The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process,editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial.Working with the American Statistical Association,the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors（SBoRE）.Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors,or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change,McNutt said:“The creation of the‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of?Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani,a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health,a member of the SBoRE group.He says he expects the board to“play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he“found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel,unique and likely to have a lasting impact.This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself,but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis,a physician who studies research methodology,says that the policy is“a most welcome step forward”and“long overdue.”“Most journals are weak in statistical review,and this damages the quality of what they publish.I think that,for the majority of scientific papers nowadays,statistical review is more essential than expert review,”he says.But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine,the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data,but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research,according to David Vaux,a cell biologist.Researchers should improve their standards,he wrote in 2012,but journals should also take a tougher line,“engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”.Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians“has some merit,but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify‘the papers that need scrutiny’in the first place”.Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE mayA.pose a threat to all its peers.B.meet with strong opposition.C.increase Science’s circulation.D.set an example for other journals.
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process,editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial.Working with the American Statistical Association,the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors（SBoRE）.Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors,or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change,McNutt said:“The creation of the‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of?Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani,a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health,a member of the SBoRE group.He says he expects the board to“play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he“found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel,unique and likely to have a lasting impact.This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself,but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis,a physician who studies research methodology,says that the policy is“a most welcome step forward”and“long overdue.”“Most journals are weak in statistical review,and this damages the quality of what they publish.I think that,for the majority of scientific papers nowadays,statistical review is more essential than expert review,”he says.But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine,the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data,but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research,according to David Vaux,a cell biologist.Researchers should improve their standards,he wrote in 2012,but journals should also take a tougher line,“engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”.Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians“has some merit,but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify‘the papers that need scrutiny’in the first place”.
Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may
Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may
A.pose a threat to all its peers.
B.meet with strong opposition.
C.increase Science’s circulation.
D.set an example for other journals.
B.meet with strong opposition.
C.increase Science’s circulation.
D.set an example for other journals.
参考解析
解析：事实细节根据题干关键词Giovanni Parmigiani，the establishment of the SBoRE和may定位到第四段的最后一句“…but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science”。D选项中的example是model的同义替换，others journals是原文中a larger group of
相关考题：
What is the main idea of the passage?A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers.B. The development of science mostly lies in people’s attitudes.C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.
Text 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form. of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26.In the first paragraph, the author discusses[A] the background information of journal editing.[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.[D] the traditional process of journal publication.
With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to[A] cover the cost of its publication.[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.[D] complete the peer-review before submission.
With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required toA．cover the cost of its publication.B．subscribe to the journal publishing it.C．allow other online journals to use it freely.D．complete the peer-review before submission.
He bought a( an ) ( ) table from an old lady the other day. A、round/ old/ rosewoodB、rosewood/ old/ roundC、old/ round/ rosewoodD、old/ rosewood/ round
共用题干Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A: Many medical journals also are published online.B: A few medical journals are general medical journals.C: Most medical journals are published only online.D: Most medical journals are specialty journals.
共用题干Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal. An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called______.A: a research articleB: a review articleC: a case reportD: an editorial
共用题干Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal. Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on______.A: any medical eventB: articles published in the same issueC: articles published in that journalD: medical development
共用题干Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal. How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?A: Five.B: Seven.C: Four.D: Six.
共用题干Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal. The main readers of medical journals are______.A: the general publicB: health professionalsC: medical criticsD: news reporters
Text 2 It used to be so straightforward.A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal.A journal editor would then remove the authors’names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review.Depending on the comments received,the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.Copyright rested with the journal publisher,and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer.The Internet–and pressure from funding agencies,who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it–is making access to scientific results a reality.The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development（OECD）has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this.The report,by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD,makes heavy reading for publishers who have,so far,made handsome profits.But it goes further than that.It signals a change in what has,until now,been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends,in part,upon wide distribution and ready access.It is big business.In America,the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between$7 billion and$11 billion.The International Association of Scientific,Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects.They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing.According to the OECD report,some 75%of scholarly journals are now online.Entirely new business models are emerging;three main ones were identified by the report’s authors.There is the so-called big deal,where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.There is open-access publishing,typically supported by asking the author（or his employer）to pay for the paper to be published.Finally,there are open-access archives,where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories.Other models exist that are hybrids of these three,such as delayed open-access,where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months,before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process,at least for the publication of papers.29.With the open-access publishing model,the author of a paper is required toA.cover the cost of its publication.B.subscribe to the journal publishing it.C.allow other online journals to use it freely.D.complete the peer-review before submission.
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process,editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial.Working with the American Statistical Association,the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors（SBoRE）.Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors,or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change,McNutt said:“The creation of the‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of?Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani,a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health,a member of the SBoRE group.He says he expects the board to“play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he“found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel,unique and likely to have a lasting impact.This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself,but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis,a physician who studies research methodology,says that the policy is“a most welcome step forward”and“long overdue.”“Most journals are weak in statistical review,and this damages the quality of what they publish.I think that,for the majority of scientific papers nowadays,statistical review is more essential than expert review,”he says.But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine,the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data,but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research,according to David Vaux,a cell biologist.Researchers should improve their standards,he wrote in 2012,but journals should also take a tougher line,“engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”.Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians“has some merit,but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify‘the papers that need scrutiny’in the first place”.Which of the following is the best title of the text?A.Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.B.Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC.Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’DesksD.Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process,editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial.Working with the American Statistical Association,the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors（SBoRE）.Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors,or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change,McNutt said:“The creation of the‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of?Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani,a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health,a member of the SBoRE group.He says he expects the board to“play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he“found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel,unique and likely to have a lasting impact.This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself,but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis,a physician who studies research methodology,says that the policy is“a most welcome step forward”and“long overdue.”“Most journals are weak in statistical review,and this damages the quality of what they publish.I think that,for the majority of scientific papers nowadays,statistical review is more essential than expert review,”he says.But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine,the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data,but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research,according to David Vaux,a cell biologist.Researchers should improve their standards,he wrote in 2012,but journals should also take a tougher line,“engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”.Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians“has some merit,but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify‘the papers that need scrutiny’in the first place”.The phrase“flagged up”（Para.2）is the closest in meaning toA.found.B.marked.C.revised.D.stored.
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process,editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial.Working with the American Statistical Association,the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors（SBoRE）.Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors,or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change,McNutt said:“The creation of the‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of?Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani,a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health,a member of the SBoRE group.He says he expects the board to“play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he“found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel,unique and likely to have a lasting impact.This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself,but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis,a physician who studies research methodology,says that the policy is“a most welcome step forward”and“long overdue.”“Most journals are weak in statistical review,and this damages the quality of what they publish.I think that,for the majority of scientific papers nowadays,statistical review is more essential than expert review,”he says.But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine,the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data,but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research,according to David Vaux,a cell biologist.Researchers should improve their standards,he wrote in 2012,but journals should also take a tougher line,“engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”.Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians“has some merit,but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify‘the papers that need scrutiny’in the first place”.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 thatA.Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.B.journals are strengthening their statistical checks.C.few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.D.lack of data analysis is common in research projects.
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process,editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial.Working with the American Statistical Association,the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors（SBoRE）.Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors,or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change,McNutt said:“The creation of the‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of?Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani,a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health,a member of the SBoRE group.He says he expects the board to“play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he“found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel,unique and likely to have a lasting impact.This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself,but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis,a physician who studies research methodology,says that the policy is“a most welcome step forward”and“long overdue.”“Most journals are weak in statistical review,and this damages the quality of what they publish.I think that,for the majority of scientific papers nowadays,statistical review is more essential than expert review,”he says.But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine,the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data,but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research,according to David Vaux,a cell biologist.Researchers should improve their standards,he wrote in 2012,but journals should also take a tougher line,“engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”.Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians“has some merit,but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify‘the papers that need scrutiny’in the first place”.David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA.adds to researchers’workload.B.diminishes the role of reviewers.C.has room for further improvement.D.is to fail in the foreseeable future
共用题干Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on______.A:any medical eventB:articles published in the same issueC:articles published in that journalD:medical development
共用题干Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A:Many medical journals also are published online.B:A few medical journals are general medical journals.C:Most medical journals are published only online.D:Most medical journals are specialty journals.
共用题干Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.The main readers of medical journals are______.A:the general publicB:health professionalsC:medical critics D:news reporters
共用题干Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.An article dealing rjth results from different studies on the same topic is called___＿＿.A:a research article B:a review articleC:a case report D:an editorial
共用题干Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. in the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.The main readers of medical journals are______.A:the general public B:health professionalsC:medical critics D:news reporters
共用题干第二篇Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and otherhealth professionals.In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze、the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per- spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provideit way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on__________.A:any medical eventB:articles published in the same issueC:articles published in that journalD:medical development
共用题干第二篇Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and otherhealth professionals.In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze、the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per- spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provideit way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A:Many medical journals also are published online.B:A few medical journals are general medical journals.C:Most medical journals are published only online.D:Most medical journals are specialty journals.
共用题干Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. in the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on＿____.A:any medical eventB:articles published in the same issueC:articles published in that journalD:medical development
共用题干第二篇Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and otherhealth professionals.In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze、the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per- spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provideit way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called__________.A:a research articleB:a review articleC:a case reportD:an editorial
共用题干第二篇Medical JournalsMedical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and otherhealth professionals.In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze、the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per- spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provideit way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.The main readers of medical journals are_________.A:the general publicB:health professionalsC:medical criticsD:news reporters
单选题The nation’s fledgling economy struggled because the investment from other countries into its major industries was lacking from most of them.Abecause the investment from other countries into its major industries was lacking from most of themBbecause few other countries were willing to invest in its major industriesCdue to the fact that few other countries would have invested in its major industriesDbecause of the lack of investment from few other countries in its major industriesEfor the lack of investment in its major industries from other countries
单选题The （） of the semi-built method of the construction crankshaft is that by making the two webs and crankpin from a single forging the grain flow in the steel follows the web round into the crankpin and back down the other web.AadvantagesBdisadvantagesCpower advantagesDpower disadvantages