales have been dead for many days before they are found and studied．This makes it hard to find the reason for death.65 whales have been seen in the San Francisco Bay Area this year compared to 17 last year．The whales could be dying from many diseases,but it may be over-population．About how many more whales have been sighted in the San Francisco Bay this year compared to last year?A.Twice as manB.Three times as manC.Half as manD.About the sam
共用题干Survey Found Many Women Misinformed About Cancer Sixty-three percent of American women think that if there's no family history of cancer,they're not likely to develop the disease,a new survey found. In fact,most people who develop cancer have no family history of cancer,according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ( ACOG)（美国妇产科医师学会）,which sponsored the survey. "Too many women are dying from cancer,"Dr.Douglas W.Laube,ACOG's immediate past president, said during a Friday teleconference."An estimated 200,070 women will die in the U.S.this year,and over 600 , 078 women will be diagnosed with cancer.The results of this survey found a worrisome（令人担忧的） gap in women's knowledge about cancer." Based on the findings,ACOG is increasing its efforts to educate women about cancer and the need for regular screening tests. Although the survey found many misconceptions（错误观念）about cancer , 76 percent of women surveyed did say they feel knowledgeable about how they can reduce their risk of the disease. However,only 52 percent said they were doing enough to reduce that risk.And 10 percent said they hadn't done anything in the past years to lower their risk.17 percent said they wouldn't change their lifestyles, even if changes would lower their cancer risk. Many women said they were afraid to undergo screening out of fear of finding cancer.Twenty percent said they didn't want to know if they had cancer. In response to these findings,ACOG will launch on Oct.29 a new website-Protect & Detect:What Women Should Know about Cancer.The guide is designed to help women to take charge of their health and improve their understanding of their risk of cancer-and the lifestyle steps they can take to cut that risk.Some American women are just unwilling to change their lifestyles.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Survey Found Many Women Misinformed About Cancer Sixty-three percent of American women think that if there's no family history of cancer,they're not likely to develop the disease,a new survey found. In fact,most people who develop cancer have no family history of cancer,according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ( ACOG)（美国妇产科医师学会）,which sponsored the survey. "Too many women are dying from cancer,"Dr.Douglas W.Laube,ACOG's immediate past president, said during a Friday teleconference."An estimated 200,070 women will die in the U.S.this year,and over 600 , 078 women will be diagnosed with cancer.The results of this survey found a worrisome（令人担忧的） gap in women's knowledge about cancer." Based on the findings,ACOG is increasing its efforts to educate women about cancer and the need for regular screening tests. Although the survey found many misconceptions（错误观念）about cancer , 76 percent of women surveyed did say they feel knowledgeable about how they can reduce their risk of the disease. However,only 52 percent said they were doing enough to reduce that risk.And 10 percent said they hadn't done anything in the past years to lower their risk.17 percent said they wouldn't change their lifestyles, even if changes would lower their cancer risk. Many women said they were afraid to undergo screening out of fear of finding cancer.Twenty percent said they didn't want to know if they had cancer. In response to these findings,ACOG will launch on Oct.29 a new website-Protect & Detect:What Women Should Know about Cancer.The guide is designed to help women to take charge of their health and improve their understanding of their risk of cancer-and the lifestyle steps they can take to cut that risk.Some American women are too afraid of finding cancer to undergo screening.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干U.S.Signs Global Tobacco Treaty 1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world.Health and Human Services Secretary, Tommy Thompson, signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(FCTC)this week at the United Nations.The Senate must still approve the treaty before the U.S.can implement its provisions. 2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly,including the United States,last year.Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies. 3 For instance,cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack.The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes,restrictions on smoking in public places,and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs.It also requires bans on tobacco advertising,though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States,where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban. 4 The impact of the treaty could be huge.The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year.In the U.S.alone,about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses;about one-third of all cancers in the U.S.are caused by tobacco use.If current trends continue,WHO estimates,by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year. 5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect.So far,109 countries have signed it,and 1 2 have ratified it.Paragraph 4______A:What the FCTC DemandsB:U.S.Signing of the FCTCC:Opposition to the FCTCD:How the FCTC Came Into BeingE:What the FCTC Will Bring AboutF:Ratification of the FCTC
共用题干U.S.Signs Global Tobacco Treaty 1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world.Health and Human Services Secretary, Tommy Thompson, signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(FCTC)this week at the United Nations.The Senate must still approve the treaty before the U.S.can implement its provisions. 2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly,including the United States,last year.Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies. 3 For instance,cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack.The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes,restrictions on smoking in public places,and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs.It also requires bans on tobacco advertising,though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States,where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban. 4 The impact of the treaty could be huge.The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year.In the U.S.alone,about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses;about one-third of all cancers in the U.S.are caused by tobacco use.If current trends continue,WHO estimates,by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year. 5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect.So far,109 countries have signed it,and 1 2 have ratified it.It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths______.A:have ratified itB:approving itC:implement its provisionsD:restrict smoking in public placesE:caused by tobacco useF:including higher tobacco taxes
共用题干U.S.Signs Global Tobacco Treaty 1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world.Health and Human Services Secretary, Tommy Thompson, signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(FCTC)this week at the United Nations.The Senate must still approve the treaty before the U.S.can implement its provisions. 2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly,including the United States,last year.Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies. 3 For instance,cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack.The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes,restrictions on smoking in public places,and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs.It also requires bans on tobacco advertising,though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States,where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban. 4 The impact of the treaty could be huge.The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year.In the U.S.alone,about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses;about one-third of all cancers in the U.S.are caused by tobacco use.If current trends continue,WHO estimates,by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year. 5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect.So far,109 countries have signed it,and 1 2 have ratified it.Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to,among other things,______.A:have ratified itB:approving itC:implement its provisionsD:restrict smoking in public placesE:caused by tobacco useF:including higher tobacco taxes
US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty【美国签订了全球烟草协议】 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. ____(46) The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly，including the United States，last year. ______(47) For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack. _____(48) It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban. ______(49)The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year. The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect. ______(50)文章(41~45)A.Tobacco stocks also perked up as investors discounted fears of litigation(诉讼) from the USB. So far，109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.C. The impact of the treaty could be huge.D. Countries that ratify(批准) it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies.E.The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs.F. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions.
共用题干U.S.Signs Global Tobacco Treaty 1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world.Health and Human Services Secretary, Tommy Thompson, signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(FCTC)this week at the United Nations.The Senate must still approve the treaty before the U.S.can implement its provisions. 2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly,including the United States,last year.Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies. 3 For instance,cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack.The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes,restrictions on smoking in public places,and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs.It also requires bans on tobacco advertising,though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States,where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban. 4 The impact of the treaty could be huge.The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year.In the U.S.alone,about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses;about one-third of all cancers in the U.S.are caused by tobacco use.If current trends continue,WHO estimates,by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year. 5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect.So far,109 countries have signed it,and 1 2 have ratified it.Paragraph 2______A:What the FCTC DemandsB:U.S.Signing of the FCTCC:Opposition to the FCTCD:How the FCTC Came Into BeingE:What the FCTC Will Bring AboutF:Ratification of the FCTC
共用题干Survey Found Many Women Misinformed About Cancer Sixty-three percent of American women think that if there's no family history of cancer,they're not likely to develop the disease,a new survey found. In fact,most people who develop cancer have no family history of cancer,according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ( ACOG)（美国妇产科医师学会）,which sponsored the survey. "Too many women are dying from cancer,"Dr.Douglas W.Laube,ACOG's immediate past president, said during a Friday teleconference."An estimated 200,070 women will die in the U.S.this year,and over 600 , 078 women will be diagnosed with cancer.The results of this survey found a worrisome（令人担忧的） gap in women's knowledge about cancer." Based on the findings,ACOG is increasing its efforts to educate women about cancer and the need for regular screening tests. Although the survey found many misconceptions（错误观念）about cancer , 76 percent of women surveyed did say they feel knowledgeable about how they can reduce their risk of the disease. However,only 52 percent said they were doing enough to reduce that risk.And 10 percent said they hadn't done anything in the past years to lower their risk.17 percent said they wouldn't change their lifestyles, even if changes would lower their cancer risk. Many women said they were afraid to undergo screening out of fear of finding cancer.Twenty percent said they didn't want to know if they had cancer. In response to these findings,ACOG will launch on Oct.29 a new website-Protect & Detect:What Women Should Know about Cancer.The guide is designed to help women to take charge of their health and improve their understanding of their risk of cancer-and the lifestyle steps they can take to cut that risk.Many American women have a poor knowledge of cancer.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干U.S.Signs Global Tobacco Treaty 1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world.Health and Human Services Secretary, Tommy Thompson, signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(FCTC)this week at the United Nations.The Senate must still approve the treaty before the U.S.can implement its provisions. 2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly,including the United States,last year.Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies. 3 For instance,cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack.The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes,restrictions on smoking in public places,and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs.It also requires bans on tobacco advertising,though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States,where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban. 4 The impact of the treaty could be huge.The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year.In the U.S.alone,about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses;about one-third of all cancers in the U.S.are caused by tobacco use.If current trends continue,WHO estimates,by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year. 5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect.So far,109 countries have signed it,and 1 2 have ratified it.Paragraph 1______A:What the FCTC DemandsB:U.S.Signing of the FCTCC:Opposition to the FCTCD:How the FCTC Came Into BeingE:What the FCTC Will Bring AboutF:Ratification of the FCTC
共用题干Survey Found Many Women Misinformed About Cancer Sixty-three percent of American women think that if there's no family history of cancer,they're not likely to develop the disease,a new survey found. In fact,most people who develop cancer have no family history of cancer,according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ( ACOG)（美国妇产科医师学会）,which sponsored the survey. "Too many women are dying from cancer,"Dr.Douglas W.Laube,ACOG's immediate past president, said during a Friday teleconference."An estimated 200,070 women will die in the U.S.this year,and over 600 , 078 women will be diagnosed with cancer.The results of this survey found a worrisome（令人担忧的） gap in women's knowledge about cancer." Based on the findings,ACOG is increasing its efforts to educate women about cancer and the need for regular screening tests. Although the survey found many misconceptions（错误观念）about cancer , 76 percent of women surveyed did say they feel knowledgeable about how they can reduce their risk of the disease. However,only 52 percent said they were doing enough to reduce that risk.And 10 percent said they hadn't done anything in the past years to lower their risk.17 percent said they wouldn't change their lifestyles, even if changes would lower their cancer risk. Many women said they were afraid to undergo screening out of fear of finding cancer.Twenty percent said they didn't want to know if they had cancer. In response to these findings,ACOG will launch on Oct.29 a new website-Protect & Detect:What Women Should Know about Cancer.The guide is designed to help women to take charge of their health and improve their understanding of their risk of cancer-and the lifestyle steps they can take to cut that risk.People with no family history of cancer are unlikely to develop cancer.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Screen Test1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough,the disease can often be treated successfully.According to a survey published last year,2 1 countries have screening programs.Nine of them,including Australia,Canada,the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial,partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also,younger women must be given higher doses of X-raysbecause their breast tissue is denser.3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analyzed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics.After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation,they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4 The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)predicted that the screening program would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women,18 of them fatal.The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is"not very significant"compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.The Valencia program,they say,detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less radiation.The results of their study,they suggest,could help"optimize the technique"for breast cancer screening.7 "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits Michael Clark of the NRPB.But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."On the basis of the current data,for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life.That'S why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening program."Paragraph 4_________A:Harm Screening May Do to a Younger WomanB:Investigating the Effect of ScreeningC:Effects Predicted by Two Different ModelsD:Small Risk of Inducing Cancers From RadiationE:Treatment of CancersF:Factors That Trigger Cancers
共用题干Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1 97 1一 the year records began一after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson,Cancer Research UK's chief clinician,said,"It's incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years,despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.""Research has played a crucial role in this progress,leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."" The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as the earlier cancer is diagnosed,women are more likely to survive."Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease一a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989,when 15,625 women died.It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.Dr. Sarah Cant,policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer,said,"It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments,breast screening and awareness of the disease.""However,there are still too many women affected and the incidence of the disease is increasing year byyear.,,The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity （肥胖）and alcohol consumption.The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1 97 1一 the year records began一after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson,Cancer Research UK's chief clinician,said,"It's incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years,despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.""Research has played a crucial role in this progress,leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."" The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as the earlier cancer is diagnosed,women are more likely to survive."Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease一a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989,when 15,625 women died.It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.Dr. Sarah Cant,policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer,said,"It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments,breast screening and awareness of the disease.""However,there are still too many women affected and the incidence of the disease is increasing year byyear.,,The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity （肥胖）and alcohol consumption.Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1 97 1一 the year records began一after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson,Cancer Research UK's chief clinician,said,"It's incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years,despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.""Research has played a crucial role in this progress,leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."" The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as the earlier cancer is diagnosed,women are more likely to survive."Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease一a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989,when 15,625 women died.It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.Dr. Sarah Cant,policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer,said,"It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments,breast screening and awareness of the disease.""However,there are still too many women affected and the incidence of the disease is increasing year byyear.,,The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity （肥胖）and alcohol consumption.Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you are first diagnosed.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1 97 1一 the year records began一after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson,Cancer Research UK's chief clinician,said,"It's incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years,despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.""Research has played a crucial role in this progress,leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."" The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as the earlier cancer is diagnosed,women are more likely to survive."Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease一a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989,when 15,625 women died.It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.Dr. Sarah Cant,policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer,said,"It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments,breast screening and awareness of the disease.""However,there are still too many women affected and the incidence of the disease is increasing year byyear.,,The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity （肥胖）and alcohol consumption.11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Screen Test1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough,the disease can often be treated successfully.According to a survey published last year,2 1 countries have screening programs.Nine of them,including Australia,Canada,the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial,partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also,younger women must be given higher doses of X-raysbecause their breast tissue is denser.3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analyzed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics.After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation,they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4 The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)predicted that the screening program would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women,18 of them fatal.The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is"not very significant"compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.The Valencia program,they say,detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less radiation.The results of their study,they suggest,could help"optimize the technique"for breast cancer screening.7 "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits Michael Clark of the NRPB.But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."On the basis of the current data,for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life.That'S why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening program."Advantages of screening women under 50 are_________.A:be costlyB:harmfulC:save a lifeD:still open to debateE:reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF:reduced to the minimum
共用题干Screen Test1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough,the disease can often be treated successfully.According to a survey published last year,2 1 countries have screening programs.Nine of them,including Australia,Canada,the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial,partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also,younger women must be given higher doses of X-raysbecause their breast tissue is denser.3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analyzed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics.After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation,they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4 The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)predicted that the screening program would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women,18 of them fatal.The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is"not very significant"compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.The Valencia program,they say,detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less radiation.The results of their study,they suggest,could help"optimize the technique"for breast cancer screening.7 "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits Michael Clark of the NRPB.But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."On the basis of the current data,for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life.That'S why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening program."Early discovery of breast cancer may________.A:be costlyB:harmfulC:save a lifeD:still open to debateE:reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF:reduced to the minimum
共用题干Screen Test1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough,the disease can often be treated successfully.According to a survey published last year,2 1 countries have screening programs.Nine of them,including Australia,Canada,the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial,partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also,younger women must be given higher doses of X-raysbecause their breast tissue is denser.3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analyzed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics.After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation,they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4 The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)predicted that the screening program would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women,18 of them fatal.The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is"not very significant"compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.The Valencia program,they say,detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less radiation.The results of their study,they suggest,could help"optimize the technique"for breast cancer screening.7 "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits Michael Clark of the NRPB.But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."On the basis of the current data,for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life.That'S why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening program."Radiation exposure should be_________.A:be costlyB:harmfulC:save a lifeD:still open to debateE:reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF:reduced to the minimum
共用题干Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1 97 1一 the year records began一after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson,Cancer Research UK's chief clinician,said,"It's incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years,despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.""Research has played a crucial role in this progress,leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."" The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as the earlier cancer is diagnosed,women are more likely to survive."Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease一a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989,when 15,625 women died.It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.Dr. Sarah Cant,policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer,said,"It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments,breast screening and awareness of the disease.""However,there are still too many women affected and the incidence of the disease is increasing year byyear.,,The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity （肥胖）and alcohol consumption.Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned