全国英语等级考试（四级） 题目列表
单选题It can be inferred that Charles Francis Adams Jr. ______.Adevoted his later years to classical educationBwas an advocate of education in historyCwas an opponent to classical educationDregretted diminishing the importance of the distinction
问答题Passage 1 Some people were just born to rebel; Charles Darwin was 1 of them. Likewise Nicholas Copernicus, Benjamin Franklin and Bill Gates. They were 2 “laterborns” —that is, they had at least one older sibling — brother or sister — when they were born. In fact, laterborns are up to 15 times more 3 than firstborns to resist authority and 4 new ground, says Frank J. Sulloway, a researcher scholar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In his book “Born To Rebel” being released this week, Sulloway claims that 5 someone is an older or younger sibling is the most important 6 shaping personality—more significant 7 gender, race, nationality or class. He 8 26 years studying the lives—and birth orders—of 6,566 historical figures to 9 his conclusions. A laterborn himself, Sulloway first posed how birth order 10 personality as a scholar of Darwin at Harvard University. “ 11 could a somewhat commonplace student at Cambridge become the most revolutionary thinker in the 19th century?” he said. Darwin, the first to 12 the belief 13 God created the world with his theory of evolution, was the fifth of six 14 . Most of his opponents were firstborns. Sulloway’s theory held 15 with Copernicus, the first astronomer to propose that the Sun was the center of the universe, and computer revolutionary Gates of Microsoft.
单选题The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ______.Aglobal inflationBreduction in supplyCfast growth in economyDIraq’s suspension of exports
单选题The superiority of the Canadian health care system is seen in ______.Aits low medical cost and better public health.Bthe immediate compensations form insurance companies.Cits prompt application of advanced technological innovations.Dthe low charges made by medical personnel.
单选题The first paragraph shows that Jill Kerr Conway accepts utilitarian emphasis in education ______.Awho literatelyBwith reservationCagainst her own willDwith contempt
单选题The Canadian health care system is ______.Afinancially supported by private enterprises.Brun according to different principles.Cdesigned for the convenience of the public.Dcomplicated by administration.
单选题Penfield’s viewpoint was met with much ______.Ainterest.Bcontroversy.Ccompliments.Dencouragement.
单选题The text indicates that private schools are very selective because they ______.Ahave no reliable methods to pick students for a classBwant a good mixture of boys and girls for classesCencounter more demand than they can cope withDprefer to enroll children of their relatives
问答题Passage 1 Despite the basic biological, chemical, and physical similarities found in all living things, a diversity of life exists not only among and between species but also within every natural population. The phenomenon of diversity has had a long history of study because so many of the variations that exist in nature are visible to the eye. (1) It has been suggested that sexual reproduction became the dominant type of reproduction among organisms because of its inherent advantage of variability, which is the mechanism that enables a species to adjust to changing conditions. New variations are potentially present in genetic differences, but how preponderant a variation becomes in a gene pool depends upon the number of offspring the mutants or variants produce (differential reproduction). (2) It is possible for a genetic novelty (new variation) to spread in time to all members of a population, especially if the novelty enhances the population’s chances for survival in the environment in which it exists. Thus, when a species is introduced into a new habitat, it either adapts to the change by natural selection or by some other evolutionary mechanism or else it eventually dies off. Because each new habitat means new adaptations, habitat changes have been responsible for the millions of different kinds of species and for the heterogeneity within each species. The total number of animal and plant species is estimated at between 2,000,000 and 4,500,000; authoritative estimates of the number of extinct species range from 15,000,000 up to 16,000,000,000. (3)Although the use of classification as a means of producing some kind of order out of this staggering number of different types of organisms appears as early as the book of Genesis—with references to cattle, beasts, fowl, creeping things, trees, etc.—the first scientific attempt at classification is attributed to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, who tried to establish a system that would indicate the relationship of all things to each other. He arranged everything along a scale, or “ladder of nature”, with nonliving things at the bottom; plants were placed below animals, and man was at the top. (4)Other schemes that have been used for grouping species include large anatomical similarities, such as wings or fins, which indicate a natural relationship, and also similarities in reproductive structures. (5) At the present time taxonomy is based on two major assumptions: one is that similar body construction can be used as a criterion for a classification grouping; the other is that, in addition to structural similarities, evolutionary and molecular relationships between organisms can be used as a means for determining classification.
单选题Steven Muller believes that higher education fails to ______.Ainform the students of what is right or wrong.Btell the students which scientific method is valuable.Cpresent valuable religious ideas to students.Dfamiliarize students with means of inquiry.
问答题Passage 1 In the 16th and 17th centuries, two persons helped lay the foundation of modern education. Comenius, a Czech humanist, greatly influenced both educational and psycho-educational thought. He wrote texts that were based on a developmental theory and in them introduced the use of visual aids in instruction. Media and instructional research, a vital part of contemporary educational psychology, has its origins in the writing and textbook design of Comenius. (1) He recommended that instruction start with the general and then move to the particular and that nothing in books be accepted unless checked by a demonstration to the senses. He taught that understanding, not memory, is the goal of instruction; that we learn best that which we have an opportunity to teach; and that parents have a role to play in the schooling of their children. The contributions of one of our many ancestors often are overlooked, yet Juan Luis Vives wrote very much as a contemporary educational psychologist might in the first part of the 16th century. (2) He stated to teachers and others with educational responsibilities, such as those in government and commerce, that there should be an orderly presentation of the facts to be learned, and in this way he anticipated Herbart and 19th-centry psychologists. He noted that what is to be learned must be practiced, and in this way he anticipated Thorndike’s Law of Exercise. He wrote on practical knowledge and the need to engage student interest, anticipating Dewey. (3) He wrote about individual differences and about the need to adjust instruction for all students, and anticipated the work of educational and school psychologists in the area of special education. He discussed the school’s role in moral growth, anticipating the work of Dewey, Piaget, Kohlberg, and Gilligan. He wrote about learning being dependent on self-activity, a precursor to contemporary research on meta-cognition, where the ways in which the self monitors its own activities are studied. Finally, (4) Vives anticipated both the contemporary motivational theorists who avoid social comparisons and those researchers who find the harmful elements of norm-referenced testing to outweigh their advantages, by writing about the need for students to be evaluated on the basis of their own past accomplishments and not in comparison with other students. (5) Thus, long before we claimed our professional identity, there were individuals thinking intelligently about what we would eventually Call educational psychology, preparing the way for the scientific study of education.
单选题According to the author, which of the following contributes to the development of political ideology during adolescence?AConscious recognition by the adolescence of his or her own naiveté.BThorough comprehension of the concept of ordination.CEvaluation by the adolescent of the general principles encompassing his or her specific political ideaDIntuitive understanding of relationship among various components of society.
单选题In the US, there is a long waiting list for organs because ______.Athere is a shortage of actual organsBonly a few people become organ donorsCdoctors have set a limit to the number of organ recipientsDtransplant surgery is still experimental
单选题We can draw a conclusion from the text that ______.Aoil-price shocks are less shocking nowBinflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocksCenergy conservation can keep down the oil pricesDthe price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry