问答题Practice 6Why Do We Dream? Our dreams may affect our lives (and vice versa) more than we ever realized, says new research. For 11 years, a 58-year-old anthropologist kept a journal of nearly 500 dreams by a man. By analyzing color patterns in the dreams, Arizona-based researcher Robert Hoss could accurately predict certain things about the man’s emotional state. Hoss correctly identified two separate years when the man experienced crises in his life. The anthropologist confirmed that in1997 he had clashed with a colleague over a management issue, and in 2003 he’d had a falling out with a friend that left deep emotional scars. How was Hoss able to gauge the dreamer’s turmoil? “The clues were in the colors,” he says. The anthropologist’s dominant dream hues were reds and blacks, which spiked during difficult times. “Even without knowing the events in his life,” Hoss observes, “we accurately determined the emotional states based on those colors in his dreams.” Hoss is among a growing group of researchers who, thanks to cutting-edge medical technology and innovative psychological research, are beginning to decipher the secrets hidden in our dreams and the role dreaming plays in our lives. A look at some of their latest discoveries can give us new insights into the language of dreams. Dreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the conscious mind. Dreaming of something you’re worried about, researchers say, is the brain’s way of helping you rehearse for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, like giving a presentation at work or playing sports, can enhance your performance. And cognitive neuroscientists have discovered that dreams and the rapid eye movement (REM) that happens while you’re dreaming are linked to your ability to learn and remember. Dreaming is a “mood regulatory system,” says Rosalind Cartwright, PhD, chairman of the psychology department at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. She’s found that dreams help people work through the day’s emotional quandaries. “It’s like having a built-in therapist,” says Cartwright. While we sleep, dreams compare new emotional experience to old memories, creating plaid-like patterns of old images laid on top of new ones. As she puts it, “You may wake up and think, what was Uncle Harry doing in my dream? I haven’t seen him for 50 years. But the old and new images are emotionally related.” It’s the job of the conscious mind to figure out the relationship. In fact, dream emotions can help therapists treat patients undergoing traumatic life events. In a new study of 30 recently divorced adults, Cartwright tracked their dreams over a five-month period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. “If their dreams were bland,” Cartwright says, “they hadn’t started to work through their emotions and deal with the divorce.” For therapists, this finding will help determine whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away.
问答题
Practice 6Why Do We Dream? Our dreams may affect our lives (and vice versa) more than we ever realized, says new research. For 11 years, a 58-year-old anthropologist kept a journal of nearly 500 dreams by a man. By analyzing color patterns in the dreams, Arizona-based researcher Robert Hoss could accurately predict certain things about the man’s emotional state. Hoss correctly identified two separate years when the man experienced crises in his life. The anthropologist confirmed that in1997 he had clashed with a colleague over a management issue, and in 2003 he’d had a falling out with a friend that left deep emotional scars. How was Hoss able to gauge the dreamer’s turmoil? “The clues were in the colors,” he says. The anthropologist’s dominant dream hues were reds and blacks, which spiked during difficult times. “Even without knowing the events in his life,” Hoss observes, “we accurately determined the emotional states based on those colors in his dreams.” Hoss is among a growing group of researchers who, thanks to cutting-edge medical technology and innovative psychological research, are beginning to decipher the secrets hidden in our dreams and the role dreaming plays in our lives. A look at some of their latest discoveries can give us new insights into the language of dreams. Dreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the conscious mind. Dreaming of something you’re worried about, researchers say, is the brain’s way of helping you rehearse for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, like giving a presentation at work or playing sports, can enhance your performance. And cognitive neuroscientists have discovered that dreams and the rapid eye movement (REM) that happens while you’re dreaming are linked to your ability to learn and remember. Dreaming is a “mood regulatory system,” says Rosalind Cartwright, PhD, chairman of the psychology department at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. She’s found that dreams help people work through the day’s emotional quandaries. “It’s like having a built-in therapist,” says Cartwright. While we sleep, dreams compare new emotional experience to old memories, creating plaid-like patterns of old images laid on top of new ones. As she puts it, “You may wake up and think, what was Uncle Harry doing in my dream? I haven’t seen him for 50 years. But the old and new images are emotionally related.” It’s the job of the conscious mind to figure out the relationship. In fact, dream emotions can help therapists treat patients undergoing traumatic life events. In a new study of 30 recently divorced adults, Cartwright tracked their dreams over a five-month period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. “If their dreams were bland,” Cartwright says, “they hadn’t started to work through their emotions and deal with the divorce.” For therapists, this finding will help determine whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away.
参考解析
解析：
暂无解析
相关考题：
Our dream is the song of our soul. Life without one is reduced to a hollow existence. But life with a dream is filled with meaning and purpose.Most of us have a dream, or heart's desire. But the trouble is most of us have the on/off switch of our dream set to OFF. Whenever we say, I can’t, we set the switch to OFF. Whenever we believe we can, we set the switch to ON. Simple, isn't it? Just because I believe I can do something doesn't mean there won’t be any problems. But once I believe I can do it, I will seek solutions for every problem I stumble on. And since it is a law of life that we find what we look for, if I look for solutions, I will find them.Any worthy dream is a dream worthy of accomplishing. Once I realize I can do it, the next step is to make a commitment. As soon as we make a commitment, great power is released. What seemingly were insurmountable hurdles are now reduced to obstacles of laughable insignificance. But we won’t reach this stage until we decide to stop talking and start acting. Unless we commit ourselves, self-doubt will ferment and block our way.Our dreams don’t have to be grand to be great. An aunt of mine sold gloves in a department store for most of her life. Her dream was to be the friendliest and most helpful salesperson around. Year after year, the same customers would return and deliberately seek her out. She brightened everyone's day and touched the lives of thousands. Was her dream any less significant than that of aprominent person? Of course not. We all have the power to follow a dream that will make a difference to us and those we meet.No dream is too small; no dream is too big, so hold on to your dream. Langston Hughes tells why, Hold fast to dreams, for if dreams die, life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly.So,what are you waiting for? Follow your dream!(1)According to the author, dreams ___________.A、refer to dreams in our sleepB、refer to dreams in the daytimeC、gives meaning and purpose to our lifeD、enables life to be a hollow existence(2)What are the stages in following a dream?A、Setting the switch of our dream on, making a commitment, and releasing the power.B、Setting the switch of our dream on, committing ourselves, and following the dream.C、Believing we can do it, committing ourselves, and acting.D、Believing we can do it, acting and making a commitment.(3)What does the dream of the author's aunt illustrate?A、To illustrate we should commit ourselves and start acting.B、To illustrate our dreams don’t have to be grand to be great.C、To illustrate her dream was to be the friendliest and most helpful salesperson.D、To illustrate we all have the power to follow a dream.(4)Which of the following statements is NOT true?A、Whether the switch of your dream is ON or OFF is left entirely to yourself.B、If we believe we can do it, there won’t be any problems.C、We will find what we look for.D、The author's aunt's dream was not any less significant than that of a prominent person.(5)The passage mainly tells us that __________.A、a dream gives meaning and purpose to our life.B、if dreams die, life will become meaningless.C、we should follow our dream which will make a difference to us and other people.D、a worthy dream is a dream worthy of accomplishing.
Text 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions show up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we waken up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs
The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night
The Chinese dream is the dream of the people. We should try our best to make our dreams ______.A: put offB: pick upC: come trueD: reach out
We spend more time studying on our lessons than we _______ . A. taking exerciseB. take exerciseC. have taken exerciseD. do taking exercise
There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase. Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.Once our goals are drawn up,______. A.we should stick to them until we complete them B.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunities C.we had better wait for the exciting news of success D.we have made great decision
共用题干DreamsEveryone can dream. Indeed,everyone does dream. Those who_________(51)that they never dream atall actually dream_________(52)as frequently as the rest of us,______(53)they may not remember anything about it. Even those of us who are perfectly_________(54)of dreaming night after night very seldom remember those dreams in_________(55)detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seeminglyunrelated _________（56).Dreams are not simply visual一we dream with all our_________(57),so that we appear to experience sound,touch,smell,and taste.One of the world's oldest_________(58)written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams.This volume is about five thousand years old,so you can see_________(59)dreams were believed to have a special significance even then. Many ancient civilizations believed that you_________（60）never wake a sleeping person as,during sleep,the soul had left the body and might not be able to return_________(61)time if the sleeper were suddenly awoken.From ancient times to the present_________(62),people have been making attempts to interpret dreams and to_________(63)their significance. There are many books available on the_________(64)of dream interpretation,although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream _________(65)there are books._________(53)A:thoughB:besidesC:howeverD:despite
Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream ? Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams ? A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night — dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color ? Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ： They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___Do dreams have meaning ? Scientists continue to debate this issue. ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams ? The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.词汇： vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的lid /lid/ n. 眼睑（=eyelid)motive /m utiv/ n. 动机stuffed /st ft/ adj. 填充的，塞满了的注释：1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。2. bring it back：回忆起它来。bring back：使回忆起来，带回来、拿回来，使恢复。3. Scientists continue to debate this issue. 科学家们不断地讨论这个问题。“debate”作动词“争 论，辩论，讨论”讲，既可以是不及物动词也可以是及物动词，作不及物动词时常与 “about/ on/upon” 搭配。练习：A However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are meaningful and useful.B The final REM period may last as long as 45 minutes.C People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams.D Our most powerful dreams don’t happen during deep sleep.E To learn to understand your dreams, think about what each part of the dream means to you or reminds you of.F Sometimes, though, people suddenly remember a dream later in the day or on another day.
共用题干第一篇If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long, would you take it?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date.Scientists have already extended the lives of flies,worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years.This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams,spending time with our loved ones,watching our families grow and have families of their own."Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking,"says Dr Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health."It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war,poverty,all sorts of issues around,and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer,"says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan,"The question is what we will get as a society?I suspect it won't be a better society."It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if 9 or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents,or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected,especially if the retirement age was lifted.More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age一skill,wisdom and good judgment.On the other hand,more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals,making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140.It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people,and more on making life comfortable for the old.And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom,but less energy.Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still.Young people tend to act without thinking.Old people tend to think without acting.Young people are curious and like to experience different things.Old people are less enthusiastic about change.In fact,they are less enthusiastic about everything.The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think.But as the science advances,we need to think about these changes now."If this could ever happen,then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get,"says Daniel Callahan."We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?A:Spending more time with his family.B:Having more education.C:Realizing more dreams.D:Working longer.
共用题干When We Are AsleepEveryone dreams,but some people never recall their dreams,or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections（记忆）of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly.In an average night of eight hours' sleep,an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes,probably having three to five dreams,each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain.During dreaming,these waves move more quickly.Breathing and pulse rate also increase,and there are rapid eye movements under the lids，just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects.These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals（哺乳动物）studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles（爬行动物）.This period of sleep is called the"D"state.Babies experience the"D"state for around 50%of their sleep;the period reduces to around 25%by the age of 10.Dreams take the form of stories,but they may be strange and with incidents not connected,which make little sense.Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know.One estimate says that two-thirds of the"cast"of our dream dramas are friends and relations.Vision seems an essential part of dreams,except for people blind from birth.Sound and touch are senses also often aroused,but smell and taste are not frequently involved.In"normal"dreams,the dreamer may be taking part,or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.However,the dreamer does have control over one type of dream.This type of dream is called a "lucid"（清醒的）dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers.Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time.In a lucid dream,the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.In a lucid dream we can use Morse code to communicate with others.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干When We Are AsleepEveryone dreams,but some people never recall their dreams,or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections（记忆）of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly.In an average night of eight hours' sleep,an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes,probably having three to five dreams,each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain.During dreaming,these waves move more quickly.Breathing and pulse rate also increase,and there are rapid eye movements under the lids，just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects.These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals（哺乳动物）studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles（爬行动物）.This period of sleep is called the"D"state.Babies experience the"D"state for around 50%of their sleep;the period reduces to around 25%by the age of 10.Dreams take the form of stories,but they may be strange and with incidents not connected,which make little sense.Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know.One estimate says that two-thirds of the"cast"of our dream dramas are friends and relations.Vision seems an essential part of dreams,except for people blind from birth.Sound and touch are senses also often aroused,but smell and taste are not frequently involved.In"normal"dreams,the dreamer may be taking part,or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.However,the dreamer does have control over one type of dream.This type of dream is called a "lucid"（清醒的）dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers.Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time.In a lucid dream,the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干When We Are AsleepEveryone dreams,but some people never recall their dreams,or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections（记忆）of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly.In an average night of eight hours' sleep,an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes,probably having three to five dreams,each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain.During dreaming,these waves move more quickly.Breathing and pulse rate also increase,and there are rapid eye movements under the lids，just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects.These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals（哺乳动物）studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles（爬行动物）.This period of sleep is called the"D"state.Babies experience the"D"state for around 50%of their sleep;the period reduces to around 25%by the age of 10.Dreams take the form of stories,but they may be strange and with incidents not connected,which make little sense.Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know.One estimate says that two-thirds of the"cast"of our dream dramas are friends and relations.Vision seems an essential part of dreams,except for people blind from birth.Sound and touch are senses also often aroused,but smell and taste are not frequently involved.In"normal"dreams,the dreamer may be taking part,or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.However,the dreamer does have control over one type of dream.This type of dream is called a "lucid"（清醒的）dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers.Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time.In a lucid dream,the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.When we dream,there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干When We Are AsleepEveryone dreams,but some people never recall their dreams,or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections（记忆）of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly.In an average night of eight hours' sleep,an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes,probably having three to five dreams,each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain.During dreaming,these waves move more quickly.Breathing and pulse rate also increase,and there are rapid eye movements under the lids，just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects.These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals（哺乳动物）studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles（爬行动物）.This period of sleep is called the"D"state.Babies experience the"D"state for around 50%of their sleep;the period reduces to around 25%by the age of 10.Dreams take the form of stories,but they may be strange and with incidents not connected,which make little sense.Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know.One estimate says that two-thirds of the"cast"of our dream dramas are friends and relations.Vision seems an essential part of dreams,except for people blind from birth.Sound and touch are senses also often aroused,but smell and taste are not frequently involved.In"normal"dreams,the dreamer may be taking part,or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.However,the dreamer does have control over one type of dream.This type of dream is called a "lucid"（清醒的）dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers.Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time.In a lucid dream,the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.Babies dream less than older children.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干When We Are AsleepEveryone dreams,but some people never recall their dreams,or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections（记忆）of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly.In an average night of eight hours' sleep,an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes,probably having three to five dreams,each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain.During dreaming,these waves move more quickly.Breathing and pulse rate also increase,and there are rapid eye movements under the lids，just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects.These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals（哺乳动物）studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles（爬行动物）.This period of sleep is called the"D"state.Babies experience the"D"state for around 50%of their sleep;the period reduces to around 25%by the age of 10.Dreams take the form of stories,but they may be strange and with incidents not connected,which make little sense.Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know.One estimate says that two-thirds of the"cast"of our dream dramas are friends and relations.Vision seems an essential part of dreams,except for people blind from birth.Sound and touch are senses also often aroused,but smell and taste are not frequently involved.In"normal"dreams,the dreamer may be taking part,or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.However,the dreamer does have control over one type of dream.This type of dream is called a "lucid"（清醒的）dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers.Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time.In a lucid dream,the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干When We Are AsleepEveryone dreams,but some people never recall their dreams,or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections（记忆）of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly.In an average night of eight hours' sleep,an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes,probably having three to five dreams,each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain.During dreaming,these waves move more quickly.Breathing and pulse rate also increase,and there are rapid eye movements under the lids，just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects.These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals（哺乳动物）studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles（爬行动物）.This period of sleep is called the"D"state.Babies experience the"D"state for around 50%of their sleep;the period reduces to around 25%by the age of 10.Dreams take the form of stories,but they may be strange and with incidents not connected,which make little sense.Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know.One estimate says that two-thirds of the"cast"of our dream dramas are friends and relations.Vision seems an essential part of dreams,except for people blind from birth.Sound and touch are senses also often aroused,but smell and taste are not frequently involved.In"normal"dreams,the dreamer may be taking part,or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.However,the dreamer does have control over one type of dream.This type of dream is called a "lucid"（清醒的）dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers.Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time.In a lucid dream,the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.We rarely smell things in dreams.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
Many experts believe that in the new world of artificial intelligence（AI）human beings will still be needed to do the jobs that require higher-order critical,creative,and innovative thinking and the jobs that require high emotional engagement to meet the needs of other human beings.The 1 for many of us is that we do not excel at those skills because of our natural cognitive and emotional tendencies:We are confirmation-seeking thinkers and ego-affirmation-seeking defensive reasoners.We will need to overcome those tendencies 2 take our thinking,listening,relating,and collaborating skills to a much higher level.This process of_3 begins with changing our definition of what it means to"be smart."4.many of us have achieved success 5 being"smarter"than other people as 6 by grades and test scores,beginning in our early days in school.AI will change that because there is no 7 any human being can outsmart,8.,lBM's Watson,at least without augmentation.Smart machines can process,9,and recall information faster and better than we humans.10,AI can pattern-match faster and produce a wider array of alternatives than we can.AI can even learn fasrer.In an age of smart machines,our old definition of what makes a person smart doesn't 11.What is needed is a new definition of being smart,one that 12 higher levels of human thinking and emotional engagement.The new smart will be determined not by what or how you know 13 by the quality of your thinking,listening,relating,collaborating,and learning.Quantity is 14 by quality.We will spend more time training to be open-minded and learning to update our beliefs in 15 to new data.We will practice 16 after our mistakes,and we will invest more in the skills traditionally 17 with emotional intelligence.The new smart will be about trying to overcome the two big 18 0f critical thinking and team collaboration:our ego and our fears.Doing so will make it easier to perceive reality as it is,rather than as we 19 it to be.In short,we will embrace humility.That is 20 we humans will add value in a world of smart technology,13选？A.butB.orC.ratherD.and
Many experts believe that in the new world of artificial intelligence（AI）human beings will still be needed to do the jobs that require higher-order critical,creative,and innovative thinking and the jobs that require high emotional engagement to meet the needs of other human beings.The 1 for many of us is that we do not excel at those skills because of our natural cognitive and emotional tendencies:We are confirmation-seeking thinkers and ego-affirmation-seeking defensive reasoners.We will need to overcome those tendencies 2 take our thinking,listening,relating,and collaborating skills to a much higher level.This process of_3 begins with changing our definition of what it means to"be smart."4.many of us have achieved success 5 being"smarter"than other people as 6 by grades and test scores,beginning in our early days in school.AI will change that because there is no 7 any human being can outsmart,8.,lBM's Watson,at least without augmentation.Smart machines can process,9,and recall information faster and better than we humans.10,AI can pattern-match faster and produce a wider array of alternatives than we can.AI can even learn fasrer.In an age of smart machines,our old definition of what makes a person smart doesn't 11.What is needed is a new definition of being smart,one that 12 higher levels of human thinking and emotional engagement.The new smart will be determined not by what or how you know 13 by the quality of your thinking,listening,relating,collaborating,and learning.Quantity is 14 by quality.We will spend more time training to be open-minded and learning to update our beliefs in 15 to new data.We will practice 16 after our mistakes,and we will invest more in the skills traditionally 17 with emotional intelligence.The new smart will be about trying to overcome the two big 18 0f critical thinking and team collaboration:our ego and our fears.Doing so will make it easier to perceive reality as it is,rather than as we 19 it to be.In short,we will embrace humility.That is 20 we humans will add value in a world of smart technology,11选？A.follow suitB.fall apartC.stand outD.make sense
资料：Dream is a story that a person watches or even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer's life. They seem real while they are takingplace. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening. Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams.Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. But persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams.Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They include events and feelings that he has experienced. Most dreams are related to events of the day before the dream and strong wishes of the dreamer. Many minor incidents of the hours before sleep appear in dreams. Deep wishes or fears-especially those held since childhood-often appear in dream. and many dreams fulfil such wishes. Events in the sleeper's surrounding-a loud noise, for example, may become part of a dream, but they do not cause dreams. Some dreams involve deep feeling that a person may realize he has. Psychiatrists often use material from a patient’s dreams to help the person understand himself better. Dreaming may help maintain good learning ability, memory, and emotional adjustment. People who get plenty of sleep-but are awakened each time they begin to dream-become anxious and restless.This passage is mainly about______. A.what kind of benefits dreams bring to peopleB.what dreams areC.how we dream during sleepD.why we dream during sleep
资料：Dream is a story that a person watches or even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer's life. They seem real while they are takingplace. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening. Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams.Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. But persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams.Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They include events and feelings that he has experienced. Most dreams are related to events of the day before the dream and strong wishes of the dreamer. Many minor incidents of the hours before sleep appear in dreams. Deep wishes or fears-especially those held since childhood-often appear in dream. and many dreams fulfil such wishes. Events in the sleeper's surrounding-a loud noise, for example, may become part of a dream, but they do not cause dreams. Some dreams involve deep feeling that a person may realize he has. Psychiatrists often use material from a patient’s dreams to help the person understand himself better. Dreaming may help maintain good learning ability, memory, and emotional adjustment. People who get plenty of sleep-but are awakened each time they begin to dream-become anxious and restless.We may infer from the passage that dreaming ______.A.deprives people of a good sleepB.makes people always restlessC.disturbs people’s lifeD.is beneficial to people
There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase. Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.When we complete each step of our goals ,（）.A、we will win final successB、we are overwhelmedC、we should build up confidence of successD、we should strong desire for setting new goals
填空题（） for more than 30 years, we are confident we can give our customers complete satisfaction.
问答题There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciationcomparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is thefact that pronunciation is learnt ‘naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography 1．_______is learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remainthroughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech sounds 2．_______like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock when we 3．_______firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we recognize at once, 4．_______whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. We 5．_______begin the ‘natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning toread or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and 6．_______practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every 7．_______day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult English spelling.This is ‘natural’, therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our im 8．_______mediate circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding acommunity and to give a sense of ‘belonging’. We learn quite early to recognize a 9．_______‘stranger’, someone who speaks with an accent of a different community — perhapsonly a few miles far. 10．_______
问答题Practice 6 In the course of our history, only a handful of generations have been asked to confront challenges as serious as the ones we face right now. But despite all of this—despite the enormity of the task that lies ahead—I stand here today as hopeful as ever that the United States of America will endure, that it will prevail, that the dream of our founders will live on in our time. It is this thread that binds us together in common effort; that runs through every memorial on this mall; that connects us to all those who struggled and sacrificed and stood here before. It is how this nation has overcome the greatest differences and the longest odds—because there is no obstacle that can stand in the way of millions of voices calling for change. There is no doubt that our road will be long, that our climb will be steep. But never forget that the true character of our nation is revealed not during times of comfort and ease, but by the right we do when the moment is hard. I ask you to help reveal that character once more, and together, we can carry forward as one nation, and one people, the legacy of our forefathers that we celebrate today. (We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial)
问答题Practice 4 Directions: Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use your own words. In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The problem is that countries around the world have growing mountains of rubbish because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before. How did we become a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it. Thanks to modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and cheap. Another cause is our love of disposable (一次性的) products. As busy people, we are always looking for ways to save time and make our lives easier. Companies produce thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few. Our appetite for new products also returns to the problem. We are addicted to buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we throw away useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world, we can see the consequences of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. However, this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
问答题Practice 4 The answer is, in a sense, all in our minds. For the last century, our society’s basic drive has been toward more—toward a bigger national economy, toward more stuff for each of us. And it’ s worked. Our economy is enormous; our houses are enormous. We are living large. All that more is created by using cheap energy and hence built on carbon dioxide (CO2)—which makes up 72% of all greenhouse gases. Some pollutants decrease as we get richer. But carbon dioxide consistency tracks economic growth. As Harvard economist Friedman concluded last year, CO2 is “the one major environmental contaminant for which no study has ever found any indication of improvement as living standards rise.” This means that if we’re going to cope with global warming, we may also have to cope with the end of infinite economic expansion. That sounds gloomy, but maybe not. New data suggest that we’ve been overstating the issue for many decades. We made an assumption that more was better. It seemed a reasonable thinking. But in recent years, economists, sociologists and other researchers have begun to question that link. Indeed, they’re finding that at least since the 1950’s, more material prosperity has yielded little increase in humans’ satisfaction.
问答题Practice 10 We learned from your advertisement in Globe Boston that you are an exporter of glass art works and we are availing ourselves of this opportunity to ask you to send us some samples of the advertised products. Our firm is a company engaged in import/ export of arts and crafts. Recent years we have put more interest in glass art works. We are thinking of expanding our business to the US and hope we will establish business relations with you soon.