共用题干So Many"Earths"The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than the Earth.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干
So Many"Earths"
The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.
A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.
The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.
The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.
The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.
Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.
So Many"Earths"
The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.
A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.
The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.
The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.
The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.
Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.
The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than the Earth.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
参考解析
解析：第二段第一句表明，近来的机械故障使开普勒太空望远镜不再为我们服务，通篇并没有提到开普勒太空望远镜为我们服务了多少年，所以选择C项。
第二段最后一句表明，开普勒太空望远镜主要关注与地球有相似环境的星球，所以选择A项。
第三段第二句表明，可以让生命存在的星球的直径至少要和地球的直径一样大，但不会超过地球直径的两倍。由此不难推断出其应该不比地球小，所以选择B项。
第三段第三、四句表明，适合人类居住的星球必须与它所环绕的恒星有一个适于居住的距离，以保证星球表面的温度能够允许液态水的存在。地球不仅适合人类居住，而且还绕着太阳运行。由此可知，题干表述正确。
第四段第一句表明，该项新评估源于对超过4.2万颗星球的分析，而非源于对17万颗星球的分析，所以选择B项。
第五段第一句表明，研究人员承认这项评估是粗糙的，即不精确的，所以选择A项。
文章第一段指出，这次的调查结果是新的发现，但通篇文章并未提到这是对可能有生命存在的星球的首次研究。
第二段最后一句表明，开普勒太空望远镜主要关注与地球有相似环境的星球，所以选择A项。
第三段第二句表明，可以让生命存在的星球的直径至少要和地球的直径一样大，但不会超过地球直径的两倍。由此不难推断出其应该不比地球小，所以选择B项。
第三段第三、四句表明，适合人类居住的星球必须与它所环绕的恒星有一个适于居住的距离，以保证星球表面的温度能够允许液态水的存在。地球不仅适合人类居住，而且还绕着太阳运行。由此可知，题干表述正确。
第四段第一句表明，该项新评估源于对超过4.2万颗星球的分析，而非源于对17万颗星球的分析，所以选择B项。
第五段第一句表明，研究人员承认这项评估是粗糙的，即不精确的，所以选择A项。
文章第一段指出，这次的调查结果是新的发现，但通篇文章并未提到这是对可能有生命存在的星球的首次研究。
相关考题：
“Master, I could be wrong, but that may not be the best way to win the girl's affections.”is a line from() A、PocahontasB、Polar ExpressC、Beauty and BeastD、Charlotte's Web
BIn the 1500s，the camera was invented．However，in the early 1800s people found a way to make the pictures permanent． Even then，photography was a new field． Most families had their pictures taken by photographers．People did not own cameras because taking pictures and developing the films were too difficult．In 1884 ，George Eastman invented a kind of film．lt could be put into a small camera． The new film was easy to use． So many people began to buy cameras． When they had used up their films people returned their cameras to the factory． There，the films were developed，and pictures were made． More films were put into the cameras． And they were sent back to the owners with their pictures．Today's cameras are much easier to use． Photography has become a hot hobby， There are also many new jobs in this field，especially in news reporting． Newspapers，magazines，and tele-vision all need pictures to tell stories， Photographers help scientists by taking pictures through microscopes and telescopes． Deep-sea divers take pictures of ocean plants and animals． Astro-nauts take their cameras into space． Man finds new uses of the camera every day．( )26． When did people find a way to make the pictures permanent?A． In the 1500s．B． In the 1600s．C． In the 1700s．D． In the 1800s．
There’s no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilization. However, all new technologies have their teething problems, And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities. Numerous science-fiction books and movies have raised people’s fears about nanotechnology ---with scenarios such as inserting little nano-robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realizing it,or self-replicating nano-robots that eventually take over the world. So how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology? Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling. They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles in laboratories and factories. Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research. But as far as I’m concerned there’s a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology.I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology. We can’t go around thinking that all innovation is bad.all advancement is bad. As with the debate about any new technology.it is how you use it that’s important.So let’s look at some of its possible uses. Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation with the production of more durable metals. These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present. Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of traveling into space making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up a totally new holiday destination. In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes. We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory but will be about the size of a sugar cube. Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power .The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.In the author’s opinion, research into nanotechnology probably means that it_A. has yet to win popular support B. ought to be continuedC. could be seen as unethicalD. can replicate people completely
There’s no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilization. However, all new technologies have their teething problems, And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities. Numerous science-fiction books and movies have raised people’s fears about nanotechnology ---with scenarios such as inserting little nano-robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realizing it,or self-replicating nano-robots that eventually take over the world. So how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology? Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling. They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles in laboratories and factories. Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research. But as far as I’m concerned there’s a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology.I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology. We can’t go around thinking that all innovation is bad.all advancement is bad. As with the debate about any new technology.it is how you use it that’s important.So let’s look at some of its possible uses. Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation with the production of more durable metals. These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present. Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of traveling into space making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up a totally new holiday destination. In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes. We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory but will be about the size of a sugar cube. Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power .The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.In this passage the author tells us that one problem with nanotech is that___A. it could threaten our way of lifeB. It is misunderstood by the publicC. It could be used to spy on people D. We only see nanotechology in some books and movies
共用题干第二篇The Mir Space StationThe Russian Mir Space Station,which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight,is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history.It can be credited with many firsts in space.During Mir's lifetime,Russia spent about US $4.2 billion to build and maintain the station.The Soviet Union launched Mir,which was designed to last from three to five years,on February 20, 1986,and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months,most of whom were not Russian.In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to 162 people from 1 1 countries.From 1995 through 1998,seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each.They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles.The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating,but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.A debate continues over Mir's contributions to science.During its existence,Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment,estimated to be worth $80 million,from many nations.Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings,from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium（氦）atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space.But for those favouring human space exploration,Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars.The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995.And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station.The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid,who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished,1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir.In 1997,an oxygen generator caught fire.Later,the main computer system broke down,causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures.Most of these problems were repaired,with American help and suppliers,but Mir's reputation as a space station was ruined.Mir's setbacks are nothing,though,when we compare them with its accomplishments.Mir was a tremendous success,which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible.But it's time to move on to the next generation.The International Space Station being built will be better,but it owes a great debt to Mir.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that______.A:space exploration will not experience setbacksB:it is difficult for other space stations to exceed Mir's successC:Mir is the best long-term human habitation in space in historyD:multinational space operations are getting more accomplishments
共用题干第二篇The Mir Space StationThe Russian Mir Space Station,which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight,is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history.It can be credited with many firsts in space.During Mir's lifetime,Russia spent about US $4.2 billion to build and maintain the station.The Soviet Union launched Mir,which was designed to last from three to five years,on February 20, 1986,and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months,most of whom were not Russian.In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to 162 people from 1 1 countries.From 1995 through 1998,seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each.They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles.The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating,but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.A debate continues over Mir's contributions to science.During its existence,Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment,estimated to be worth $80 million,from many nations.Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings,from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium（氦）atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space.But for those favouring human space exploration,Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars.The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995.And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station.The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid,who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished,1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir.In 1997,an oxygen generator caught fire.Later,the main computer system broke down,causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures.Most of these problems were repaired,with American help and suppliers,but Mir's reputation as a space station was ruined.Mir's setbacks are nothing,though,when we compare them with its accomplishments.Mir was a tremendous success,which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible.But it's time to move on to the next generation.The International Space Station being built will be better,but it owes a great debt to Mir.One of the contributions Mir makes to science is that it______.A:helps astronauts get close to MarsB:enables scientists to develop new scientific equipmentC:sets a record of the longest single human stay in spaceD:shows that multinational operations in space are less expensive
Text3 NASA has hired airplane manufacturer Lockheed Martin to build its next experimental plane,which is designed to fly faster than the speed of sound without producing the loud sonic booms that have plagued the transportation form.The plane is due to be delivered in 2021 and will cost just shy of$250 million.During a press conference hosted by the agency during which they announced the partnership,Lockheed Martin spokesperson Dave Richardson explained that the new plane will be neither a prototype for a new commercial airplane,nor a reincamation of previous supersonic jets."This is a purpose-built experimental research craft,"he said."This aircraft was designed from a clean sheet."NASA will use the plane to gather data about the impact ofits low-boom design,which the agency hopes will address the single biggest challenge of supersonic flight.Flying faster than the speed of sound produces shock waves that result in a loud booming sound."The air does not know that the airplane is coming,"Peter Coen,a NASA project manager for supersonic technology,explained during the press conference,Because no one liked hearing that noise,the Federal Aviation Administration and similar international organizations banned supersonic travel over land,Now,NASA thinks technology can break the sound barrier without being quite so loud about it.The secret is in the shape of the plane.Sonic booms form because the plane's flight produces many shock waves of different strengths headed in different directions that absorb into each other to create two strong pulses of pressure.From the testing done so far,NASA thinks the new plane's design successfully dissipates and weakens those shock waves,keeping them from forming the strong pulses responsible for booms.The plane would still produce what they've dubbed"sonic thumps,"but the hope is that those would be much easier to deal with.Once the new plane is built,NASA will run surveys on the ground to see how people respond to the sonic thumps.Then,the agency will bring that survey data to the Federal Aviation Administration and its intemational counterparts in order to revisit the rule about breaking the speed of sound over land."It's not about making a new airplane for airplanes'sake,although I love airplanes,"Richardson said."It's about the data that will be collected."If the rule change does come through,that could kick off a new era of commercial supersonic travel.32.The crucial factor in the sound barrier breaking technology isA.how to create the strong pulses of pressure.B.how to shape the experimental plane.C.how to run the surveys mentioned.D.how to produce the sonic thumps.
Text3 NASA has hired airplane manufacturer Lockheed Martin to build its next experimental plane,which is designed to fly faster than the speed of sound without producing the loud sonic booms that have plagued the transportation form.The plane is due to be delivered in 2021 and will cost just shy of$250 million.During a press conference hosted by the agency during which they announced the partnership,Lockheed Martin spokesperson Dave Richardson explained that the new plane will be neither a prototype for a new commercial airplane,nor a reincamation of previous supersonic jets."This is a purpose-built experimental research craft,"he said."This aircraft was designed from a clean sheet."NASA will use the plane to gather data about the impact ofits low-boom design,which the agency hopes will address the single biggest challenge of supersonic flight.Flying faster than the speed of sound produces shock waves that result in a loud booming sound."The air does not know that the airplane is coming,"Peter Coen,a NASA project manager for supersonic technology,explained during the press conference,Because no one liked hearing that noise,the Federal Aviation Administration and similar international organizations banned supersonic travel over land,Now,NASA thinks technology can break the sound barrier without being quite so loud about it.The secret is in the shape of the plane.Sonic booms form because the plane's flight produces many shock waves of different strengths headed in different directions that absorb into each other to create two strong pulses of pressure.From the testing done so far,NASA thinks the new plane's design successfully dissipates and weakens those shock waves,keeping them from forming the strong pulses responsible for booms.The plane would still produce what they've dubbed"sonic thumps,"but the hope is that those would be much easier to deal with.Once the new plane is built,NASA will run surveys on the ground to see how people respond to the sonic thumps.Then,the agency will bring that survey data to the Federal Aviation Administration and its intemational counterparts in order to revisit the rule about breaking the speed of sound over land."It's not about making a new airplane for airplanes'sake,although I love airplanes,"Richardson said."It's about the data that will be collected."If the rule change does come through,that could kick off a new era of commercial supersonic travel.31.According to the first two paragraphs,the experimental planeA.will need an exact budget of$250 million.B.will be put into service in 2021.C.is designed from an entirely new angle.D.is based on a new commercial purpose.
Text3 NASA has hired airplane manufacturer Lockheed Martin to build its next experimental plane,which is designed to fly faster than the speed of sound without producing the loud sonic booms that have plagued the transportation form.The plane is due to be delivered in 2021 and will cost just shy of$250 million.During a press conference hosted by the agency during which they announced the partnership,Lockheed Martin spokesperson Dave Richardson explained that the new plane will be neither a prototype for a new commercial airplane,nor a reincamation of previous supersonic jets."This is a purpose-built experimental research craft,"he said."This aircraft was designed from a clean sheet."NASA will use the plane to gather data about the impact ofits low-boom design,which the agency hopes will address the single biggest challenge of supersonic flight.Flying faster than the speed of sound produces shock waves that result in a loud booming sound."The air does not know that the airplane is coming,"Peter Coen,a NASA project manager for supersonic technology,explained during the press conference,Because no one liked hearing that noise,the Federal Aviation Administration and similar international organizations banned supersonic travel over land,Now,NASA thinks technology can break the sound barrier without being quite so loud about it.The secret is in the shape of the plane.Sonic booms form because the plane's flight produces many shock waves of different strengths headed in different directions that absorb into each other to create two strong pulses of pressure.From the testing done so far,NASA thinks the new plane's design successfully dissipates and weakens those shock waves,keeping them from forming the strong pulses responsible for booms.The plane would still produce what they've dubbed"sonic thumps,"but the hope is that those would be much easier to deal with.Once the new plane is built,NASA will run surveys on the ground to see how people respond to the sonic thumps.Then,the agency will bring that survey data to the Federal Aviation Administration and its intemational counterparts in order to revisit the rule about breaking the speed of sound over land."It's not about making a new airplane for airplanes'sake,although I love airplanes,"Richardson said."It's about the data that will be collected."If the rule change does come through,that could kick off a new era of commercial supersonic travel.35.In the eyes of the author,the new plane isA.promising.B.premium.C.speedy.D.risky.
共用题干第三篇 The Body ThievesIn the early nineteenth century in Britain,many improvements were being made in the world of medicine.Doctors and surgeons were becoming more knowledgeable about thehuman body.Illnesses that had been fatal a few years before were now curable.However, surgeons had one problem.They needed dead bodies to cut up,or dissect（解剖）.This was the only way that they could learn about the flesh and bones inside the body,and the only way to teach new surgeons to carry out operations.The job of finding these dead bodies was carried out by an unpleasant group of people called "body snatchers". They went into graveyards（墓地）at night and, using woodenshovels to make less noise,dug up any recently buried bodies.Then they took the bodies to the medical schools and sold them.A body could be sold for between ￡5 and ￡10, which was a lot of money at that time.The doctors who paid the body snatchers had an agreement with them一they never asked any questions.They did not desire to know where the bodies came from,as long as they kept arriving.The most famous of these body snatchers were two men from Edinburgh called William Burke and Wil!iam Hare.Burke and Hare were different because they did not」ust dig up bodies from graveyards.They got greedy and thought of an easier way to find bodies. Instead of digging them up,they killed the poorer guests in Hare's small hotel.Dr Knox, the respected surgeon they worked for,never asked why all the bodies they brought him had been strangled（勒死）.For many years Burke and Hare were not caught because,unsurprisingly,the bodies of their victims were never found by the police.They were eventually arrested and put ontrial in 1829.The judge showed mercy to Hare and he was released but Burke was found guilty and his punishment was to be hanged.Appropriately,his body was given to the medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table,just like his victims.In one small way，justice was done.Now,over 1 50 years later,surgeons do not need the help of criminals to learn their skills.However,the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather gruesome（令人毛骨惊然的）help.The bodies of Burke's and Hare's victims couldn't be found by the police becauseA: they had been stolen.B:they had been strangled.C: they had been dissected.D:they had been buried.
共用题干Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,andYet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature，”says Hammond.Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.What is Belcher's team doing at present?A: It is finding ways to get rid of viruses.B: It is mass-producing micro-batteries.C: It is making batteries with viruses.D: It is analyzing virus genes.
共用题干So Many"Earths"The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干So Many"Earths"The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars in the Milky Way.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干So Many"Earths"The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.The Earth is a planet orbiting in the Sun's habitable zone.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Where Did the Earth's Water Come From?Earth is located within the"snow line"of the solar system,the region closest to the Sun where H2 0 is primarily in liquid or gaseous form,if at all.______(46)The snow line phenomena is reflected in the water content of planets like Mercury,Venus,and Mars. Water is absent on Mercury.On Venus,H2O only exists as a trace element in the atmosphere.Mars only has a thin veneer of ice in its polar regions.In general,water is rare within the snow line.Why does Earth have so much water relative to the other inner planets?71%of the surface is covered in the oceans,more than half of which is deeper than 3,000 meters,with an approximate total volume of 1.3 billion cu km.______(47)There are various theories as to where all the Earth's water came from,but several theories have fared better than the others.______(48)When the Earth was in the process of forming,with a radius just 40%smaller than at present,it would have had enough gravity to hold on to a tenuous atmosphere with water vapor. The first water vapor on the planet would have come from the planet's internals,where volatile(low weight)chemicals would have a tendency to float to the top,and heavy chemicals(iron and nickel)would sink.Though the first of Earth's water came about through volcanism,this alone probably didn't produce enough to form stable pools on the surface.______(49)Comparing the isotope ratios of water on Earth and water from comets and asteroids has revealed that the majority of the Earth's water comes from asteroids.Throughout its history,Earth's water has increased in volume due to biological processes. In the early seas of Earth,hydrogen sulfide would have been in great supply,which,when reacted with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis in sulfide-reducing bacteria,would have produced hydrogen,sulfur,and water.______(50)________（49）A: More water was added to the planet during several hypothesized large impacts from asteroids from the outer asteroid belt.B:We know that the oceans existed as early as 100 million years after the formation of the Earth.C:Still,the oceans only make up 0.023%of the Earth's total mass.D:Astronomers say Earth s water may have come from space.E:The snow line is located in the outerasteroid belt,between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. F: Many geologists believe that the majority of Earth's water generated through this process.
共用题干第三篇Human Space ExplorationWhile scientists are searching the cause of the Columbia disaster,NASA is moving ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would replace shuttles（航天飞机）on space station missions by 2012 and respond quickly to space station emergencies.The space agency released the first set of mission needs and requirements several days ago for the orbital space plane（轨道航天飞机）,which would be designed to transport a crew of four to and from the International Space Station.Although it includes few specifics, the plan states the orbiter（轨道航天飞机）will be safer,cheaper and require less preparation time than the shuttle.It would be able to transport four crew members by 2012一though it would be available for rescue missions by 2010.NASA says the craft should be able to transport injured or ill space station crew members to "definitive（决定性的）medical care" within 24 hours.The release of the requirements showed NASA remains focused on the long-term priorities of space exploration,even as questions exist concerning the loss of Columbia and its seven-member crew on February 1,2003.Experts at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville,Alabama,have been working for years on a successor to the shuttle.The project,known as the Space Launch Initiative（倡议）,was divided last year into two parts一one focusing on a future launch vehicle,the other on a space station orbiter. The orbiter is expected to be ready sooner.The program's managers say NASA officials have told them not to alter Space Launch Initiative in light of the Columbia disaster.U.S. President George W. Bush asked Congress for about U.S.$1 billion for Space Launch Initiative in 2004,funds that would be almost equally split between the Orbital Space Plane and Next Generation Launch Technology.NASA plans to design the new space craft toA:control the International Space Station.B:carry astronauts to the International Space Station.C:transport equipment to the International Space Station.D:train astronauts in space flights.
共用题干So Many"Earths"The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干第三篇Human Space ExplorationWhile scientists are searching the cause of the Columbia disaster,NASA is moving ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would replace shuttles（航天飞机）on space station missions by 2012 and respond quickly to space station emergencies.The space agency released the first set of mission needs and requirements several days ago for the orbital space plane（轨道航天飞机）,which would be designed to transport a crew of four to and from the International Space Station.Although it includes few specifics, the plan states the orbiter（轨道航天飞机）will be safer,cheaper and require less preparation time than the shuttle.It would be able to transport four crew members by 2012一though it would be available for rescue missions by 2010.NASA says the craft should be able to transport injured or ill space station crew members to "definitive（决定性的）medical care" within 24 hours.The release of the requirements showed NASA remains focused on the long-term priorities of space exploration,even as questions exist concerning the loss of Columbia and its seven-member crew on February 1,2003.Experts at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville,Alabama,have been working for years on a successor to the shuttle.The project,known as the Space Launch Initiative（倡议）,was divided last year into two parts一one focusing on a future launch vehicle,the other on a space station orbiter. The orbiter is expected to be ready sooner.The program's managers say NASA officials have told them not to alter Space Launch Initiative in light of the Columbia disaster.U.S. President George W. Bush asked Congress for about U.S.$1 billion for Space Launch Initiative in 2004,funds that would be almost equally split between the Orbital Space Plane and Next Generation Launch Technology.The design of the orbiter indicatesA:NASA's determination to continue space exploration.B:NASA's disadvantage in space technology.C:the great pressure from Congress on NASA.D:a heavy defeat for NASA.
共用题干So Many"Earths"The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earth's.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干So Many"Earths"The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干So Many"Earths"The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
How can a directory be excluded from a mksysb backup of the following？（）A、Put an entry in the /etc/exclude.rootvg fileB、Put an entry in the /etc/mksysb.exclude fileC、Remove the directory’s entry from the mksysb /image.data fileD、Remove the directory’s entry from the /var/adm/ras/bosinst.data file
How can a directory be excluded from a mksysb backup（）A、Put an entry in the /etc/exclude.rootvg file.B、Put an entry in the /etc/mksysb.exclude file.C、Remove the directory’s entry from the mksysb /image.data file.D、Remove the directory’s entry from the /var/adm/ras/bosinst.data file.
Error log analysis indicates that a disk is starting to fail and will need to be replaced. The failing disk contains multiple logical volumes which span multiple disks. A free disk has been added to the failing disk’s volume group.Which of the following is the most efficient method to move the data from the failing disk to the new disk？（）A、Back up the data， remove the failing disk from the volume group， then restore the data to the new disk.B、Use the migratepv command to move data from one disk to another and then remove the failing disk from the volume group.C、Use the mirrorvg command to mirror the data to the new disk， break the mirror and then remove the failing disk from the volume group.D、Create a new filesystem on the new disk and use the mv command to move the data to the new filesystem， and then remove the failing disk from the volume group.
单选题The greatest chance for the existence of extraterrestrial life is on a planet beyond our solar system. The Milky Way galaxy alone contains 100 billion other suns, many of which could be accompanied by planets similar enough to Earth to make them suitable abodes of life. The statement above assumes which of the following?ALiving creatures on another planet would probably have the same appearance as those on Earth.BLife cannot exist on other planets in our solar system.CIf the appropriate physical conditions exist, life is an inevitable consequence.DMore than one of the suns in the galaxy is accompanied by an Earth-like planet.EIt is likely that life on another planet would require conditions similar to those on Earth.
问答题Is There Life on Mars? The American space agency, NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration), has drawn up a short list of ten research projects that will form the basic of an ambitious program to explore the planet Mars in a mission scheduled for launch in 2007. Scientists are being asked to use their ingenuity to devise novel ways to explore the red planet using intelligent robots and probes that might perhaps answer the biggest question of all—-is there life on Mars? NASA chose the ten projects from a list of 43 hopefuls. It has included missions for returning samples of Martian dust and gas to Earth, networks of small landers, orbiting constellations of microprobes and a rover that would try to date the precise age of rocks and soils. The ten concepts are part of the Mars Scout program to be launched in six years. This follows a decade of the most intensive interest in Mars since the two Viking probes of 1976 which sent back eerie images of the Martian landscape some 400 million kilometers away. But the history of Mars exploration is littered with failure—more than half of the 30 missions to date have ended in fiasco. It was NASA’s announcement in August 1996 of possible signs of life in a Martian meteorite which had fallen to Earth that rekindled intense interest in Earth’s nearest neighbor. It was assumed that liquid water had once flowed on Mars and an ancient atmosphere might have supported living organisms. However, opposing camps of scientists bitterly disputed NASA’s evidence for primitive life-forms in the Martian meteorite ALH84001. This led to the conclusion that the only way of finding out whether life ever existed on Mars is to go there and have a look. NASA planned a bold series of increasingly complex missions involving the launch of a couple of space probes every year for a dozen years. One of the most successful so far was the shoe-box-sized So-journer rover which thrilled a world Internet audience when it was wheeled out in 1997. Since then, however, NASA has suffered a series of setbacks. In September 1999 its Mars Climate Orbiter was lost as a failed rocket bum plunged it into the Martian atmosphere. NASA blamed it on one of its team using imperial units and another using metric. Three months later, NASA lost contact with its Polar Lander as it approached touchdown on the frozen South Pole of the planet. Space commentators muttered darkly about Mars being a cosmic equivalent of the Bermuda triangle. The year of 2001 saw the successful completion of the Global Surveyor mission, an orbiting probe that took pictures of what some scientists say are channels in the dust where water may still occasionally flow from underground well. More recently, the Mars Odyssey probe was launched without hitch and is due to arrive in 2008. Meanwhile, the European Space Agency is planning its own visit to the red planet with the launch of its Mars Express mission scheduled for take-off in .June 2003. Britain is designated to take a lead role in the project with the Beagle 2 Lander, a small craft, the size of a kitchen sink designed to shuffle over the Martian landscape taking soil and rock samples, analyzing them for signs of life and transmitting the data back to Earth. Beagle 2—framed after the ship that carded Charles Darwin on his voyage of discovery—will weigh just 60 kilograms and will cost about US $225,000 to build, a fraction of the cost of building the Viking space probes more than 25 years ago. Beagle 2 will look for water, minerals and organic matter. Although it will reach Mars before NASA’s Scout mission is even launched, it will be considerably less sophisticated in tea’ms of analytical technology. The focus now for NASA is on what instruments and robots to put on the Mars Scout mission in six years. Ed Weiler, NASA’s associate administrator for space science, had to decide on a top ten to concentrate NASA’s limited resources. Each project is to receive a grant of $150,000 to see them through the next six months of development. It all has to come out of a total project budget capped at $300 million. These Scout concepts embody the spirit I first thought about more than a year ago; and will enable us to explore the diversity of Mars in new ways, Dr Weiler said.
问答题If you count from 1 to 100, how many “8”s will you pass on the way?