学完Lecture 2的课文后，选出每题的正确答案。 How many ways of making our lives more comfortable and saving our environment in this article？A．FourB．FiveC．SixD．Seven
学完Lecture 2的课文后，选出每题的正确答案。 How many ways of making our lives more comfortable and saving our environment in this article？
A．Four
B．Five
C．Six
D．Seven
参考答案和解析
people can make simple changes that have a huge impact on their mental health and wellbeing.
相关考题：
Date: 3rd July, 2006To:All staffFrom: Terry TheacherSubject: Lecture on New TechnologyContent:① a lecture on the latest technology and how we can expect it to affect our work given by Dr. Rhodes② attendance will be counted toward staff development points required for the end of year uation③ to sign up before Wednesday if you plan to come.
The article suggests that______.A. our earth exists before the sunB. how space formedC. no one knows where the earth comes fromD. our earth used to be part of a high mountain on the sun
What is the main idea of the passage?A. Our life is governed by the law of time.B. How to organize time is not worth debating.C. New ways of using time change our society.D. Our time schedule is decided by social customs.
Passage ThreeThe whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we needand use in our daily lives, is bound to create a number of waste products whichupset the environmental balance or the ecological(生态的)balance as it is known. Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed(处理) of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new goods are produced and made complex, there willbe new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear powerstations. Many people therefore see pollution as only part of a larger and more complex problem, that is,the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods. Others see the problem mainly inconnection with agriculture, where new methods are helping farmers grow more and more on theirland to feed our everincreasing population. However, the land itself is graduallybecoming worn out as it is being used, in some cases, too heavily, and artificialfertilizers(人造肥料) cannot bring back the balance.Whatever is underlying(潜在的)reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies,individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter(杂乱的废物)and waste. Food is wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks areincreasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also isa great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper. Advertising has helped this process bypersuading many of us to buy things we don't want to buy. Pollution and waste continue to be a problemeveryone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal ofthe products we use in our daily lives.44. The main cause of pollution is______.A. the production of new industrial goodsB. increased amounts of unnatural substanceC. our ever-increasing populationD. the release of artificial substances into the environment
The author and photographer ___________ coming to our university to give a lecture next Friday.A.wasB.isC.wereD.are
“If there is one thing I’m sure about,it is that in a hundred years from now we will still be reading newspapers．It is not that newspapers are a necessity．Even now some people get most of their news from television or radio．Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday．But for most people reading a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation．The nature of what is news may change．What basically makes news is what affects our lives—the big political stories,the coverage of the wars,earthquakes and other disasters,will continue much the same．I think there will be more coverage of scientific research,though．It’s already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives,like genetic(基因)engineering．In the future,I think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do—as we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are．It’s quite possible that in the next century newspapers will be transmitted(传送)electronically from Fleet Street and printed out in our own home．In fact,I’m pretty sure that how it will happen in the future．You will probably be able to choose from a menu,making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to read—sports and international news,etC．I think people have got it wrong when they talk about competition between the different media(媒体)．They actually feed off each other．Some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers,but that hasn’t happeneD．What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a screen or sound lost in the air．And as for the Internet,it’s never really pleasant to read something just on a screen．In the writer’s opinion,in the future,_______．A.more big political affairs,wars and disasters will make newsB.newspapers will not be printed in publishing houses any longerC.newspapers will cover more scientific researchD.more and more people will watch TV
“If there is one thing I’m sure about,it is that in a hundred years from now we will still be reading newspapers．It is not that newspapers are a necessity．Even now some people get most of their news from television or radio．Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday．But for most people reading a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation．The nature of what is news may change．What basically makes news is what affects our lives—the big political stories,the coverage of the wars,earthquakes and other disasters,will continue much the same．I think there will be more coverage of scientific research,though．It’s already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives,like genetic(基因)engineering．In the future,I think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do—as we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are．It’s quite possible that in the next century newspapers will be transmitted(传送)electronically from Fleet Street and printed out in our own home．In fact,I’m pretty sure that how it will happen in the future．You will probably be able to choose from a menu,making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to read—sports and international news,etC．I think people have got it wrong when they talk about competition between the different media(媒体)．They actually feed off each other．Some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers,but that hasn’t happeneD．What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a screen or sound lost in the air．And as for the Internet,it’s never really pleasant to read something just on a screen．How many ways does the phrase“to face the music”comes from?A.1B.2C.3D.4
Amold Schwarzenegger.Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you.It’s easy to beat plastic.They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you,the consumer,to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics.But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual,however,is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved.One their own,taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws,for example,will accomplish little and require very little of us.They could even be detrimental,satisfying a need to have“done our bit”without ever progressing onto bigger,bolder,more effective actions-a kind of“moral licensing”that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping hags and straws,we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as“consumers”we must shop sustainably,rather than as“citizens”hole our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s.We shouldn’t expect it to be.In her latest book,Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things.Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R.DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action,or banning single-use plastics altogether.India has just announced it will“eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.”There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier,such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment.It’s just that individual actions are too slow,she says,for that to be the only,or even primary,approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual.It’s just about putting things into perspective.We don’t have time to wait.We need progressive policies that shape collective action(and rein in polluting businesses),alongside engaged citizens pushing for change. The author is concerned that“moral licensing”may_____《》（）A.mislead us into doing worthless thingsB.prevent us from making further effortsC.weaken our sense of accomplishmentD.suppress our desire for success
Compared with other areas of our social lives,we tend to boast far more on social media.For instance,few of us will stand on a neighborhood corner and declare how accomplished we are or how much we love our spouse.On Facebook,however,we have no uneasiness about routinely posting photographs of intimate family gatherings,foreign vacations,and fancy meals.What's more,many of us share boasts with hundreds or even thousands of social media connections,with little knowledge or concern about who's seeing them or what effect it has on them.Despite the risk of negative effects,we can't help boasting on social media because,as psychologists have argued,boasting satisfies fundamental human motives of creating a favorable first impression with strangers,and building a positive image among those who know us.In our vast social media spheres,boasting is also a good way,or even possibly the only way,to attract attention.
There are many ways to define the “time” at a particular ______.Here，on Earth our usual system is defined by the motion of the Sun in the sky.A.districtB.iocationC.interpretationD.direction
资料：Procrastination comes in many disguises. We might resolve to tackle a task, but find endless reasons to defer it. We might prioritize things we can readily tick off our to-do list- answering emails, say- while leaving the big, complex stuff untouched for another day. We can look and feel busy. while artfully avoiding the tanks that really matter. And when we look at those rolling, long untouched items at the bottom of our to-do list, we can't help but feel a little disappointed in ourselves.The problem is our brains are programmed to procrastinate. In general, we all tend to struggle with task that promise future upside in return for efforts we take now. That's because it's easier for our brains to process concrete rather than abstract things, and the immediate hassle is very tangible compared with those unknowable, uncertain future benefits. So the short-term effort easily dominates the long-term upside in our minds--an example of something that behavioral scientists call present bias.How can you become less myopic about your elusive tasks? It's all about rebalancing the cost benefit analysis: make the benefits of action feel bigger, and the costs of action feel smaller. The reward for doing a pestering task needs to feel larger than the immediate pain of tacking it.To make the benefits of action feel bigger and more real:Visualize how great it will be to get it done. Researchers have discovered that people are more likely to save for their future retirement if they're shown digitally aged photographs of themselves. Why? Because it makes their future self feel more real-making the future benefits of saving also feel more weighty.The next paragraph is probably about____.A.The natural function of our brainB.The other ways to make the benefits of action feel bigger and realC.The other ways to make the benefits of action feel smaller and unrealD.The perils of procrastination
资料：Procrastination comes in many disguises. We might resolve to tackle a task, but find endless reasons to defer it. We might prioritize things we can readily tick off our to-do list- answering emails, say- while leaving the big, complex stuff untouched for another day. We can look and feel busy. while artfully avoiding the tanks that really matter. And when we look at those rolling, long untouched items at the bottom of our to-do list, we can't help but feel a little disappointed in ourselves.The problem is our brains are programmed to procrastinate. In general, we all tend to struggle with task that promise future upside in return for efforts we take now. That's because it's easier for our brains to process concrete rather than abstract things, and the immediate hassle is very tangible compared with those unknowable, uncertain future benefits. So the short-term effort easily dominates the long-term upside in our minds--an example of something that behavioral scientists call present bias.How can you become less myopic about your elusive tasks? It's all about rebalancing the cost benefit analysis: make the benefits of action feel bigger, and the costs of action feel smaller. The reward for doing a pestering task needs to feel larger than the immediate pain of tacking it.To make the benefits of action feel bigger and more real:Visualize how great it will be to get it done. Researchers have discovered that people are more likely to save for their future retirement if they're shown digitally aged photographs of themselves. Why? Because it makes their future self feel more real-making the future benefits of saving also feel more weighty.Which one is TRUE about our brain?A.Concrete things are more attractive than the abstract things.B.The long term upside is easily dominated by short-term effort in our minds.C.We cannot avoid present bias in our brain.D.The brain can be trained to procrastinate often.
资料：Procrastination comes in many disguises. We might resolve to tackle a task, but find endless reasons to defer it. We might prioritize things we can readily tick off our to-do list- answering emails, say- while leaving the big, complex stuff untouched for another day. We can look and feel busy. while artfully avoiding the tanks that really matter. And when we look at those rolling, long untouched items at the bottom of our to-do list, we can't help but feel a little disappointed in ourselves.The problem is our brains are programmed to procrastinate. In general, we all tend to struggle with task that promise future upside in return for efforts we take now. That's because it's easier for our brains to process concrete rather than abstract things, and the immediate hassle is very tangible compared with those unknowable, uncertain future benefits. So the short-term effort easily dominates the long-term upside in our minds--an example of something that behavioral scientists call present bias.How can you become less myopic about your elusive tasks? It's all about rebalancing the cost benefit analysis: make the benefits of action feel bigger, and the costs of action feel smaller. The reward for doing a pestering task needs to feel larger than the immediate pain of tacking it.To make the benefits of action feel bigger and more real:Visualize how great it will be to get it done. Researchers have discovered that people are more likely to save for their future retirement if they're shown digitally aged photographs of themselves. Why? Because it makes their future self feel more real-making the future benefits of saving also feel more weighty.What is the best title for this passage?A.How to beat procrastinationB.Our brain and procrastinationC.Benefits and costs of procrastinationD.The perils of procrastination
And that quest has brought______benefits that improve our lives in countless ways.A.tangibleB.displayedC.conditionalD.proved
共用题干How Human's Personalities and Behaviors Are Formed1 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.2 Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other.The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature vs.nurture".3 Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.That our environment has littie,if anything ,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behaviors is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.4 Those who support the"nurture"theory,that is,they advocate education,are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists maintain that,like machines ,humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.5 Let us examine the different expianations about one human chiaracteristic，intelligence ,offered by the tow theories.Supporters of the"nature"theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.Needless to say ,they don’t believe that factors in the enviroment have much inluence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic.On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our inelligence levels are the product of our experiences.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an invironment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.Those who support the"nature"theory don’t believe environment_______.A:human is i)Orfl with a certain personalityB:how the personality and behavior are formedC:will experience intellectual developmentD:tWo differenlt schools on the matter have developedE:will influ ence on charactersF:human is horn with no personality
共用题干How Human's Personalities and Behaviors are Formed1 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.2 Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are verydifferent from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as"nature vs.nurture".3 Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior pat-terns are largely determined by biological factors.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with ourabilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains tha our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.4 Those who support the"nurture"theory,that is,they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining howwe will act.A behaviorist,B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimulias the basis of their behavior.5 Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic,intelligence,offered by the two theories.Supporters of the"nature"theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.Needless to say:They don't believe that factors in the environment have much in- fluence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic.On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our in- telligence levels are the product of our experiences.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will ex- perience greater intellectual development.Although no clear answers,_________.A:human is born with a certain personalityB:how the personality and behavior are formedC:will experience intellectual developmentD:two different schools on the matter have developedE:will influence on charactersF:human is born with no personality
共用题干How Human's Personalities and Behaviors Are Formed1 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.2 Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other.The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature vs.nurture".3 Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.That our environment has littie,if anything ,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behaviors is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.4 Those who support the"nurture"theory,that is,they advocate education,are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists maintain that,like machines ,humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.5 Let us examine the different expianations about one human chiaracteristic，intelligence ,offered by the tow theories.Supporters of the"nature"theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.Needless to say ,they don’t believe that factors in the enviroment have much inluence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic.On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our inelligence levels are the product of our experiences.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an invironment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.Paragraph 1______A:Environment is ImportantB:Two Approaches Different From Each Other Are FormedC:People Want to Know How Their Personalities and Behaviors Are FormedD:Our Personalities and Behavior Patterns Are Largely Determined by Biological FactorsE:We Want to Explain the Behaviors F:Tow Similar Approaches Are Forme
共用题干How Human's Personalities and Behaviors are Formed1 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.2 Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are verydifferent from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as"nature vs.nurture".3 Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior pat-terns are largely determined by biological factors.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with ourabilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains tha our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.4 Those who support the"nurture"theory,that is,they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining howwe will act.A behaviorist,B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimulias the basis of their behavior.5 Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic,intelligence,offered by the two theories.Supporters of the"nature"theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.Needless to say:They don't believe that factors in the environment have much in- fluence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic.On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our in- telligence levels are the product of our experiences.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will ex- perience greater intellectual development.Paragraph 3_________A:Environment is ImportantB:Two Approaches Different From Each Other are FormedC:People Want to Know How Their Personalities and Behaviors are FormedD:Our Personalities and Behavior Patterns are Largely Determined by Biological FactorsE:We Want to Explain the BehaviorsF:Two Similar Approaches are Formed
共用题干How Human's Personalities and Behaviors are Formed1 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.2 Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are verydifferent from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as"nature vs.nurture".3 Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior pat-terns are largely determined by biological factors.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with ourabilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains tha our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.4 Those who support the"nurture"theory,that is,they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining howwe will act.A behaviorist,B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimulias the basis of their behavior.5 Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic,intelligence,offered by the two theories.Supporters of the"nature"theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.Needless to say:They don't believe that factors in the environment have much in- fluence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic.On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our in- telligence levels are the product of our experiences.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will ex- perience greater intellectual development.Paragraph 2_________A:Environment is ImportantB:Two Approaches Different From Each Other are FormedC:People Want to Know How Their Personalities and Behaviors are FormedD:Our Personalities and Behavior Patterns are Largely Determined by Biological FactorsE:We Want to Explain the BehaviorsF:Two Similar Approaches are Formed
共用题干How Human's Personalities and Behaviors Are Formed1 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.2 Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other.The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature vs.nurture".3 Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.That our environment has littie,if anything ,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behaviors is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.4 Those who support the"nurture"theory,that is,they advocate education,are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists maintain that,like machines ,humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.5 Let us examine the different expianations about one human chiaracteristic，intelligence ,offered by the tow theories.Supporters of the"nature"theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.Needless to say ,they don’t believe that factors in the enviroment have much inluence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic.On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our inelligence levels are the product of our experiences.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an invironment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.Paragraph 2______A:Environment is ImportantB:Two Approaches Different From Each Other Are FormedC:People Want to Know How Their Personalities and Behaviors Are FormedD:Our Personalities and Behavior Patterns Are Largely Determined by Biological FactorsE:We Want to Explain the Behaviors F:Tow Similar Approaches Are Forme
共用题干How Human's Personalities and Behaviors are Formed1 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.2 Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are verydifferent from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as"nature vs.nurture".3 Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior pat-terns are largely determined by biological factors.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with ourabilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains tha our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.4 Those who support the"nurture"theory,that is,they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining howwe will act.A behaviorist,B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimulias the basis of their behavior.5 Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic,intelligence,offered by the two theories.Supporters of the"nature"theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.Needless to say:They don't believe that factors in the environment have much in- fluence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic.On the other hand,behaviorists argue that our in- telligence levels are the product of our experiences.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will ex- perience greater intellectual development.Those who support the"nature"theory don't believe environment_________.A:human is born with a certain personalityB:how the personality and behavior are formedC:will experience intellectual developmentD:two different schools on the matter have developedE:will influence on charactersF:human is born with no personality
问答题In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully, and then complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in each of the blanks. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. Everyone knows about pollution in the environment. Water, air, and land are all polluted. This means that pollution is everywhere. Now, scientists are looking inside our bodies to find out about internal pollution. In 2003, the Environmental Working Group studied nine people to measure the chemicals in their bodies. These nine people had an average of 53 cancer-causing chemicals in their bodies. They also had an average of 62 chemicals that can damage the brain, and 55 that can harm babies in pregnant women. Even though a lot of chemicals were found in human bodies, the chemicals were found in small amounts. The amounts were small enough that they were probably not hurting the people. However, scientists are worried because most of these chemicals were created by humans. Most of these chemicals did not exist 75 years ago. This proves that we have not only polluted the world—we have polluted our own bodies! How does this pollution get into our bodies? We come into contact with many chemicals every day. For example, everyone uses soap, skin lotion, and shampoo. However, few people know that these products contain harmful chemicals, some of which may cause memory loss. Chemicals known as DEA (diethanolamine) and TEA (triethanolamine) may seep into the skin and stop us from absorbing a helpful nutrient called “choline”. Choline is a nutrient that plays a crucial role in the memory cell making process in the developing brain. Some people worry that every time we wash our hair, we are decreasing our memories. Everyone knows they should brush their teeth regularly, but recent research has shown that some toothpastes can cause cancer. Fluoride is a key ingredient in many toothpastes. However, studies show that fluoride does not really protect our teeth. In fact, fluoride has been connected with bone cancer and other diseases. While we are trying to save our smiles, we could be damaging our health. Women are probably exposed to more chemicals than men because they use more beauty products. Recently, harmful chemicals have been found in nail polish, hair spray, deodorant, and perfume. The chemicals are called “phthalates”. Studies on animals have shown that phthalates can damage the liver, the kidneys, and the lungs. Cosmetic companies say the amounts of phthalates in their products are safe, but consumer protection groups disagree. They say some women use so many products that the levels are actually high. So, the more women try to look beautiful, the more they could be harming their health. In a futuristic story by Ray Bradbury, a man found a pristine stream on a new planet. When he drank from the stream, he died! Why? His body was so polluted that pure water was a poison to him! Perhaps that is only science fiction, but it reminds us to take care of our bodies. We must find ways to reduce the pollution we absorb. Summary: Like our polluted environment, our bodies are no longer pollution-free. Scientists now know that there is pollution in our bodies. On 1 , we have 53 cancer-causing chemicals in our bodies. Even fluoride 2 with bone cancer and other diseases. Some common cosmetics contain small amounts of chemicals, which seep into our 3 when we use these products. They prevent us from absorbing the 4 our bodies need. So, it is 5 that we find ways to reduce the amount of chemicals in our bodies. We should remind our friends and families to take care of their bodies.
单选题The purpose of the passage is to tell us that ______Awe must enjoy the natureBwe had better eat more green foodCwe should protect our environment
单选题How can we get _____ the new taxes and keep for some more money for our business?AoutBaroundConDaway
问答题Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11 and avian flu remind us that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world. Our world is bursting with knowledge—but desperately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more crazy, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.