问答题

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciationcomparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is thefact that pronunciation is learnt ‘naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography　1．_______is learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remainthroughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech sounds　　　　　　　　　2．_______like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock when we　　　　　　　 　　　　3．_______firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we recognize at once,　　　4．_______whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. We　　　　　　5．_______begin the ‘natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning toread or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and　　　　6．_______practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every　　　 7．_______day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult English spelling.This is ‘natural’, therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our im　　8．_______mediate circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding acommunity and to give a sense of ‘belonging’. We learn quite early to recognize a 9．_______‘stranger’, someone who speaks with an accent of a different community — perhapsonly a few miles far.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　10．_______