It should not be a surprise.Loneliness and social isolation are on the rise,1 many to call it an epidemic.In recent decades the number of people with zero 2 has tripled,and most adults do not 3 a local community group.4,more than one-third ofAmericans over the age of45 report feeling lonely,with 5 especially high among those under 25 and over 65 years old."We live in the most technologically 6 age in the history of civilization,"writes former U.S.Surgeon General Vivek H.Murthy,"7 rates ofloneliness have doubled since the 1980s."While this 8 trend has grown,so has understanding ofits impact.By now the evidence is abundant and 9:social connection significantly affects health.When you believe that you have people in your life who l0 you,and you interact with them 11,you are better off.For instance,you may be less likely to catch a cold,have a stroke or heart disease,slip into early cognitive decline and 12 depression.You may even be more likely to overcome socioeconomic disadvantages,recover quickly from illness and live longer.A study at Harvard University that followed hundreds of people for 75 years 13 the quality of people's relationships as the single clearest predictor of their physical health,longevity and quality oflife.But the threat ofloneliness is still largely 14 from common health discourse,medical training and practice,and public awareness.lt's time to establish a dedicated 15 to further study,develop initiatives around,and promote social health-how well a person forms and 16 relationships,receives and reciprocates support and feels connected to others.In the same way that mental health has risen up in prominence,17 more and better research,treatment and advocacy,so too should social health.Indeed,researchers recently evaluated social connection using widely accepted public health criteria,including size,severity and urgency.They then 18 it to well-established public health priorities that receive considerable resources across public and private sectors,such as nutrition.19 not receiving similar resources,they concluded,social connection matches and in some cases 20 0ther priorities in impact.10选？A.count onB.take afterC.bring upD.care about
It should not be a surprise.Loneliness and social isolation are on the rise,1 many to call it an epidemic.In recent decades the number of people with zero 2 has tripled,and most adults do not 3 a local community group.4,more than one-third ofAmericans over the age of45 report feeling lonely,with 5 especially high among those under 25 and over 65 years old."We live in the most technologically 6 age in the history of civilization,"writes former U.S.Surgeon General Vivek H.Murthy,"7 rates ofloneliness have doubled since the 1980s."While this 8 trend has grown,so has understanding ofits impact.By now the evidence is abundant and 9:social connection significantly affects health.When you believe that you have people in your life who l0 you,and you interact with them 11,you are better off.For instance,you may be less likely to catch a cold,have a stroke or heart disease,slip into early cognitive decline and 12 depression.You may even be more likely to overcome socioeconomic disadvantages,recover quickly from illness and live longer.A study at Harvard University that followed hundreds of people for 75 years 13 the quality of people's relationships as the single clearest predictor of their physical health,longevity and quality oflife.But the threat ofloneliness is still largely 14 from common health discourse,medical training and practice,and public awareness.lt's time to establish a dedicated 15 to further study,develop initiatives around,and promote social health-how well a person forms and 16 relationships,receives and reciprocates support and feels connected to others.In the same way that mental health has risen up in prominence,17 more and better research,treatment and advocacy,so too should social health.Indeed,researchers recently evaluated social connection using widely accepted public health criteria,including size,severity and urgency.They then 18 it to well-established public health priorities that receive considerable resources across public and private sectors,such as nutrition.19 not receiving similar resources,they concluded,social connection matches and in some cases 20 0ther priorities in impact.10选？
A.count on
B.take after
C.bring up
D.care about
B.take after
C.bring up
D.care about
参考解析
解析：固定搭配题。根据句意，当你相信在你的生活中存在着你的人，并且你和他们互动，你就会变得更好。上句提到社会联系，后文又提到你会变得更好，因此空缺处应为积极向上的褒义词，D项表示担心，关心，符合句意，故D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A、B、C项词义较中性，代入原文均不符合文义，故排除。
相关考题：
Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the【31】of the year, or manured a field; but we know【32】about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so【33】so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are【34】that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are,【35】they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in【36】an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and【37】them how to do it most efficiently — this, after all, is【38】conquerors and generals have done -- is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other【39】by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of other side, and then【40】that that side which has killed most has won.(31)A．numberB．lengthC．depthD．width
Social work helps people to have a() life. In many cases this requires the social worker to help people to overcome the negatives in their lives. Social work includes from helping a() to get into college to counseling a person with illness. In most cases the role of a social worker is to help people to() the skills. Most of the time a social worker is going to be dealing() people who are having a difficult time. Often poverty plays a big part in the need for the services of social worker. Social workers often interview people to get an understanding of the problem. From there the social worker will help them to come up with a plan to() their situation.1.A. goodB. betterC. rich2.A. studentB. doctorC. lawyer3.A. takeB. thinkC. develop4.A. withB. onC. in5.A. changeB. meetC. improve
Social WorkersSocial workers help people overcome problems and make their lives better. If people are homeless, sick, or having family problems, social workers will work with them. If students have trouble in school, social workers help them too.Social workers help these people in different ways. One way is to find resources for people. They find out what kinds of help people need. Then, they set up programs to meet the needs of the individual. They may focus on child abuse, poverty, violence, and other problems. For someone with family difficulties, social workers may find a parenting class or a support group. For a homeless person, they may find a place for them to live and a career training program. For a student, they may find a mentor or a learning disability expert.Many social workers give counseling. They talk to people about their lives and help them understand and solve their problems and to make plans.Most social workers spend the day in an office. Some travel to the people they help. Sometimes, they meet with people in the evening or on weekends. Social workers can be very busy when they are helping many people at once.1.According to the text, what is not social workers' job?A.To help people with family problems.B.To make people's lives better.C.To do the housework for people.2.For someone with family problems, social workers willA.find them a place to liveB.find them a career training programC.find them a parenting class3.Social workers build _________to provide the help for people in need.A.problemsB.daysC.resources4.Which of the following sentence is NOT true?A.Social workers give some advice to people.B.Most social workers think of their job as boring.C.Social workers may help many people at a time.5.The main point of this passage is about___________ .A.how busy social workers areB.how social workers do their jobC.how tired social workers are
According to the passage, when you get a wrong number in making a long-distance call, you should______.A. check your number and call againB. tell the operator what has happenedC. Ask the operator to put you throughD. Ask the operator what has happened
Passage 1In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that"social epidemics"are driven in?large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are?unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected．The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn′t?explain how ideas actually spread．The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested?theory called the"two-step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the?influentials and from them to everyone else．Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it?suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of?the work for them．The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain?looks,brands,or neighborhoods．In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some?small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid?attention．Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people?can drive trends．In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials?have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed．In fact,they don′t seem to be?required of all．The researchers′argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the?exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey--whose outsize presence is primarily a function of?media,not interpersonal,influence--even the most influential members of a population simply don′t?interact with that many others．Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to?the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and?colleagues directly．For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then?influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how?many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential．If people?in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the?cascade of change won′t propagate very far or affect many people．Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics?of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a?number of variables relating to people′s ability to influence others and their tendency to be?influenced．They found that the principal requirement for what is called"global cascades"—the?widespread propagation of influence through networks--is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people．What the researchers have observed recently shows that__________．查看材料A.the power of influence goes with social interactionsB.interpersonal links can be enhanced through the mediaC.influentials have more channels to reach the publicD.most celebrities enjoy wide media attention
Passage 1In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that"social epidemics"are driven in?large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are?unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected．The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn′t?explain how ideas actually spread．The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested?theory called the"two-step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the?influentials and from them to everyone else．Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it?suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of?the work for them．The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain?looks,brands,or neighborhoods．In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some?small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid?attention．Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people?can drive trends．In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials?have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed．In fact,they don′t seem to be?required of all．The researchers′argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the?exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey--whose outsize presence is primarily a function of?media,not interpersonal,influence--even the most influential members of a population simply don′t?interact with that many others．Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to?the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and?colleagues directly．For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then?influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how?many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential．If people?in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the?cascade of change won′t propagate very far or affect many people．Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics?of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a?number of variables relating to people′s ability to influence others and their tendency to be?influenced．They found that the principal requirement for what is called"global cascades"—the?widespread propagation of influence through networks--is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people．The underlined phrase"these people"in Paragraph 4 refers to the ones who__________．查看材料A.stay outside the network of social influenceB.have little contact with the source of influenceC.are influenced and then influence othersD.are influenced by the initial influential
Passage 1In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that"social epidemics"are driven in?large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are?unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected．The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn′t?explain how ideas actually spread．The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested?theory called the"two-step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the?influentials and from them to everyone else．Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it?suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of?the work for them．The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain?looks,brands,or neighborhoods．In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some?small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid?attention．Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people?can drive trends．In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials?have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed．In fact,they don′t seem to be?required of all．The researchers′argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the?exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey--whose outsize presence is primarily a function of?media,not interpersonal,influence--even the most influential members of a population simply don′t?interact with that many others．Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to?the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and?colleagues directly．For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then?influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how?many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential．If people?in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the?cascade of change won′t propagate very far or affect many people．Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics?of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a?number of variables relating to people′s ability to influence others and their tendency to be?influenced．They found that the principal requirement for what is called"global cascades"—the?widespread propagation of influence through networks--is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people．The author suggests that the"two-step flow theory"__________．查看材料A.serves as a solution to marketing problemsB.has helped explain certain prevalent trendsC.has won support from influentialsD.requires solid evidence for its validity
Passage 1In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that"social epidemics"are driven in?large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are?unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected．The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn′t?explain how ideas actually spread．The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested?theory called the"two-step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the?influentials and from them to everyone else．Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it?suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of?the work for them．The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain?looks,brands,or neighborhoods．In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some?small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid?attention．Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people?can drive trends．In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials?have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed．In fact,they don′t seem to be?required of all．The researchers′argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the?exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey--whose outsize presence is primarily a function of?media,not interpersonal,influence--even the most influential members of a population simply don′t?interact with that many others．Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to?the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends and?colleagues directly．For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected must then?influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how?many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential．If people?in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the?cascade of change won′t propagate very far or affect many people．Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics?of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations,manipulating a?number of variables relating to people′s ability to influence others and their tendency to be?influenced．They found that the principal requirement for what is called"global cascades"—the?widespread propagation of influence through networks--is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people．By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends to__________．查看材料A.analyze the consequences of social epidemicsB.discuss influentials'function in spreading ideasC.exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemicsD.describe the essential characteristics ofinfluentials
共用题干The Joy of Living AloneMore and more Americans are living alone .Some live alone because of divorce or the death of a partner.________(1) According to a recent U. S. census（人口普查）,25 percent of all households in the U.S.are made up of just one person.This is a dramatic change from the extended families of just a couple of generations ago.The typical person living alone is neither old nor lonely._______(2)The majority of these people have chosen to live alone.They are responding to decreasing social pressure to get married and have a family.It's now socially acceptable,even fashionable,to live alone.As people get better jobs and become financially independent,it becomes possible for them to maintain a one-person household.________(3)However,people who do get married are marrying at a later age and divorcing more often.The number one reason given by most people for living alone is that they simply enjoy doing what they want when they want to do it."Living alone is a luxury,"says Nina Hagiwara, 38."Once you do it,you can't ever go back to living with others."David C'Debaca,46,agrees.__________(4)Children think that being grown up means being able to do exactly as they please.________ (5)The chance to discover whether that freedom is as wonderful as it sounds is a chance more and more Americans are taking._________（4）A: There's more pressure to get married nowadays.B: The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone.C: However,even more people are living alone because they have chosen to.D: It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream.E: In fact,a quarter of the 23 million single people in the U.S are under the age of 35.F: He says,"I like being by myself."
共用题干The Joy of Living AloneMore and more Americans are living alone .Some live alone because of divorce or the death of a partner.________(1) According to a recent U. S. census（人口普查）,25 percent of all households in the U.S.are made up of just one person.This is a dramatic change from the extended families of just a couple of generations ago.The typical person living alone is neither old nor lonely._______(2)The majority of these people have chosen to live alone.They are responding to decreasing social pressure to get married and have a family.It's now socially acceptable,even fashionable,to live alone.As people get better jobs and become financially independent,it becomes possible for them to maintain a one-person household.________(3)However,people who do get married are marrying at a later age and divorcing more often.The number one reason given by most people for living alone is that they simply enjoy doing what they want when they want to do it."Living alone is a luxury,"says Nina Hagiwara, 38."Once you do it,you can't ever go back to living with others."David C'Debaca,46,agrees.__________(4)Children think that being grown up means being able to do exactly as they please.________ (5)The chance to discover whether that freedom is as wonderful as it sounds is a chance more and more Americans are taking._________（3）A: There's more pressure to get married nowadays.B: The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone.C: However,even more people are living alone because they have chosen to.D: It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream.E: In fact,a quarter of the 23 million single people in the U.S are under the age of 35.F: He says,"I like being by myself."
共用题干The Joy of Living AloneMore and more Americans are living alone .Some live alone because of divorce or the death of a partner.________(1) According to a recent U. S. census（人口普查）,25 percent of all households in the U.S.are made up of just one person.This is a dramatic change from the extended families of just a couple of generations ago.The typical person living alone is neither old nor lonely._______(2)The majority of these people have chosen to live alone.They are responding to decreasing social pressure to get married and have a family.It's now socially acceptable,even fashionable,to live alone.As people get better jobs and become financially independent,it becomes possible for them to maintain a one-person household.________(3)However,people who do get married are marrying at a later age and divorcing more often.The number one reason given by most people for living alone is that they simply enjoy doing what they want when they want to do it."Living alone is a luxury,"says Nina Hagiwara, 38."Once you do it,you can't ever go back to living with others."David C'Debaca,46,agrees.__________(4)Children think that being grown up means being able to do exactly as they please.________ (5)The chance to discover whether that freedom is as wonderful as it sounds is a chance more and more Americans are taking._________（2）A: There's more pressure to get married nowadays.B: The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone.C: However,even more people are living alone because they have chosen to.D: It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream.E: In fact,a quarter of the 23 million single people in the U.S are under the age of 35.F: He says,"I like being by myself."
共用题干The Joy of Living AloneMore and more Americans are living alone .Some live alone because of divorce or the death of a partner.________(1) According to a recent U. S. census（人口普查）,25 percent of all households in the U.S.are made up of just one person.This is a dramatic change from the extended families of just a couple of generations ago.The typical person living alone is neither old nor lonely._______(2)The majority of these people have chosen to live alone.They are responding to decreasing social pressure to get married and have a family.It's now socially acceptable,even fashionable,to live alone.As people get better jobs and become financially independent,it becomes possible for them to maintain a one-person household.________(3)However,people who do get married are marrying at a later age and divorcing more often.The number one reason given by most people for living alone is that they simply enjoy doing what they want when they want to do it."Living alone is a luxury,"says Nina Hagiwara, 38."Once you do it,you can't ever go back to living with others."David C'Debaca,46,agrees.__________(4)Children think that being grown up means being able to do exactly as they please.________ (5)The chance to discover whether that freedom is as wonderful as it sounds is a chance more and more Americans are taking._________（1）A: There's more pressure to get married nowadays.B: The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone.C: However,even more people are living alone because they have chosen to.D: It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream.E: In fact,a quarter of the 23 million single people in the U.S are under the age of 35.F: He says,"I like being by myself."
Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the"two step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers'argument stems from a simple observing about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call"global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks–is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?A.The eagerness to be acceptedB.The impulse to influence othersC.The readiness to be influencedD.The inclination to rely on others
Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the"two step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers'argument stems from a simple observing about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call"global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks–is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.34.The underlined phrase"these people"in paragraph 4 refers to the ones whoA.stay outside the network of social influenceB.have little contact with the source of influenceC.are influenced and then influence othersD.are influenced by the initial influential
Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the"two step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers'argument stems from a simple observing about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call"global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks–is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.32.The author suggests that the"two-step-flow theory"A.serves as a solution to marketing problemsB.has helped explain certain prevalent trendsC.has won support from influentialsD.requires solid evidence for its validity
Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the"two step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers'argument stems from a simple observing about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call"global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks–is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends toA.analyze the consequences of social epidemicsB.discuss influentials'function in spreading ideasC.exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemicsD.describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the"two step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers'argument stems from a simple observing about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call"global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks–is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.33.What the researchers have observed recently shows thatA.the power of influence goes with social interactionsB.interpersonal links can be enhanced through the mediaC.influentials have more channels to reach the publicD.most celebrities enjoy wide media attention
Questions 85-87 refer to the following advertisement.Gaining green card may involve the black market costs. The green card application process can take a long time, and people often have to eat while waiting for their papers. Many immigrants have resolved this through the acquisition of fake documents. （Note as an attorney, I emphatically do not recommend this. But people do it. A lot.） At their best （and most expensive）, fake papers can be quite useful. From talking to immigrants, I have learned that there is a man in a certain Central American capital who, for $6000, will get you a U.S. passport with a name and photo of your choosing that will scan as real on border crossing computers. In New York City, $150-$200 will get you work documents connected to a real Social Security number. $75 will get you a color copy on thick paper that looks like a Social Security card as long as you don’t look closely enough to see that it is actually a “Social Security” card.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. The writer finds fake paper a good solutionB. Social Security Number is the most expensiveC. All fake materials are free of any flawD. Fake papers do works quite well sometimes
It should not be a surprise.Loneliness and social isolation are on the rise,1 many to call it an epidemic.In recent decades the number of people with zero 2 has tripled,and most adults do not 3 a local community group.4,more than one-third ofAmericans over the age of45 report feeling lonely,with 5 especially high among those under 25 and over 65 years old."We live in the most technologically 6 age in the history of civilization,"writes former U.S.Surgeon General Vivek H.Murthy,"7 rates ofloneliness have doubled since the 1980s."While this 8 trend has grown,so has understanding ofits impact.By now the evidence is abundant and 9:social connection significantly affects health.When you believe that you have people in your life who l0 you,and you interact with them 11,you are better off.For instance,you may be less likely to catch a cold,have a stroke or heart disease,slip into early cognitive decline and 12 depression.You may even be more likely to overcome socioeconomic disadvantages,recover quickly from illness and live longer.A study at Harvard University that followed hundreds of people for 75 years 13 the quality of people's relationships as the single clearest predictor of their physical health,longevity and quality oflife.But the threat ofloneliness is still largely 14 from common health discourse,medical training and practice,and public awareness.lt's time to establish a dedicated 15 to further study,develop initiatives around,and promote social health-how well a person forms and 16 relationships,receives and reciprocates support and feels connected to others.In the same way that mental health has risen up in prominence,17 more and better research,treatment and advocacy,so too should social health.Indeed,researchers recently evaluated social connection using widely accepted public health criteria,including size,severity and urgency.They then 18 it to well-established public health priorities that receive considerable resources across public and private sectors,such as nutrition.19 not receiving similar resources,they concluded,social connection matches and in some cases 20 0ther priorities in impact.3选？A.relate toB.prefer toC.cater toD.belong to
It should not be a surprise.Loneliness and social isolation are on the rise,1 many to call it an epidemic.In recent decades the number of people with zero 2 has tripled,and most adults do not 3 a local community group.4,more than one-third ofAmericans over the age of45 report feeling lonely,with 5 especially high among those under 25 and over 65 years old."We live in the most technologically 6 age in the history of civilization,"writes former U.S.Surgeon General Vivek H.Murthy,"7 rates ofloneliness have doubled since the 1980s."While this 8 trend has grown,so has understanding ofits impact.By now the evidence is abundant and 9:social connection significantly affects health.When you believe that you have people in your life who l0 you,and you interact with them 11,you are better off.For instance,you may be less likely to catch a cold,have a stroke or heart disease,slip into early cognitive decline and 12 depression.You may even be more likely to overcome socioeconomic disadvantages,recover quickly from illness and live longer.A study at Harvard University that followed hundreds of people for 75 years 13 the quality of people's relationships as the single clearest predictor of their physical health,longevity and quality oflife.But the threat ofloneliness is still largely 14 from common health discourse,medical training and practice,and public awareness.lt's time to establish a dedicated 15 to further study,develop initiatives around,and promote social health-how well a person forms and 16 relationships,receives and reciprocates support and feels connected to others.In the same way that mental health has risen up in prominence,17 more and better research,treatment and advocacy,so too should social health.Indeed,researchers recently evaluated social connection using widely accepted public health criteria,including size,severity and urgency.They then 18 it to well-established public health priorities that receive considerable resources across public and private sectors,such as nutrition.19 not receiving similar resources,they concluded,social connection matches and in some cases 20 0ther priorities in impact.1选？A.compellingB.allowingC.remindingD.leading
It should not be a surprise.Loneliness and social isolation are on the rise,1 many to call it an epidemic.In recent decades the number of people with zero 2 has tripled,and most adults do not 3 a local community group.4,more than one-third ofAmericans over the age of45 report feeling lonely,with 5 especially high among those under 25 and over 65 years old."We live in the most technologically 6 age in the history of civilization,"writes former U.S.Surgeon General Vivek H.Murthy,"7 rates ofloneliness have doubled since the 1980s."While this 8 trend has grown,so has understanding ofits impact.By now the evidence is abundant and 9:social connection significantly affects health.When you believe that you have people in your life who l0 you,and you interact with them 11,you are better off.For instance,you may be less likely to catch a cold,have a stroke or heart disease,slip into early cognitive decline and 12 depression.You may even be more likely to overcome socioeconomic disadvantages,recover quickly from illness and live longer.A study at Harvard University that followed hundreds of people for 75 years 13 the quality of people's relationships as the single clearest predictor of their physical health,longevity and quality oflife.But the threat ofloneliness is still largely 14 from common health discourse,medical training and practice,and public awareness.lt's time to establish a dedicated 15 to further study,develop initiatives around,and promote social health-how well a person forms and 16 relationships,receives and reciprocates support and feels connected to others.In the same way that mental health has risen up in prominence,17 more and better research,treatment and advocacy,so too should social health.Indeed,researchers recently evaluated social connection using widely accepted public health criteria,including size,severity and urgency.They then 18 it to well-established public health priorities that receive considerable resources across public and private sectors,such as nutrition.19 not receiving similar resources,they concluded,social connection matches and in some cases 20 0ther priorities in impact.2选？A.confidantsB.acauaintancesC.ODDonentsD.Dedestrains
共用题干Old and ActiveIt is well一known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A______(51) report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world.A healthy long life is the result of the______(52)in social environment?Scientists are trying to work______(53)exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy,and whether there is。lesson to be_____(54)from their lifestyles for the rest of us.Should we______(55)any changes to our eating habits,for instance,or go jogging each day before breakfast?Is there some secret______(56)in the Japanese diet that is particularly______(57)to the human body? Another factor______(58)to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate.Although longer life should be celebrated,it is_____(59)considered a social problem.The number of older people had_(60)in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs.The country could soon be_(61)an economic problem,if there are so many old people to be looked ______(62),and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.______(63)the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem.Work can give the elderly a______(64)of responsibility and mission in life.It's important that the elderly play active ______(65)in the society and live in harmony with all generations.51._________A:late B:recent C:contemporary D:new
NHS has suffered from under-funding in recent decades,as a result of which many（）people have been turning to private medical health care.Aworking classBelderlyCeducatedDbetter-off
NHS has suffered from under-funding in recent decades,as a result of which many（）people have been turning to private medical health care.A、working classB、elderlyC、educatedD、better-off
问答题Topic 4：Talk about Virtue Questions for reference: 1) What virtues can you name? 2) Which one do you think it the most important one? 3) What should we do in order to establish concept of honor and disgrace among people?
单选题The country has（）too many wars in the past few decades; its people are longing for peace so much.Aprevented fromBresulted inCgone throughDgone with
问答题Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to thegeneral public and to sociologists that modern society haschanged people’s natural relations, loosed their responsibilities 1．______to kins and neighbors, and substituted in their place 2．______for superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. 3．______However, in recent years a growing body of research hasrevealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you area city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of yourneighbors than you if you are a resident of a smaller community. 4．______But, for the most part, this fact has a few significant 5．______consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know fewof your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties withinsmall, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality ofmeaningful relationships do not differ from more and less 6．______urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kinthan do big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by 7．______developing friendships with people who share similar interestsand activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life,but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor 8．______are residents of large communities any likely to display 9．______psychological symptoms of stress or alienation than areresidents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers doworry more about crime, and which leads them to a distrust of 10．______strangers.