共用题干第一篇The Mystery of ClonesScientists have cloned goats,cats,cows,pigs and mice.Now it has been suggested by many commentators and scientists that it might be ethically acceptable to clone existing people in certain cases.One possibility is generating a replacement for a dying relative.All such possibilities,however,makes more and more people concerned that it would be possible that the clone is subjected to expectations and limitations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic"twin",so he or she would not be treated as an individual with independent personality.For the reason that human personality is only partly determined by genes,those assumptions might not be right.The clone of a shy person might behave quite differently if he or she is brought up in a family with encouraging atmosphere.Clones of writers,scholars,scientists or athletes are very likely to choose different careers because of chance event in early life.Some researchers have suggested the idea that couples,in which one part is infertile,might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But the notion raises the concerns that the child who is a copy of just one of a couple might not treat naturally,and it is not in the interests of the resulting kid.Moreover,the treatments of all known types of infertility are available nowadays;conventional therapies seem more ethnically acceptable to ordinary people's way of thinking,so the majority of population strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos（胚胎）to develop.However,the positive side of the cloning technology cannot be denied,for instance,cloning from cultured cells will provide essential medical opportunities.Scientists are trying to grow an embryo,cloned from a single cell of a human being with goals to design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable.Of course,people's predictions about this new technology might be all wrong,because social attitudes change and unexpected developments take place.Only time will tell.But biomedical researchers who are dedicated to finding the potential of cloning have plenty to do.Maybe someday soon,a human will be cloned,and mankind will embark on a scientific and moral journey whose destination is not under his own control. Or maybe one day you will be happy to have a clone of your own.A person's personality is determined by_______.A:both their genes and the environment they live inB:their genesC:the environment they live inD:Not mentioned
共用题干
第一篇
The Mystery of Clones
Scientists have cloned goats,cats,cows,pigs and mice.Now it has been suggested by many commentators and scientists that it might be ethically acceptable to clone existing people in certain cases.One possibility is generating a replacement for a dying relative.All such possibilities,however,makes more and more people concerned that it would be possible that the clone is subjected to expectations and limitations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic"twin",so he or she would not be treated as an individual with independent personality.For the reason that human personality is only partly determined by genes,those assumptions might not be right.The clone of a shy person might behave quite differently if he or she is brought up in a family with encouraging atmosphere.Clones of writers,scholars,scientists or athletes are very likely to choose different careers because of chance event in early life.
Some researchers have suggested the idea that couples,in which one part is infertile,might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But the notion raises the concerns that the child who is a copy of just one of a couple might not treat naturally,and it is not in the interests of the resulting kid.Moreover,the treatments of all known types of infertility are available nowadays;conventional therapies seem more ethnically acceptable to ordinary people's way of thinking,so the majority of population strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos（胚胎）to develop.
However,the positive side of the cloning technology cannot be denied,for instance,cloning from cultured cells will provide essential medical opportunities.Scientists are trying to grow an embryo,cloned from a single cell of a human being with goals to design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable.
Of course,people's predictions about this new technology might be all wrong,because social attitudes change and unexpected developments take place.Only time will tell.But biomedical researchers who are dedicated to finding the potential of cloning have plenty to do.Maybe someday soon,a human will be cloned,and mankind will embark on a scientific and moral journey whose destination is not under his own control. Or maybe one day you will be happy to have a clone of your own.
第一篇
The Mystery of Clones
Scientists have cloned goats,cats,cows,pigs and mice.Now it has been suggested by many commentators and scientists that it might be ethically acceptable to clone existing people in certain cases.One possibility is generating a replacement for a dying relative.All such possibilities,however,makes more and more people concerned that it would be possible that the clone is subjected to expectations and limitations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic"twin",so he or she would not be treated as an individual with independent personality.For the reason that human personality is only partly determined by genes,those assumptions might not be right.The clone of a shy person might behave quite differently if he or she is brought up in a family with encouraging atmosphere.Clones of writers,scholars,scientists or athletes are very likely to choose different careers because of chance event in early life.
Some researchers have suggested the idea that couples,in which one part is infertile,might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But the notion raises the concerns that the child who is a copy of just one of a couple might not treat naturally,and it is not in the interests of the resulting kid.Moreover,the treatments of all known types of infertility are available nowadays;conventional therapies seem more ethnically acceptable to ordinary people's way of thinking,so the majority of population strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos（胚胎）to develop.
However,the positive side of the cloning technology cannot be denied,for instance,cloning from cultured cells will provide essential medical opportunities.Scientists are trying to grow an embryo,cloned from a single cell of a human being with goals to design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable.
Of course,people's predictions about this new technology might be all wrong,because social attitudes change and unexpected developments take place.Only time will tell.But biomedical researchers who are dedicated to finding the potential of cloning have plenty to do.Maybe someday soon,a human will be cloned,and mankind will embark on a scientific and moral journey whose destination is not under his own control. Or maybe one day you will be happy to have a clone of your own.
A person's personality is determined by_______.
A:both their genes and the environment they live in
B:their genes
C:the environment they live in
D:Not mentioned
A:both their genes and the environment they live in
B:their genes
C:the environment they live in
D:Not mentioned
参考解析
解析：从文章第一段的第五句“human personality is only partly determined by genes”可以看出人类的性格只是部分由基因决定。接着又说一个害羞的人的克隆人若成长于一个拥有激励氛围的家庭，那么也可能会表现得截然不同，所以所处的环境也对人的性格产生影响。由此可以判断A正确。
第二段第二句谈到被克隆出的孩子可能不会被父母以自然的方式对待， "it is not in the interests of the resulting kid"，所以选B，意为“这对孩子没有好处”,not good for 和文中的not in the interests of意思一样。
第三段提到克隆的积极面也不可否定，如“design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable"，所以选D。
综观全文，作者提到了人们对于克隆技术的担心，也谈到克隆技术的积极面，所以作者态度是客观的、中立的（neutral：中立的），而不是赞同的（approved)或是不赞同的(disapproved）。
最后一段说到人们对这个新技术的预测可能都是错的，所以“Only time will tell"，没有人能真正知道克隆技术的未来如何，只有随着时间的流逝，克隆技术所带来的影响才能逐一显现出来，所以A正确。
第二段第二句谈到被克隆出的孩子可能不会被父母以自然的方式对待， "it is not in the interests of the resulting kid"，所以选B，意为“这对孩子没有好处”,not good for 和文中的not in the interests of意思一样。
第三段提到克隆的积极面也不可否定，如“design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable"，所以选D。
综观全文，作者提到了人们对于克隆技术的担心，也谈到克隆技术的积极面，所以作者态度是客观的、中立的（neutral：中立的），而不是赞同的（approved)或是不赞同的(disapproved）。
最后一段说到人们对这个新技术的预测可能都是错的，所以“Only time will tell"，没有人能真正知道克隆技术的未来如何，只有随着时间的流逝，克隆技术所带来的影响才能逐一显现出来，所以A正确。
相关考题：
The sharp hearing of a fish _______ by two scientists. A.have been provedB.have provedC.has provedD.has been proved
共用题干第一篇Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birth rates,that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them.In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply "dumping grounds"for the dying in which" care" is given by poorly paid,overworked,and underskilled personnel.In Paragraph 3,the phrase "this need" refers to________.A:the need to prolong the lives of old peopleB:the need to enrich the life of the retired peopleC:the need to build profit-making nursing homesD:the need to take care of a sick and weak person
共用题干第一篇Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birth rates,that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them.In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply "dumping grounds"for the dying in which" care" is given by poorly paid,overworked,and underskilled personnel.It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures_________.A:it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people aliveB:infants could be left dead in times of starvationC:parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their childrenD:death was considered to be freedom from hardships
共用题干第一篇Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birth rates,that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them.In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply "dumping grounds"for the dying in which" care" is given by poorly paid,overworked,and underskilled personnel.According to the passage,which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true?A:Many of them have a very hard life.B:They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.C:They rely mainly on their children for financial support.D:Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.
共用题干Cloning（克隆）:Future Perlect?1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years."he told the world.2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative,In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the U.S. the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the U. S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next.5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like,But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）.Within ten years scientists wil!probably have_______.A:the nucleus of a cellB:cloned human beingsC:a human being in two yearsD:a law to ban human cloningE:a report on human cloningF:heavy media coverage
共用题干Cloning（克隆）:Future Perlect?1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years."he told the world.2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative,In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the U.S. the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the U. S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next.5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like,But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）.Paragraph 2________A:Strong reactionsB:Anxiety about the future if cloningC:The right to chooseD:What id cloning?E:Arguments in favor of cloningF:A common sight
共用题干Cloning（克隆）:Future Perlect?1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years."he told the world.2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative,In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the U.S. the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the U. S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next.5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like,But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）.Richard Seed claimed to be able to clone_______.A:the nucleus of a cellB:cloned human beingsC:a human being in two yearsD:a law to ban human cloningE:a report on human cloningF:heavy media coverage
共用题干Prolonging Human Life1.Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.2.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.3.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work.We also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them.In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people.Unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.4.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.In________,old people who could not keep up might be abandoned to die.A:too weak and illB:hunting and gathering culturesC:childhood diseasesD:no one at homeE:epidemic diseases F: traditional cultures
共用题干Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alivetoday would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Becausemore people live longer,there are more people around at any given time. In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,some-body else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insur-ance,they must often“go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died. Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are of-ten profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply“dumping grounds”for the dying in which“care”is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude toward most of the nursing homes,and convalescent hospitals?A: Sympathetic.B: Unfriendly.C: Optimistic.D: Critical.
共用题干Prolonging Human Life1.Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.2.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.3.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work.We also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them.In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people.Unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.4.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.Many people would have died of_______if they had been born 100 years ago.A:too weak and illB:hunting and gathering culturesC:childhood diseasesD:no one at homeE:epidemic diseases F: traditional cultures
共用题干Prolonging Human Life1.Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.2.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.3.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work.We also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them.In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people.Unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.4.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.When older people become_______to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.A:too weak and illB:hunting and gathering culturesC:childhood diseasesD:no one at homeE:epidemic diseases F: traditional cultures
共用题干That scientists have cloned a sheep sends academics and the public into a panic at the prospect that humans might be next. That's an understandable reaction.(46)___________,so it's not unreasonable to be concerned that it might threaten human society and dignity.Yet much of the ethical oppo-- sition seems also to grow out of an unthinking disgust. And that makes it hard for even trained scientists and ethicists to see the matter clearly.While human cloning might not offer great benefits to humarnty,no one has yet made a persuasive case that it would do any real harm,either.(47)_______That would surely be true if a cloned individual were treated as a lesser being, with fewer rights or lower stature.But why suppose that cloned persons wouldn't share the same rights and dignity as the rest of us?A leading ethicist has suggested that cloning would violate the "right to genetic identity".(48)________It makes perfect sense to say that adult persons have a right not to be cloned without their voluntary,informed consent. But if such consent is given,whose "right"to genetic identity would be violated?So who will likely take advantage of cloning?Perhaps a grieving couple whose child is dying. (49)________But a cloned child born to such dubious parents stands no greater or lesser chance of being loved,or rejected,or warped than a child normally conceived.Infertile couples are also likely to seek out cloning. That such couples have other options(in vitro fertilization or adoption)is not an argument for denying them the right to clone.Or consider an example raised by Judge Richard Posner:a couple in which the husband has some tragic genetic defect. Currently,if this couple wants a genetically related child,(50)________They can reproduce naturally and risk passing on the disease to the child.They can go to a sperm bank and take a chance on unknown genes.They can try in vitro fertilization and dispose of any afflicted embryo though that might be objectionable,too.Or they can get a male relative of the father to donate sperm,if such a relative exists.This is one case where even people unnerved by cloning might see it as not the worst option.Even if human cloning offers no obvious benefits to humanity,why ban it?In a democratic society we don't usually pass laws outlawing something before there is actual or probable evidence of harm.Most important,human cloning should be governed by the same laws that now protect human rights.A world not safe for cloned humans would be a world not safe for the rest of us._______（49）A:they have four not altogether pleasant options.B:This might seem psychologically twisted.C:Theologians contend that to clone a human would violate human dignity.D:Parents might clone a child to have"spare parts"in case the original child needs an organ transplant.E:Cloning is a radical challenge to the most fundamental laws of biology.F: Where did he come up with such a right?
Many scientists have been probing psychological problems.A:solving B:exploring C:seffling D:handling
共用题干Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alivetoday would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Becausemore people live longer,there are more people around at any given time. In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,some-body else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insur-ance,they must often“go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died. Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are of-ten profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply“dumping grounds”for the dying in which“care”is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.According to the passage,which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true?A: Many of them have a very hard life.B: They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.C: They rely mainly on their children for financial support.D: Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.
共用题干Cloning（克隆）:Future Pertect?1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clonen a human being within the next two years."he told the world.2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative.In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the U.S. the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the U.S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England Joumal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles , television shows and films , as well as cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next.5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cioning humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like.But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool , answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）. Paragraph 3_________A:Strong reactionsB:Anxiety about the future of cloningC:The right to chooseD:What is cloning?E:Arguments in favor of cloningF:A common sight
共用题干Cloning（克隆）:Future Pertect?1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clonen a human being within the next two years."he told the world.2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative.In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the U.S. the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the U.S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England Joumal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles , television shows and films , as well as cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next.5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cioning humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like.But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool , answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）. Within ten years scientists will probably have______.A:the nucleus of a cellB:cloned human beingsC:a human being in two yearsD:a law to ban human cloningE:a report on human cloningF:heavy media coverage
共用题干Cloning（克隆）:Future Pertect?1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clonen a human being within the next two years."he told the world.2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative.In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the U.S. the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the U.S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England Joumal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles , television shows and films , as well as cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next.5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cioning humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like.But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool , answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）. Richard Seed's announcement received_________.A:the nucleus of a cellB:cloned human beingsC:a human being in two yearsD:a law to ban human cloningE:a report on human cloningF:heavy media coverage
共用题干Cloning（克隆）:Future Pertect?1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clonen a human being within the next two years."he told the world.2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative.In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the U.S. the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the U.S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England Joumal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles , television shows and films , as well as cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next.5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cioning humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like.But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool , answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）. Richard Seed claimed to be able to clone_________.A:the nucleus of a cellB:cloned human beingsC:a human being in two yearsD:a law to ban human cloningE:a report on human cloningF:heavy media coverage
共用题干第一篇The Smell of MoneyFor many years large supermarkets have been encouraging us to spend money by pumping the smell of freshly-baked bread into their stores. Now Dale Air, a leading firm of aroma（香气）consultants, has been approached by Barclay's Bank to develop suitable artificial smells for their banks.Researchers have suggested that surrounding customers with the"smell of money"will encourage them to feel relaxed and optimistic and give them added confidence in the bank's security and professionalism.But before a smell can be manufactured and introduced into banks' air conditioning systems,it must be identified and chemically analyzed,and this has proved to be difficult.The problem is that banknotes and coins tend to pick up the smell of their surroundings.So cash that has been sitting in a cash register at a fishmonger's（鱼贩）will smell of fish,and banknotes used to pay for meals in restaurants will tend to smellof food.It may be a challenge,but aroma experts have little doubt that the use of artificial smells can be an effective form of subconscious advertising. Lunn Poly,a British travel company,introduced the smell of coconuts（椰 子）into its travel agencies and saw a big increase in spending by holiday makers.Many cafs now have elec-tric dispensers（自动售货机）that release the smell of freshly roasted coffee near their entrances, subtly encouraging customers to come in and have a drink or snack. Even prestigious car maker Rolls-Royce has been spraying the inside of its cars to enhance the smell of the leather seats."The sense of smell is probably the most basic and primitive of all human senses,"explains researcher Jim O'Riordan. "There is a direct pathway from the olfactory（嗅觉的）organs in the nose to the brain."It is certainly true that most people find certain smells incredibly strong,stirring memories and feelings in a way that few other stimulants（刺激物）can rival. It is a phenomenon marketing consultants have long recog- nized,but until recently have been unable to harness."We've made great progress but the technology of odour production is still in its infancy,"says O'Riordan."Who knows where it will take us."The difficulty of producing the"smell of money"lies in that___________. A:people's attitudes toward money are different B:it's hard to identify and analyze itC:no technology can do itD:experts have no motive
共用题干Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them.In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not.We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them.In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty.Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are often profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and underskilled personnel.The writer believes that the population explosion results from______.A:an increase in birthrates B:the industrial developmentC:a decrease in death rates D:cultural advances
共用题干第一篇A Sunshade（遮阳伞）for the PlanetEven with the best will in the world,reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time,resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.Fortunately,if the worst comes to the worst,scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now,that is a growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale"geoengineering"projects that might be used to counteract global warming."I use the analogy of methadone,"says Stephen Schneider,a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming."If you have a heroin addict,the correct treatment is hospitalization,and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse,methadone is better than heroin."Basically the idea is to apply"sunscreen"to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth:launch trillions of feather-light discs into space,where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun's rays.It's controversial,but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 percent of the incident energy in the sun's rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.That could be crucial,because even the most severe emissions control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century,and that would last for at least a century more.According to the first two paragraphs,the author thinks that______.A:strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warmingB:It is impossible to prevent global warming by reducing carbon emissionsC:despite the difficulty,scientists have some options to prevent global warmingD:actions suggested by scientists will never be realized
共用题干Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First , we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race（种族）of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another.Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language. Second,there is no such thing as a primitive（原始的）language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense.There are,or were, hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is,each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.According to the third paragraph,the author thinks that______.A:there exist some primitive languages in the worldB:there are many people who don't have a languageC:no languages in the world haven't been well developedD:there are some languages we know having little complexities
共用题干第一篇The Mystery of ClonesScientists have cloned goats,cats,cows,pigs and mice.Now it has been suggested by many commentators and scientists that it might be ethically acceptable to clone existing people in certain cases.One possibility is generating a replacement for a dying relative.All such possibilities,however,makes more and more people concerned that it would be possible that the clone is subjected to expectations and limitations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic"twin",so he or she would not be treated as an individual with independent personality.For the reason that human personality is only partly determined by genes,those assumptions might not be right.The clone of a shy person might behave quite differently if he or she is brought up in a family with encouraging atmosphere.Clones of writers,scholars,scientists or athletes are very likely to choose different careers because of chance event in early life.Some researchers have suggested the idea that couples,in which one part is infertile,might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But the notion raises the concerns that the child who is a copy of just one of a couple might not treat naturally,and it is not in the interests of the resulting kid.Moreover,the treatments of all known types of infertility are available nowadays;conventional therapies seem more ethnically acceptable to ordinary people's way of thinking,so the majority of population strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos（胚胎）to develop.However,the positive side of the cloning technology cannot be denied,for instance,cloning from cultured cells will provide essential medical opportunities.Scientists are trying to grow an embryo,cloned from a single cell of a human being with goals to design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable.Of course,people's predictions about this new technology might be all wrong,because social attitudes change and unexpected developments take place.Only time will tell.But biomedical researchers who are dedicated to finding the potential of cloning have plenty to do.Maybe someday soon,a human will be cloned,and mankind will embark on a scientific and moral journey whose destination is not under his own control. Or maybe one day you will be happy to have a clone of your own.What is people's concern about cloning a child for infertile couples?A:The child might not be treated kindly.B:It's not for the good of the resulting child.C:The couples would not accept the resulting child.D:It would be wild to have a clone of one's own.
共用题干第一篇The Mystery of ClonesScientists have cloned goats,cats,cows,pigs and mice.Now it has been suggested by many commentators and scientists that it might be ethically acceptable to clone existing people in certain cases.One possibility is generating a replacement for a dying relative.All such possibilities,however,makes more and more people concerned that it would be possible that the clone is subjected to expectations and limitations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic"twin",so he or she would not be treated as an individual with independent personality.For the reason that human personality is only partly determined by genes,those assumptions might not be right.The clone of a shy person might behave quite differently if he or she is brought up in a family with encouraging atmosphere.Clones of writers,scholars,scientists or athletes are very likely to choose different careers because of chance event in early life.Some researchers have suggested the idea that couples,in which one part is infertile,might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But the notion raises the concerns that the child who is a copy of just one of a couple might not treat naturally,and it is not in the interests of the resulting kid.Moreover,the treatments of all known types of infertility are available nowadays;conventional therapies seem more ethnically acceptable to ordinary people's way of thinking,so the majority of population strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos（胚胎）to develop.However,the positive side of the cloning technology cannot be denied,for instance,cloning from cultured cells will provide essential medical opportunities.Scientists are trying to grow an embryo,cloned from a single cell of a human being with goals to design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable.Of course,people's predictions about this new technology might be all wrong,because social attitudes change and unexpected developments take place.Only time will tell.But biomedical researchers who are dedicated to finding the potential of cloning have plenty to do.Maybe someday soon,a human will be cloned,and mankind will embark on a scientific and moral journey whose destination is not under his own control. Or maybe one day you will be happy to have a clone of your own.Which of the following uses of cloning is justifiable,according to the passage?A:To have a clone of one's own.B:To replace a dying relative.C:To help infertile couples to have a child.D:To cure currently untreatable diseases.
共用题干第一篇The Mystery of ClonesScientists have cloned goats,cats,cows,pigs and mice.Now it has been suggested by many commentators and scientists that it might be ethically acceptable to clone existing people in certain cases.One possibility is generating a replacement for a dying relative.All such possibilities,however,makes more and more people concerned that it would be possible that the clone is subjected to expectations and limitations based on the family's knowledge of the genetic"twin",so he or she would not be treated as an individual with independent personality.For the reason that human personality is only partly determined by genes,those assumptions might not be right.The clone of a shy person might behave quite differently if he or she is brought up in a family with encouraging atmosphere.Clones of writers,scholars,scientists or athletes are very likely to choose different careers because of chance event in early life.Some researchers have suggested the idea that couples,in which one part is infertile,might choose to make a copy of one or the other partner. But the notion raises the concerns that the child who is a copy of just one of a couple might not treat naturally,and it is not in the interests of the resulting kid.Moreover,the treatments of all known types of infertility are available nowadays;conventional therapies seem more ethnically acceptable to ordinary people's way of thinking,so the majority of population strongly opposed to allowing cloned human embryos（胚胎）to develop.However,the positive side of the cloning technology cannot be denied,for instance,cloning from cultured cells will provide essential medical opportunities.Scientists are trying to grow an embryo,cloned from a single cell of a human being with goals to design therapies for diseases which are currently untreatable.Of course,people's predictions about this new technology might be all wrong,because social attitudes change and unexpected developments take place.Only time will tell.But biomedical researchers who are dedicated to finding the potential of cloning have plenty to do.Maybe someday soon,a human will be cloned,and mankind will embark on a scientific and moral journey whose destination is not under his own control. Or maybe one day you will be happy to have a clone of your own.It can be inferred from the text that_______.A:no one can tell the future of the cloning technologyB:it would be common for a clone to make appearance on magazinesC:a clone will have same personalities with the person he/she is created fromD:a clone will choose the same career as the person he/she is created from
问答题A farmer has a field containing a certain number of pigs and hens. Between them they have 36 heads and 100 feet. How many pigs and hens does the farmer have?