We experience a burst of pleasure when we share our thoughts,and this drives us to communlcate.It is a useful feature of our brain,because it ensures that knowledge,experience and ideas do not get buried with the person who first had them,and that as a society we benefit from the products of many minds.Of course,in order for that to happen,merely sharing is not enough.We need to cause a reaction.Each time we share our opinions and knowledge,it is with the intention of having an impact on others.Here's the problem,though:we approach this task from inside our own heads.When attempting to create impact,we reflect on what is persuasive to us,our state of mind.our desires and our goals.But if we want to affect the behaviours and beliefs of the person in front of us,we need to understand what goes on inside their head.
We experience a burst of pleasure when we share our thoughts,and this drives us to communlcate.It is a useful feature of our brain,because it ensures that knowledge,experience and ideas do not get buried with the person who first had them,and that as a society we benefit from the products of many minds.Of course,in order for that to happen,merely sharing is not enough.We need to cause a reaction.Each time we share our opinions and knowledge,it is with the intention of having an impact on others.Here's the problem,though:we approach this task from inside our own heads.When attempting to create impact,we reflect on what is persuasive to us,our state of mind.our desires and our goals.But if we want to affect the behaviours and beliefs of the person in front of us,we need to understand what goes on inside their head.
参考解析
解析：我们在分享自己的想法时会感到一阵愉悦．正是这种感觉驱使我们进行交流。我们大脑的这个特点非常有用．因为它保证了知识、经验和想法不会随着它们最初的拥有者而遭到埋没；我们作为一个社会，则能从许多聪明人的成果中受益。当然，要使这种情况发生，单纯的分享是不够的。我们需要引起一个反应。我们每次分享自己的意见和知识时，正是抱着对他人施加影响的目的。但这正是问题所在：我们从自己的内心出发处理这件事情。当我们试图造成影响时，我们回想对我们具有说服力的东西．我们的精神状态，我们的渴望以及我们的目标。但我们如果想影响我们面前这个人的行为和想法，却需要理解他们的脑子里在想什么。
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DIt is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’ opinions. One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. .Different from popular belief ,we do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas （known as “mentalese”）, and writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language . But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form. of a complex tapestry （织锦），writing can only be composed one thread at a time . Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produces new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.When people write as if some strict critics （批评家） are looking over their shoulder , they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it ,as wonderful and worth putting down . It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.68. What do we learn from the text about those famous writers?A They often regret writing poor worksB Some of them write surprisingly much.C Many of them hate reading their own worksD They are happy to review the publishers’ opinions.
Books are to mankind what memory is to the individual. They contain the history of our race, the discoveries we have made, the accumulated knowledge and experience of ages．They picture for us the marvels and beauties of nature, help us out of difficulty, comfort us in sorrow, change hours of tiredness into moments of delight, fill our minds with good ideas and happy thoughts, and lift us out of and above ourselves. And also, books can help transport us to mountains or the seashore, and visit the most beautiful parts of the earth, without fatigue, inconvenience, or expense. In a sense they give us an even more vivid idea than the actual reality. So, precious and priceless are the blessings which the books scatter around our daily paths．We walk, in imagination, with noblest spirits, through the most fascinating regions.
AThe aim(目的) of students who come to school is ro srudy． But if we haven't a right way to study we will waste the time or the money． The following are ways for studying．The best time for reading js morning． Because in the morning， the air is fresh and our minds are clear．For that reason，we can get good results．Jt- studying we must be'patient(耐心的)． If w．e don't understand a text well，we must read it again． We should not read the next one till we have learned the first one well．When we are studying，we must put our hearts into the book． We can not read absent-．mindedly(心不在焉地) ，or we can get nothing from the book while we are reading．We must always ask "whys"． If it is not well understood，write it down and ask our teach-ers or parents，brothers or friends，in any possible way． We must know it completely and then our knowledge can be used well．Though there are many ways for studying，however，the above mentioned(提及的) will be quite enough if we can keep them in heart and do so，( )21． The article tells us_________A． to read in the morningB． to pay close attention to ways for studyingC． the importance of readingD． to have patience in studying
24．1f we can-t put our hearts into the book when we read，it is___________'A． possible to learn something from itB． easy to understand it wellC． impossible for us to get something from itD． hard to get something from it
Most of us，when we reached our teens，started looking forward to the day when we would occupy places of our own，far from the confines of our families. We saw this moving away as a chance to strike out on our own，to grow，to spread out wings and experience freedom. At the same time，we regarded this independence as temporary-the thing to do until we found the perfect mate and married. Over the years，many millions of people have made this passage from one family to another，with just a brief，often nervous interval of independence in between. But recently，more and more people have begun to challenge the concept that living together is better than living alone. Being single is now accepted as an alternative lifestyle-one that is natural，rewarding，and complete. In fact，being single has become almost fashionable.
What do I have to do to get the credit information of our corporate partner?—() A. OK, we will pass on the report to you as soon as we get it.B. It’s not complicated. Just fill in a form. and sign it.C. For our long-term clients, we only charge some direct fees.
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30． What is the passage mainly about? 、A． We must make more friends．B． Don-t quarrel with our parents．C． What should we do when our parents quarrel．D． Sometimes we must stay away from our parents．
DWhen students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority(优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well ad the social environment it came influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.Music provides a kind of perception(感知)that cannot be acquired any other way. Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotive(情感的)meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all.The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form. to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love.So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.A.regardmusicasawayofentertainmentB.disagreewiththeirparentsoneducationC.viewmusicasanoverlookedsubjectD.prefertheartstoscience
When we grow older enough to earn a living,it does not surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money we earn.We spend the whole of our lives keeping up with our neighbors,the Joneses.If we buy a new television set,Jones is（ ）to buy a bigger and better one.if we buy a new car,we can be sure that jones will go one better and get two new cars:one for his wife and one for himself.A.boundB.destinedC.doomed
What drives us is our mission to acelerate the world' s transition to sustainable, clean energy ,but we will never achieve that missionwe______we eventually demonstrate that we can be sustainably profitable.A、untilB、unlessC、ifD、through
共用题干Improve Your MemoryTo many people advancing age means losing your hair,your waistline and your memory.But is it an inescapable fact that the older you get,the less you remember? Well,as time goes by,we tend to blame age for problems that are not necessarily age-related.When a teenager can't find her keys,she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized, but a 70-year-old blames her memory. In fact,the 70-year-old may have been misplacing things for decades一like we all do from time to time.In healthy people,memory doesn't deteriorate as quickly as many of us think. According to psychologists,as we age,our memory mechanism isn't broken,it's just different.The brain's processing time slows down over the years,though no one knows exactly why.Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and that there's less activity in the part of the brain that decides whether to store information or not.But it's not clear that less activity is worse.A beginning athlete is winded. more easily than a trained athlete.In the same way,as the brain gets more skilled at a task,it spends less energy on it.There are steps you can take to improve your memory,though you have to work to keep your brain in shape.It's like having a good body. You can't go to the gym once a year and expect to stay in top form.Some memory enhancement experts suggest using the AM principle.Pay attention to what you want to remember. Then give some meaning to it. We remember things when we focus on them, whether we intend to or not. That helps explain why jingles stick in our minds.They are played on loud,flashy TV commercials.They also use rhyme and music to help us remember better.Basic organization helps us remember the boring stuff. For example,rather than trying to recall a random list of groceries,we can divide them into categories,such as dairy,meat and produce. For important things like keys and money,we can set up a"forget-me-not"spot where we always keep them.We can also eat to aid our memory power. Whole grains,fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of glucose,the brain's preferred fuel. Another low-tech way to improve memory is to get adequate rest. Sleep may allow our brain time to encode memories.Interest in friends,family and hobbies does wonders for our memory.A sense of passion or purpose helps us remember. Memory requires us to pay attention to our lives,allowing us to discover in them everything worth remembering.As we get older, our memory mechanism is broken,and so cannot be the same as it was before.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with--or even looking at--a stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality--our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings--because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.But you wouldn't know it,3 into your phone.This universal armor sends the 4:"Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,executive mental coach.We fear rejection,or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as"creepy,".We fear we'll be 7.We fear we'll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us,so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety,we 10 to our phones."Phones become our security blanket,"Wortmann says."They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11.”But once we rip off the bandaid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up,it doesn't 12 so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:Start a 13.They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14."When Dr.Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,"the New York Times summarizes.Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience,after they 17 with the experiment,"not a single person reported having been snubbed."18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication,which makes absolute sense,19 human beings thrive off of social connections.It's that 20:Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.8选？A.unreasonableB.ungratefulC.unconventionalD.unfamiliar
Compared with other areas of our social lives,we tend to boast far more on social media.For instance,few of us will stand on a neighborhood corner and declare how accomplished we are or how much we love our spouse.On Facebook,however,we have no uneasiness about routinely posting photographs of intimate family gatherings,foreign vacations,and fancy meals.What's more,many of us share boasts with hundreds or even thousands of social media connections,with little knowledge or concern about who's seeing them or what effect it has on them.Despite the risk of negative effects,we can't help boasting on social media because,as psychologists have argued,boasting satisfies fundamental human motives of creating a favorable first impression with strangers,and building a positive image among those who know us.In our vast social media spheres,boasting is also a good way,or even possibly the only way,to attract attention.
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You would imagine that sleeping was a quiet and peaceful experience but in reality，our brains are more active during some stages of sleep than when we are______。A.wakeB.awakeC.wakenD.awaken
共用题干Weight on and off the Earth We are so used to.our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our mind to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted.Because we can feel that things are heavy,we think of "weight"as being a fixed quality in an object,but it is not really fixed at all.If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4,000 miles out from the earth,it would weigh only a quarter of a pound. Why would things weigh only a quarter as much as they do at the surface of the earth if we took them 4,000 miles out into space?The reason is this:all objects have a natural attraction for all other objects;this is called gravitational attraction.But this power of attraction between two obects gets weaker as they get farther apart.When the butter was at the surface of the earth,it was 4,000 miles from the center.When we took the butter 4,000 miles out,it was 8,000 miles from the center,which is twice the distance.If you double the distance between two objects,their gravitational attraction decreases two times two.If you treble the distance, it gets nine times weaker(three times three)and so on. So this is one of the first things we need to remember that the weight of an object in space is not the same as its weight on the surface of the earth. What about the weight of our pound of butter on the surface of the moon?At the distance the puii of the earth is about 4,000 times smaller than it is here on the surface,so we can forget all about the earth-pull on our butter. On the other hand,on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon,but the butter will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the earth.This is because the moon is so much smaller than the earth.The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends on the amount of material in it.A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own;but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon,or the earth,or the sun.We find it hard to break free from ideas connected with living on the earth because______.A:it demands too great an effort for us to do soB:we are too familiar with the way things are to question the ideasC:we have proved that those ideas are correctD:we are so sure of ourselves that we never doubt anything on the earth
Our eating habits are very important for good health and a strong body.There are times when?most of us would rather eat sweets and ice-cream than meat and rice.Sweets and ice-cream are not?bad if we eat them at the end of a meal.If we eat them before a meal,they may take away our appe-tite（食欲）~It is important for us to eat our meals at the same time each day.When we feel hungry,it is a sign that our body needs food.When we feel angry or excited,we may not want to eat.A long time ago,in England,some judges used to decide whether a man was telling the truth by giving him some dry bread.If the man could not eat the bread,it showed that he was telling lies.Although this seems very strange and rather foolish,it is indeed a very good way of finding out the fact.A man who is worrying about something has difficulty in eating anything dry.Because he is worrying,he loses his appetite and does not want to eat.We must have good eating habits because__________.A.we want to eat moreB.we want to enjoy our mealsC.we want to be healthy and strongD.we want to grow up quickly
We forgot to bring our tickets,but please let us enter,__________?A.do youB.can weC.will youD.shall we
As the author sees it，one of the most important gains from the study of great literature is( ) A.enrichment of our understanding of the past B.broadening of our approaches to social problems C.that it gives us a bowing acquaintance with great figures of the past D.that it provides us with vicarious experiences which provide a much broader experience than we can get from experiences of simply our own lives alone
单选题Which of the following is the best version of sentence 2 (reproduced below)?His aspiration, to discover where we get our gender identity to see how women are treated for himself.A(As it is now)BHis aspiration was to discover where we get our gender identity from, to see for ourselves how women are treated in our society.CHis aspiration, to discover the roots of gender identity, and to see how women are treated for himself.DHis aspiration was to discover the roots of gender identity and experience firsthand the way women are treated.EHis aspiration was to discover the roots of gender identity and to personally experience the treatment of women by men.
单选题According to the passage, we should learn to swim because it could ______.Asave our livesBkeep us fit and healthyCmake us work well with others