名词解释题stem cells, SC (干细胞)
名词解释题
stem cells, SC (干细胞)
参考解析
解析：
暂无解析
相关考题：
对于STEM教育,以下选项中不正确的理解是()。 A、STEM教育强调全社会共同参与教育创新实践B、STEM教育强调跨学科C、STEM教育面向所有学生并培养综合素质D、STEM教育注重传统知识的灌输
提出造血干细胞(hematopoietic stem cell，HSC)概念的依据是A、造血干细胞是由胚胎干细胞发育而来B、维持体内恒定的血细胞数量C、1961年Till等在小鼠体内发现了造血干细胞D、1979年，体外培养人造血祖细胞成功E、采用天然的细胞标志纯化造血干细胞和发展体外造血干细胞培养技术
In medical training standards，seafarers are not required to demonstrate their ability ______．A.to provide medical first aid on boardB.to take charge of medical care on board shipsC.to take immediate effective action in the case of accidents or illness likely to occur on board shipD.to improve cardiac function after transplantation of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
共用题干Clone FarmFactory farming could soon enter a new era of mass production .Companies in the US are developing the technology needed to"clone"chickens on a massive scale.Once a chicken with desirable traits has been bred or genetically engineered,tens of thousands of eggs,which will hatch into identical copies,could roll off the production lines every hour. Billions of clones could be produced each year to supply chicken farms with birds that all grow at the same rate,have the same amount of meat and taste the same.This,at least,is the vision of the US's National Institute of Science and Technology,which has given Origen Therapeutics of Burlingame,California,and Embrex of North Carolina $4 .7 million to help fund research.The prospect has alarmed animal welfare groups,who fear it could increase the suffering of farm birds.That's unlikely to put off the poultry industry,however,which wants disease-resistant birds that grow faster on less food."Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there,"says Mike Fitzgerald of Origen.To meet this demand,Origen aims to"create an animal that is effectively a clone",he says.Normal cloning doesn't work in birds because eggs can't be removed and implanted.Instead,the company is trying to bulk-grow embryonic stem cells taken from fertilized eggs as soon as they're laid."The trick is to culture the cells without them starting to distinguish,so they remain pluripotent,"says Fitzgerald.Using a long-established technique,these donor cells will then be injected into the embryo of a freshly laid,fertilized recipient egg,forming a chick that is a"chimera".Strictly speaking a chimera isn't a clone,because it contains cells from both donor and recipient. But Fitzgerald says it will be enough if,say,95 percent of a chicken's body develops from donor cells."In the poultry world,it doesn't matter if it's not 100 percent."he says.Another challenge for Origen is to scale up production .To do this,it has teamed up with Embrex,which produces machines that can inject vaccines into up to 50,000 eggs an hour. Embrex is now trying to modify the machines to locate the embryo and inject the cells into precisely the right spot without killing it.In future,Origen imagines freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken.If orders come in for a particular strain,millions of eggs could be produced in months or even weeks.At present, maintaining all the varieties the market might call for is too expensive for breeders and it takes years to bread enough chickens to produce the billions of eggs that farmers need. The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT that______.A: farmers can order certain strains of chicken onlyB: Origen can supply all the strains of chicken the market might needC: chicken farmers order certain strains of chicken for economic reasonsD: chicken farmers can be supplied with whatever strain they need
共用题干Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运） more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help thefailing heart work better．All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心室）.Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction ofunder 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.No side effects were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease. Heart failure is more common in the UK than anywhere else in the world.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA,stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure.Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged.They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them(they had also suffered from severe heart failure).The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump（用泵抽运） more blood than the others.According to Professor Robert Kormos,one of the researchers,these results could revolutionize heart treatment.Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit,this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help thefailing heart work better．All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly.The scientists measured their ejection fraction（射血分数）.This is a measure of heart performance;you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle（心室）.Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%.These patients had ejection fraction ofunder 35%. They all had by-pass surgery（搭桥手术）performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle.Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1%while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37. 2%.No side effects were reported.Heart failure is a common problem all over the world.In the UK alone about 650, 000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant.Current treatments relieve the symptoms.This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease. The 20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.Before receiving healthy cells,diseased cells must_________.A:undergo chemotherapyB:go through radiationC:be preparedD:be wrecked
共用题干第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.Healthy stem cells may come from the following sources EXCEPT__________.A:peripheral blood stem cellsB:baby bloodC:bone marrowD:cord blood
共用题干第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.We can infer from this passage that_________.A:bone marrow transplantation requires five proceduresB:bone marrow transplantation is complexC:people with leukemia must need transplantationD:people with cancer must donate bone marrow before treatment
共用题干第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.The new marrow usually comes from__________.A:people with cancerB:a family memberC:an organ donorD:a relative or a stranger
The research at the University of Wisconsin is mentioned to show( ) A.the isolation of stem cells B.the effects of gene therapies C.the advantages of human cloning D.the limitations of tissue replacements
Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？( ) A.The principle of gene therapy is applicable to that of cloning B.The isolation of stem cells is too difficult to be feasible C.It is reasonable for all body instructions to be activated D.Cloned animals will eventually take control of the world
Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？( ) A.The principle of gene therapy is applicable to that of cloning. B.The isolation of stem cells is too difficult to be feasible. C.It is reasonable for all body instructions to be activated. D.Cloned animals will eventually take control of the world.
What is the recommended minimum speed at the edge of the cells in an 802.11g network for a good Cisco VoWLAN deployment?（）A、11 Mb/sB、18 Mb/sC、24 Mb/sD、54 Mb/s
同源重组（homologous recombination）与胚胎干细胞（embryonic stem cell）结合起来，创造了基因打靶技术（gene targeting），并得到基因敲除模型，获得了（）年的诺贝尔奖A、2006B、2007C、2008D、2009
问答题Passage 2 A new form of cloning to provide every baby with an embryonic “twin”, from which spare body parts could be grown and life threatening diseases treated is expected to be approved within weeks by senior government advisers on medical ethics. If their report is accepted by ministers, it would mean that Britain—which 20 years ago pioneered the test tube baby and last year produced Dolly, the world’s first cloned mammal—could be the first to clone a human embryo. A working party from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) and the Human Genetics Advisory Commission is expected to come down firmly against reproductive cloning, the process of replicating a living human being. It is expected to recommend government support of so called stem ceils. Stem cells are extracted and used to grow spare parts, treat diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s or address the debilitating effects of cancer, strokes and heart attacks. Dr Austin Smith, the scientist likely to be granted the first licence for the work, said that within the next 12 years it would be routine for every baby to have an embryonic clone. “All it takes now is financial investment,” said Smith, director of Edinburgh University’s centre for genome research. The crucial discovery of embryonic stem cells, from which skin, bone, muscles, nerves and vital organs grow, was made earlier this month by scientists in America. In a submission to the HFEA, Smith said that in order to isolate these cells it is only necessary for the embryo to develop in the laboratory for six days, well within the 14-day limit of current regulation. The cells would then be grown and manipulated to make anything from blood or brain cells to tissue for repairing damaged organs and, ultimately, parts that could be transplanted without fear of the host body rejecting them. The development is likely to meet strong opposition from the church. Dr Donald Bruce, Director of the Society, Religion and Technology Project of the church of Scotland Said that creating an embryo in the knowledge that it would then be destroyed was “very disturbing” to most people. Father Paul Murray, secretary to the Catholic bishops joint bio-ethics committee, said that whatever the potential benefits, it should be regarded as “intrinsically evil” because the research depended on the use of foetal material. However, Professor Christine Gosden, professor of genetic medicine at Liverpool University, one of the four senior government advisers on the cloning sub-committee, said there would be no opportunity for abuse. For many years, patients with Parkinson’s disease who did not respond to drugs have been treated with brain cells extracted from aborted foetuses, a practice approved by a committee led by the Rev Dr John Polkinghorne, the prominent ethicist. Gosden said the arguments for the use of aborted foetal cells and therapeutic cloning were similar: “Before you have a disease, it is easy to say, ‘I would not use cells derived from a foetus’, but if you suffer from that disease, and that is your only hope, your approach can be quite different.” 1. What is the new form of cloning discussed in the passage? What is the purpose of such cloning? 2. Summarise the different views on embryo cloning discussed in the passage. 3. Explain the statement “All it takes now is financial investment.” in para. 6. 4. What is the significance of the discovery of embryonic stem cells?
多选题涡虫目前被发育生物学和神经系统再生研究广泛选为模式动物，主要是因为：（）A涡虫可以在数天内完成身体任何一部分的再生B涡虫体内有大量的成体干细胞（adult stem cells）C涡虫在各种水体环境中均能表现出很好的再生能力D涡虫在各种水体环境都容易采集到
单选题What is the recommended minimum speed at the edge of the cells in an 802.11g network for a good Cisco VoWLAN deployment?（）A11 Mb/sB18 Mb/sC24 Mb/sD54 Mb/s