DNext time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.51. According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.A. the visitors to his officeB. the psychology lessons he hasC. his physical feeling of coldnessD. the things he has bought online
D
Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
51. According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.
A. the visitors to his office
B. the psychology lessons he has
C. his physical feeling of coldness
D. the things he has bought online
相关考题：
You’re () your time trying to persuade him, he will never join us. A、spendingB、losingC、wastingD、missing
If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should .A. change the amount of your next doseB, eat more when taking your next doseC. have a dose as soon as you rememberD. take the next dose at your regular time
You'd better tell him what to do next as soon as he _______ back.A：comeB：cameC：is comingD：comes
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，回答51－55题。 Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A． Bargh.Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.第16题：According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by（ ）A． the visitors to his officeB． the psychology lessons he hasC． his physical feeling of coldnessD． the things he has bought online
资料：As a startup founder, my daily tasks include everything from long-term strategic planning to approving team outings and company culture initiatives. Day after day, things inevitably come up that need to get handled ASAP. But I’ve also learned that if you don’t have a strategy for making time for those bigger ambitions and your truly lofty goals, they’ll simply never get done. And that means you won’t make the progress that’s really going to move your business forward.1. FIND YOUR MOST PRODUCTIVE TIMEFace it: You aren’t cranking out work at absolute peak productivity for the entire day. Instead, there are likely certain times when you’re at your most focused and other times when your energy wanes. That’s normal. Maybe for you, it’s bright and early in the morning, before anyone else arrives in the office, when you do your best work. Whenever it is, identify that chunk of time （even if it’s only an hour!） when you feel most productive, and then reserve it on your calendar like you would any other important meeting. You need to protect this block of time from intrusion--it isn’t optional. That way you’re guaranteed to have a regular, designated period when you can at least get started on those bigger to-dos.2. CREATE PHYSICAL BARRIERSNobody works in a vacuum. We all have to collaborate with others to some degree or another. And it’s the people we work closest with whom we tend to put first--we want to be readily available if they need our help. But there are times you need to tune out the distractions and focus if you’re going to get any meaningful work done.One of the most effective methods I’ve found is to put physical barriers between us. I’ll work from a conference room or even from home on occasion in order to get some literal space from people needing “just one quick thing.”What can be inferred from paragraph 3?A.You have to be readily available in the office.B.People cannot work in a vacuum.C.People in the office love helping others.D.Sometimes we have to decline colleagues’ requests.
资料：As a startup founder, my daily tasks include everything from long-term strategic planning to approving team outings and company culture initiatives. Day after day, things inevitably come up that need to get handled ASAP. But I’ve also learned that if you don’t have a strategy for making time for those bigger ambitions and your truly lofty goals, they’ll simply never get done. And that means you won’t make the progress that’s really going to move your business forward.1. FIND YOUR MOST PRODUCTIVE TIMEFace it: You aren’t cranking out work at absolute peak productivity for the entire day. Instead, there are likely certain times when you’re at your most focused and other times when your energy wanes. That’s normal. Maybe for you, it’s bright and early in the morning, before anyone else arrives in the office, when you do your best work. Whenever it is, identify that chunk of time （even if it’s only an hour!） when you feel most productive, and then reserve it on your calendar like you would any other important meeting. You need to protect this block of time from intrusion--it isn’t optional. That way you’re guaranteed to have a regular, designated period when you can at least get started on those bigger to-dos.2. CREATE PHYSICAL BARRIERSNobody works in a vacuum. We all have to collaborate with others to some degree or another. And it’s the people we work closest with whom we tend to put first--we want to be readily available if they need our help. But there are times you need to tune out the distractions and focus if you’re going to get any meaningful work done.One of the most effective methods I’ve found is to put physical barriers between us. I’ll work from a conference room or even from home on occasion in order to get some literal space from people needing “just one quick thing.”According to paragraph 2, which of the following the “chunk of time” the author is talking about?A.When you are most focusedB.When there is no distractionsC.Late at nightD.Bright and early in the morning
资料：As a startup founder, my daily tasks include everything from long-term strategic planning to approving team outings and company culture initiatives. Day after day, things inevitably come up that need to get handled ASAP. But I’ve also learned that if you don’t have a strategy for making time for those bigger ambitions and your truly lofty goals, they’ll simply never get done. And that means you won’t make the progress that’s really going to move your business forward.1. FIND YOUR MOST PRODUCTIVE TIMEFace it: You aren’t cranking out work at absolute peak productivity for the entire day. Instead, there are likely certain times when you’re at your most focused and other times when your energy wanes. That’s normal. Maybe for you, it’s bright and early in the morning, before anyone else arrives in the office, when you do your best work. Whenever it is, identify that chunk of time （even if it’s only an hour!） when you feel most productive, and then reserve it on your calendar like you would any other important meeting. You need to protect this block of time from intrusion--it isn’t optional. That way you’re guaranteed to have a regular, designated period when you can at least get started on those bigger to-dos.2. CREATE PHYSICAL BARRIERSNobody works in a vacuum. We all have to collaborate with others to some degree or another. And it’s the people we work closest with whom we tend to put first--we want to be readily available if they need our help. But there are times you need to tune out the distractions and focus if you’re going to get any meaningful work done.One of the most effective methods I’ve found is to put physical barriers between us. I’ll work from a conference room or even from home on occasion in order to get some literal space from people needing “just one quick thing.”What is the article mainly about?A.How to manage your time wellB.How to overcome different challenges in the officeC.How to win competitions and get promotionsD.How to prevent distractions and focus on big issues
资料：As a startup founder, my daily tasks include everything from long-term strategic planning to approving team outings and company culture initiatives. Day after day, things inevitably come up that need to get handled ASAP. But I’ve also learned that if you don’t have a strategy for making time for those bigger ambitions and your truly lofty goals, they’ll simply never get done. And that means you won’t make the progress that’s really going to move your business forward.1. FIND YOUR MOST PRODUCTIVE TIMEFace it: You aren’t cranking out work at absolute peak productivity for the entire day. Instead, there are likely certain times when you’re at your most focused and other times when your energy wanes. That’s normal. Maybe for you, it’s bright and early in the morning, before anyone else arrives in the office, when you do your best work. Whenever it is, identify that chunk of time （even if it’s only an hour!） when you feel most productive, and then reserve it on your calendar like you would any other important meeting. You need to protect this block of time from intrusion--it isn’t optional. That way you’re guaranteed to have a regular, designated period when you can at least get started on those bigger to-dos.2. CREATE PHYSICAL BARRIERSNobody works in a vacuum. We all have to collaborate with others to some degree or another. And it’s the people we work closest with whom we tend to put first--we want to be readily available if they need our help. But there are times you need to tune out the distractions and focus if you’re going to get any meaningful work done.One of the most effective methods I’ve found is to put physical barriers between us. I’ll work from a conference room or even from home on occasion in order to get some literal space from people needing “just one quick thing.”What may the author discuss later?A.The author may talk about the administration system.B.The author may teach the readers to make a timetable.C.The author may put forward another suggestion.D.The author may discuss the office environments.
根据以下材料，回答There are two types of people in thisworld: those who regularly wash their office coffee cup. And those who only takeit off their desk to cover up the coffee mark at the bottom with a fresh pour, drivingaway their shame with the reasoning that the heat must kill the bacteria orspine thing.Depending on which type of person you are,this will be either mildly annoying or more-than-mildly exciting. As HeidiMitchell wrote in a recent Wall Street Journal column, it′ s fine to never washyour cup, as long as you′ re not sharing it with anybody else.There are two warnings to that statement,infectious-disease expert Jeffrey Strake, a professor at Baylor College ofMedicine, told Mitchell; One, it only applies if you′re not sharing the cupwith anybody else. And two, if you leave cream or sugar in your cup over theweekend, that can certainly cause mold(霉) to grow--in which case, wash it out.Otherwise, though, there′s not really muchto worry about. "If I went and cultured the average unwashed coffee cup,of course I would find bacteria." Starke said. "But remember the vastmajority came from the person who used the cup." Even if you drink from itwhile sick, it′s pretty hard to re-infect yourself with the same cup; mostviruses don′t live long outside the body, which means that just letting yourcup live in its own dirt may be a safer bet than the alternative; cleaning it withthe disgusting sponge (海绵) in theoffice kitchen "The sponge in the break room probably has the highestbacteria count of anything in the office." Starke said if the idea of notwashing horrifies you, just stick the sponge in the microwave before using.Otherwise, though, reel free to continue your lazy ways without guilt.What does the underlined part"your lazy ways" refer to?A.Leaving your coffee cup unwashed.B.Sticking the sponge in the microwaveC.Using Paper cups only in the officeD.Cleaning your coffee cup with sponge.
根据以下材料，回答There are two types of people in thisworld: those who regularly wash their office coffee cup. And those who only takeit off their desk to cover up the coffee mark at the bottom with a fresh pour, drivingaway their shame with the reasoning that the heat must kill the bacteria orspine thing.Depending on which type of person you are,this will be either mildly annoying or more-than-mildly exciting. As HeidiMitchell wrote in a recent Wall Street Journal column, it′ s fine to never washyour cup, as long as you′ re not sharing it with anybody else.There are two warnings to that statement,infectious-disease expert Jeffrey Strake, a professor at Baylor College ofMedicine, told Mitchell; One, it only applies if you′re not sharing the cupwith anybody else. And two, if you leave cream or sugar in your cup over theweekend, that can certainly cause mold(霉) to grow--in which case, wash it out.Otherwise, though, there′s not really muchto worry about. "If I went and cultured the average unwashed coffee cup,of course I would find bacteria." Starke said. "But remember the vastmajority came from the person who used the cup." Even if you drink from itwhile sick, it′s pretty hard to re-infect yourself with the same cup; mostviruses don′t live long outside the body, which means that just letting yourcup live in its own dirt may be a safer bet than the alternative; cleaning it withthe disgusting sponge (海绵) in theoffice kitchen "The sponge in the break room probably has the highestbacteria count of anything in the office." Starke said if the idea of notwashing horrifies you, just stick the sponge in the microwave before using.Otherwise, though, reel free to continue your lazy ways without guilt.What do we know from Stark′s words?A.The coffee cup in the office must be putin the microwave to clean.B.It's easy to get infected if you oftenuse the same unwashed cup.C.The coffee cup shouldn't be shared inthe office.D.It' s good way to grow bacteria in anunwashed cup.
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问答题Practice 1 Suppose your friend David Johnson in Washington has just got a Ph.D. in law. Write a letter of congratulation to him. Also tell him you will attend a meeting in Washington next month. Ask him whether he has any time to show you around the city. You should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter...Use “Wang Lin” instead. You don’t need to write the address.
问答题Directions: Your friend Xiao Ming saw you off on your trip to another city. Write a letter to him. In the letter, you should （1） express your thanks; （2） tell him you had a pleasant trip; （3）tell him your next plan there. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.
问答题Practice 5 ● You are a manager in a company which manufactures office furniture. Next month you are going to New York to discuss an important contract. ● Write a note to your assistant: ● Saying when you want to leave and return; ● Telling her which hotel to book. ● Write 30-40words.
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问答题Practice 2 ● You are a manager in a company which manufactures office furniture. Next month you are going to London to discuss an important contract. ● Write a note to your assistant: ● saying when you want to leave and return ● asking him to book flights ● telling him which hotel to book. ● Write 40-50 words on a separate sheet.
问答题Practice 2 ● A customer wrote a letter of complaint because he was overcharged when he checked out of your hotel. You have to ease his anger and disappointment in hopes of keeping him at your hotel again during his next visit. ● Write a letter to Mr. Sholes: ● Apologising for the mistake made by your side; ● Telling him how this happened; ● Offering compensations to the client. ● Write about 60—80 words.
问答题Practice 5 ● You are a department manager at a large IT company. Next week you are going to Beijing to discuss an important contract. ● Write a note to your assistant: ●Saying when you want to leave and return; ●Asking him to book flights; ●Telling him in which hotel to book a room. ● Write 40-50 words on your separate sheet.
问答题Practice 2 ● You are the General Manager of the Northern Shanghai Import and Export Company. You have arranged to visit a branch office in Luen Wu next week. However, an important client from Hong Kong has just written to tell you that he will be visiting Shanghai next week and would like to meet you for discussions. He says that this is the only time he will be visiting Shanghai during the year, and you know that it is very important for you to see him. ● Write a fax to the manager of the branch office in Luen Wu. ● Tell him or her about the client’s visit. ● Explain why it is important for you to see the Hong Kong client. ● Re-arrange the date of your visit to Luen Wu. ●Write 60-80 words.