资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1）“Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2）The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3）Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4）Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5）Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6）Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7）Which of the following is the reason for the change related to gender discrimination in job market?A.Some jobs are too dangerous for women.B.Men are hunting higher paid jobs in other places.C.In specific areas women are paid higher than men.D.Women have the choice of not bearing children.
资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1）
“Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2）
The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3）
Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4）
Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5）
Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6）
Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7）
Which of the following is the reason for the change related to gender discrimination in job market?
“Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2）
The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3）
Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4）
Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5）
Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6）
Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7）
Which of the following is the reason for the change related to gender discrimination in job market?
A.Some jobs are too dangerous for women.
B.Men are hunting higher paid jobs in other places.
C.In specific areas women are paid higher than men.
D.Women have the choice of not bearing children.
B.Men are hunting higher paid jobs in other places.
C.In specific areas women are paid higher than men.
D.Women have the choice of not bearing children.
参考解析
解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】 reason; for the change related to gender discrimination
【主题句】第6自然段Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. 劳动力短缺也导致了变化的发生。当许多男性矿工离开哥伦比亚的马托马，到其他地方找到更好的待遇时，即便雇用女性违法，还是容许了女性替代男性工作。同样，当加入欧盟的东欧国家的男性卡车司机前往西方国家务工时，让女性替代他们的压力增加了。 2011年，菲律宾废除女性在夜间工作的禁令，让需要白班工作人员的美欧呼叫中心大为欢呼。
【解析】本题的问题是“以下哪项是与就业市场中的性别歧视相关变化的原因？” A选项“有些工作对女性来说太危险了”；B选项“男性正在其他地方寻找薪水较高的工作”；C选项“在特定领域，妇女的报酬高于男子”；D选项“女人可以选择不带孩子”。根据主题句，性格歧视变化主要原因是劳动力短缺，从而导致允许女性代替男性工作，故选B。
【关键词】 reason; for the change related to gender discrimination
【主题句】第6自然段Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. 劳动力短缺也导致了变化的发生。当许多男性矿工离开哥伦比亚的马托马，到其他地方找到更好的待遇时，即便雇用女性违法，还是容许了女性替代男性工作。同样，当加入欧盟的东欧国家的男性卡车司机前往西方国家务工时，让女性替代他们的压力增加了。 2011年，菲律宾废除女性在夜间工作的禁令，让需要白班工作人员的美欧呼叫中心大为欢呼。
【解析】本题的问题是“以下哪项是与就业市场中的性别歧视相关变化的原因？” A选项“有些工作对女性来说太危险了”；B选项“男性正在其他地方寻找薪水较高的工作”；C选项“在特定领域，妇女的报酬高于男子”；D选项“女人可以选择不带孩子”。根据主题句，性格歧视变化主要原因是劳动力短缺，从而导致允许女性代替男性工作，故选B。
相关考题：
Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.One of the most exciting races ever run is now in progress between doctors fighting malaria(疟疾)and mosquitoes. According to the most recent counts 225 million people a year suffer attacks of malaria and more than two million die. Public health workers around the world are doing all t11ev can to destroy malaria before the mosquitoes that pass on the disease become resistant to the poisons now used against them. It's a race against time and against difficulties，with millions of lives in danger and the chances of winning not in man's favour.Malaria，it is true，has been practically wiped out in thirteen countries. including the United States，and is under attack in many others. But it is equally true that in some parts of the world certain types of malaria-carrying mosquitoes have already learned to resist some of the sprays that formerly killed them. Other types of mosquitoes are not killed as quickly by present sprays as they once were.The World Health Organization is helping national governments to get rid of malaria before resistance among the mosquito population becomes so great that new poisons will have to be found to replace those in use at present. Most of the countries in the world have started，or are planning，campaigns against mosquitoes. If the race against resistance is won by man，it is possible that ten years from now dais old evil will have disappeared completely from the America，perhaps from the world.Malaria has been successfully got. rid of in______.A. all countriesB. some countriesC. no countriesD. most countries
In the author's opinion, __.A. developing countries should be responsible for environmental problemsB. overpopulation in the world is created by the developed countriesC. rich countries exercise worse influence on environment than poor countriesD. all countries should bring the population growth under control
共用题干Malnutrition"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike",said Dr.Hiroshi Na-kajima,Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO),in his statement on the first day of theWorld Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome,Italy,from 1 3 to 17 November,1996."At the same time,"he added,"in developing countries today,malnutrition is the cause of 174 million children under five years of age being underweight,and 230 million being stunted in their growth.Such figures represent deprivation, suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view.Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern,common justice or development needs, they demand a response,both from national governments and from international community."At the end of January 1996,98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries had one under preparation,in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutrition in Rome in December 1992.The global situation,however,remains grim.Over 800 million people around the world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein,more than 2 ,000 million people lack essential micronutrients,and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanced diets.In sheer numbers,iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency.Mainly women of reproduction' age and children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developing countries.Among various regions in the world,it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching 80% in some countries.Tn infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development.In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output.It also leads to increased accidents at work.While there is no single remedy,a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best.Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron-and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals.Iron supplementation of foods,particularly of staple cereals,is practiced in a growing number of countries.Iron supplementation is the most common approach,particularly for pregnant women.How many countries have made plans of action for nutrition?A:98.B:41.C:139. D:57.
共用题干Malnutrition"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike",said Dr.Hiroshi Na-kajima,Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO),in his statement on the first day of theWorld Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome,Italy,from 1 3 to 17 November,1996."At the same time,"he added,"in developing countries today,malnutrition is the cause of 174 million children under five years of age being underweight,and 230 million being stunted in their growth.Such figures represent deprivation, suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view.Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern,common justice or development needs, they demand a response,both from national governments and from international community."At the end of January 1996,98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries had one under preparation,in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutrition in Rome in December 1992.The global situation,however,remains grim.Over 800 million people around the world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein,more than 2 ,000 million people lack essential micronutrients,and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanced diets.In sheer numbers,iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency.Mainly women of reproduction' age and children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developing countries.Among various regions in the world,it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching 80% in some countries.Tn infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development.In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output.It also leads to increased accidents at work.While there is no single remedy,a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best.Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron-and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals.Iron supplementation of foods,particularly of staple cereals,is practiced in a growing number of countries.Iron supplementation is the most common approach,particularly for pregnant women.What is the cause of much of the sickness and death?A:Certain diseases. B:Malnutrition.C:Infections. D:Accidents.
共用题干Malnutrition"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike",said Dr.Hiroshi Na-kajima,Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO),in his statement on the first day of theWorld Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome,Italy,from 1 3 to 17 November,1996."At the same time,"he added,"in developing countries today,malnutrition is the cause of 174 million children under five years of age being underweight,and 230 million being stunted in their growth.Such figures represent deprivation, suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view.Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern,common justice or development needs, they demand a response,both from national governments and from international community."At the end of January 1996,98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries had one under preparation,in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutrition in Rome in December 1992.The global situation,however,remains grim.Over 800 million people around the world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein,more than 2 ,000 million people lack essential micronutrients,and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanced diets.In sheer numbers,iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency.Mainly women of reproduction' age and children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developing countries.Among various regions in the world,it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching 80% in some countries.Tn infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development.In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output.It also leads to increased accidents at work.While there is no single remedy,a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best.Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron-and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals.Iron supplementation of foods,particularly of staple cereals,is practiced in a growing number of countries.Iron supplementation is the most common approach,particularly for pregnant women.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a remedy for iron deficiency?A:Eating iron-rich foods. B:Avoiding drinking tea with meals.C:Drinking coffee soon after meals. D:Eating foods of animal origin.
共用题干第三篇Malnutrition"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike",said Dr. Hiroshi Na- kajima,Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO),in his statement on the first day of the World Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome,Ita-ly,from 13 to 17 November,1996."At the same time,"he added," in developing countries today,malnutrition is the cause of 174 millionchildren under five years of age being underweight,and 230 million being stunted in their growth.Such figuresrepresent deprivation,suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view.Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern,common justice or development needs,theydemand a response,both from national governments and from international community.At the end of January 1996,98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries hadone under preparation,in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutritionin Rome in December 1992. The global situation, however, remains grim.Over 800 million people aroundthe world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein, more than two thousand million people lackessential micronutrients,and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanceddiets.In sheer numbers,iron is the most prevalent mieronutrient deficiency. MainlY women of reproduction ageand children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developingcountries.Among various regions in the world, it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching80% in some countries.In infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development.In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output. It also leads to increased accidents at work.While there is no single remedy,a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best一Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron一and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals.Iron supplementation of foods,pathcularly of staple cereals,is practiced in a growing number of countries.Iron supplementation is the most commonapproach,particularly for pregnant women.How many countries have made plans of action for nutrition?A:98.B:41.C:139.D:57.
Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting（轰动 ）the University of Texas System administration for not encouraging women.The University was rated认为 among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist存在."Women need to spend their energies(精力energy) and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that ___.a.women were told to con centrate on teir work b.women were given information about available administrative jobs c.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities
资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1）“Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2）The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3）Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4）Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5）Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6）Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7）What does “blanket protective prohibitions are ‘increasingly obsolete’” mean in the last paragraph?A.In blanket industry, the work restrictions on women have become very strict.B.Restrictions on women in blanket industry have taken off in some countries.C.In order to protect women’s rights, work restrictions should be banned.D.Work restrictions that claim to protect all women are no longer popular.
资料：Up to 80 per cent of the world’s middle classes will live in developing countries by 2030 thanks to surprising recent gains in poverty reduction, according to a United Nations report published on Thursday.“Never in history have the living conditions and prospects of so many people changed so dramatically and so fast.” concludes the UN’s latest Development Report. “The world is witnessing an epochal ‘global rebalancing’.”Underpinning the improvements in the human development index（HDI） was rapid growth in countries such as China, India and Brazil, with China and India having doubled per capita economic output in less than 20 years. But the study stressed that growth and improvements in HDI spread far beyond the four Bric countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China, and included at least 40 countries that had accompanied greater economic dynamism with effective poverty-reduction policies.Afghanistan, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Angola were among 14 countries that have recorded gains in HDI of more than 2 per cent a year since 2000. Partly as a result, the report found that worldwide extreme income poverty has plunged from 43 per cent in 1990 to just 22 per cent in 2008, including more than 500m being lifted out of poverty in China alone. The report stated that such gains had already helped the world achieve the main poverty eradication goal of the so-called Millennium Development Goals, which called for the share of people living on less than $1.25 a day to be cut by half from 1990 to 2015.Underpinning this poverty reduction was developing countries’ increasing share of global trade, which grew from 25 per cent to 47 per cent between 1980 and 2010. “The south as a whole is driving global economic growth and societal change for the first time in centuries,” says the report.The report found that trade among developing countries was the biggest factor in that expansion, increasing from less than 10 per cent of total global trade to more than 30 per cent. “Trade between countries in the south will overtake that between developed nations,” the report said.“More than 500m being lifted out of poverty in China alone” illustrates ______.A.the economic development of China is importantB.the role of some developing countries is significant for poverty reductionC.14 countries are developing faster than ChinaD.it is crucial to make a clear goal first
资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1）“Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2）The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3）Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4）Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5）Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6）Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7）Which statement is true about the restrictions on work?A.In developing countries, the gender discrimination in work field is spreading to more countries.B.Due to work restrictions, women cannot work in some tough industries.C.Women appreciate being treated as weaker sex in some countries so as to bear children.D.Lifting restrictions on a list of dangerous jobs can help to solve the problem of inequality in work.
资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1）“Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2）The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3）Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4）Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5）Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6）Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7）Read the whole passage and decide in which place the following sentence should be put: “They were based on the idea that women not only were weaker and more vulnerable to exploitation than men, but also lacked competence to make valid choices.”A.BB.CC.DD.D
资料：Up to 80 per cent of the world’s middle classes will live in developing countries by 2030 thanks to surprising recent gains in poverty reduction, according to a United Nations report published on Thursday.“Never in history have the living conditions and prospects of so many people changed so dramatically and so fast.” concludes the UN’s latest Development Report. “The world is witnessing an epochal ‘global rebalancing’.”Underpinning the improvements in the human development index（HDI） was rapid growth in countries such as China, India and Brazil, with China and India having doubled per capita economic output in less than 20 years. But the study stressed that growth and improvements in HDI spread far beyond the four Bric countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China, and included at least 40 countries that had accompanied greater economic dynamism with effective poverty-reduction policies.Afghanistan, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Angola were among 14 countries that have recorded gains in HDI of more than 2 per cent a year since 2000. Partly as a result, the report found that worldwide extreme income poverty has plunged from 43 per cent in 1990 to just 22 per cent in 2008, including more than 500m being lifted out of poverty in China alone. The report stated that such gains had already helped the world achieve the main poverty eradication goal of the so-called Millennium Development Goals, which called for the share of people living on less than $1.25 a day to be cut by half from 1990 to 2015.Underpinning this poverty reduction was developing countries’ increasing share of global trade, which grew from 25 per cent to 47 per cent between 1980 and 2010. “The south as a whole is driving global economic growth and societal change for the first time in centuries,” says the report.The report found that trade among developing countries was the biggest factor in that expansion, increasing from less than 10 per cent of total global trade to more than 30 per cent. “Trade between countries in the south will overtake that between developed nations,” the report said.All of the following are factors for poverty reduction except ______.A.greater economic dynamismB.aid from developed countriesC.changes of developing countriesD.trade among developing countries
资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1）“Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2）The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3）Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4）Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5）Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6）Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7）“But on balance, the trend is towards liberalization” （Paragraph 5） indicates that ____________.A.Vietnam’s ban is a reflection of reform responding to the gender bias in job marketsB.making laws about restrictions on women’s work has led to liberalisationC.more countries have taken measures to abrogate work restrictions on womenD.the ILO has led a movement to eliminate work restrictions on women
共用题干第三篇Food for LearningIn Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditionalideas about the role of women.They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation. Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families.In Eritrea,in fact,there is great need for improvement.It is one of the poorest countries in the world.For many Eritrean families,getting enough food is a daily problem.To deal with these problems,the Eritrean government,together with the World Food Program,has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning. In primary schools,all the children receive food packages to take home to their families.However,with the new program,the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys.This way,parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women,this pro缪m offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization)to women and older girls who are willing to join the program.Because of the war with Ethiopia,many women are bring- ing up their families on their own.They often live in refugee camps,with no land of their own and no way to earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job.They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives.If they agree to join he program,they receive a large package of food each month.In return,the women are required to attend freeliteracy classes for two卜ours every day. When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea, 5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months.It is especially popular with teenage girls,aged fourteen to sixteen,who have never had a chance to go to school before.The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women,using the same system of food rewards.In these courses,they will teach women job skills and crafts,such as basket weaving. These women will not only learn to read and write,but also become aware of what is going on in their coun- try，and they will be able to have a voice in their future.According to the passage,traditional ideas about women_________.A:are rejected by the younger generation B:help improve the economyC: hinder economic developmentD:have little impact on economic development
共用题干第三篇Food for LearningIn Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditionalideas about the role of women.They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation. Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families.In Eritrea,in fact,there is great need for improvement.It is one of the poorest countries in the world.For many Eritrean families,getting enough food is a daily problem.To deal with these problems,the Eritrean government,together with the World Food Program,has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning. In primary schools,all the children receive food packages to take home to their families.However,with the new program,the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys.This way,parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women,this pro缪m offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization)to women and older girls who are willing to join the program.Because of the war with Ethiopia,many women are bring- ing up their families on their own.They often live in refugee camps,with no land of their own and no way to earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job.They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives.If they agree to join he program,they receive a large package of food each month.In return,the women are required to attend freeliteracy classes for two卜ours every day. When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea, 5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months.It is especially popular with teenage girls,aged fourteen to sixteen,who have never had a chance to go to school before.The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women,using the same system of food rewards.In these courses,they will teach women job skills and crafts,such as basket weaving. These women will not only learn to read and write,but also become aware of what is going on in their coun- try，and they will be able to have a voice in their future.With the Food for Training program,women get a large package of food as long as__________.A: they attend free literacy classes every dayB:they have no land of their ownC:they bring up their families on their ownD:they live in refugee camps
共用题干第三篇Food for LearningIn Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditionalideas about the role of women.They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation. Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families.In Eritrea,in fact,there is great need for improvement.It is one of the poorest countries in the world.For many Eritrean families,getting enough food is a daily problem.To deal with these problems,the Eritrean government,together with the World Food Program,has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning. In primary schools,all the children receive food packages to take home to their families.However,with the new program,the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys.This way,parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women,this pro缪m offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization)to women and older girls who are willing to join the program.Because of the war with Ethiopia,many women are bring- ing up their families on their own.They often live in refugee camps,with no land of their own and no way to earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job.They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives.If they agree to join he program,they receive a large package of food each month.In return,the women are required to attend freeliteracy classes for two卜ours every day. When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea, 5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months.It is especially popular with teenage girls,aged fourteen to sixteen,who have never had a chance to go to school before.The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women,using the same system of food rewards.In these courses,they will teach women job skills and crafts,such as basket weaving. These women will not only learn to read and write,but also become aware of what is going on in their coun- try，and they will be able to have a voice in their future.The Eritrean government is offering extra food to girls in school in order to________.A:encourage parents to keep girls at homeB:change traditional attitudes towards womenC:help girls feed their familiesD:create more jobs for Eritrean teachers
共用题干第三篇Food for LearningIn Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditionalideas about the role of women.They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation. Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families.In Eritrea,in fact,there is great need for improvement.It is one of the poorest countries in the world.For many Eritrean families,getting enough food is a daily problem.To deal with these problems,the Eritrean government,together with the World Food Program,has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning. In primary schools,all the children receive food packages to take home to their families.However,with the new program,the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys.This way,parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women,this pro缪m offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization)to women and older girls who are willing to join the program.Because of the war with Ethiopia,many women are bring- ing up their families on their own.They often live in refugee camps,with no land of their own and no way to earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job.They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives.If they agree to join he program,they receive a large package of food each month.In return,the women are required to attend freeliteracy classes for two卜ours every day. When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea, 5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months.It is especially popular with teenage girls,aged fourteen to sixteen,who have never had a chance to go to school before.The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women,using the same system of food rewards.In these courses,they will teach women job skills and crafts,such as basket weaving. These women will not only learn to read and write,but also become aware of what is going on in their coun- try，and they will be able to have a voice in their future.According to the passage,Food for Training will_________.A:help women better their livesB:encourage women to leave their countryC:teach women about international aidD:allow women to spend more time at home
共用题干第三篇Global Cancer Rates to Rise by 50% by 2020The number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to increase by 50%by the year 2020.But a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action.The World Cancer Report,released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer,shows that cancer has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as well as rich ones.Overall,cancer was responsible for 12%of all deaths in 2000.But in many countries more than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer.The report shows that 1 0 million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000,and that number is expected to rise to 15 million by 2020.Researchers say most of that increase will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits."Cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries for the first time, matching its effect in industrialized（工业化的）countries , " said researcher Paul Kleihues,MD,director of IARC,in a news release."Once considered a'Western' disease,the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the world's cancer burden,in terms of both numbers of cases and deaths,already occurs in developing countries."The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developed ones.However,the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries , where 80% of cancer patients already have late-stage incurable tumors（肿瘤） at the time of diagnosis.Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacco,occupational carcinogens（致癌物）,and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle.As less-developed countries become industrialized and more prosperous,they tend to adopt the high-fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the West,which increase cancer rates. The report says that steps could be taken to reduce aboutA:50% of new cancers. B:33% of new cancers.C:12% of new cancers. D:80% of new cancers.
共用题干第三篇Global Cancer Rates to Rise by 50% by 2020The number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to increase by 50%by the year 2020.But a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action.The World Cancer Report,released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer,shows that cancer has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as well as rich ones.Overall,cancer was responsible for 12%of all deaths in 2000.But in many countries more than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer.The report shows that 1 0 million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000,and that number is expected to rise to 15 million by 2020.Researchers say most of that increase will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits."Cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries for the first time, matching its effect in industrialized（工业化的）countries , " said researcher Paul Kleihues,MD,director of IARC,in a news release."Once considered a'Western' disease,the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the world's cancer burden,in terms of both numbers of cases and deaths,already occurs in developing countries."The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developed ones.However,the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries , where 80% of cancer patients already have late-stage incurable tumors（肿瘤） at the time of diagnosis.Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacco,occupational carcinogens（致癌物）,and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle.As less-developed countries become industrialized and more prosperous,they tend to adopt the high-fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the West,which increase cancer rates. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?A:There were 1 0 million cancer patients worldwide in 2000.B:Generally,cancer accounted for 12% of all deaths in 2000.C:Cancer is the cause of over 25%of all deaths in many countries.D:It is expected that global cancer rates will go up by 50%by 2020.
共用题干第三篇Global Cancer Rates to Rise by 50% by 2020The number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to increase by 50%by the year 2020.But a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action.The World Cancer Report,released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer,shows that cancer has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as well as rich ones.Overall,cancer was responsible for 12%of all deaths in 2000.But in many countries more than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer.The report shows that 1 0 million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000,and that number is expected to rise to 15 million by 2020.Researchers say most of that increase will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits."Cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries for the first time, matching its effect in industrialized（工业化的）countries , " said researcher Paul Kleihues,MD,director of IARC,in a news release."Once considered a'Western' disease,the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the world's cancer burden,in terms of both numbers of cases and deaths,already occurs in developing countries."The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developed ones.However,the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries , where 80% of cancer patients already have late-stage incurable tumors（肿瘤） at the time of diagnosis.Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacco,occupational carcinogens（致癌物）,and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle.As less-developed countries become industrialized and more prosperous,they tend to adopt the high-fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the West,which increase cancer rates. The risk of dying from cancer in developed countries isA:double that in developing countries.B:much higher than that in developing countries.C:the same as that in developing countries.D:much lower than that in developing countries.
共用题干第三篇Global Cancer Rates to Rise by 50% by 2020The number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to increase by 50%by the year 2020.But a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action.The World Cancer Report,released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer,shows that cancer has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as well as rich ones.Overall,cancer was responsible for 12%of all deaths in 2000.But in many countries more than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer.The report shows that 1 0 million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000,and that number is expected to rise to 15 million by 2020.Researchers say most of that increase will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits."Cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries for the first time, matching its effect in industrialized（工业化的）countries , " said researcher Paul Kleihues,MD,director of IARC,in a news release."Once considered a'Western' disease,the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the world's cancer burden,in terms of both numbers of cases and deaths,already occurs in developing countries."The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developed ones.However,the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries , where 80% of cancer patients already have late-stage incurable tumors（肿瘤） at the time of diagnosis.Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacco,occupational carcinogens（致癌物）,and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle.As less-developed countries become industrialized and more prosperous,they tend to adopt the high-fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the West,which increase cancer rates. According to Paul Kleihues,cancer was once regarded asA:an incurable disease. B:a mysterious disease.C:a"Western"disease. D:a world disease.
单选题What is mentioned as a reason why the world market is being globalised?AThe developing countries can get goods and services from western countries only.BSome western multinationals are eager to reap profits from other countries.CThe developed countries depend more on resources of the developing countries.DThe world is becoming more connected through internet and telecommunications.
单选题What does the world bank study show?AThe use of tobacco results in a global net loss of US $200 billion per year in the developing world.BEconomic loss caused by tobacco in the developing countries equals that of the developed countries.CHuge amount of economic loss has been incurred by closing down tobacco factories in the developing countries.DThe use of tobacco results in a global net loss of US $200 billion per year, but it does not affect the quality of life of smokers or their families.
单选题According to the speaker, ______ .Athe Japanese imported industrial silicon for breast implants after World War II.Bthe invading forces sold silicon to Japanese women working in factories.Cplastic surgery is also very popular with women in Western countries.DAsian women undergoing plastic surgery are eager to emigrate to the US.
单选题Which of the following statements is true of the tobacco industry?ATobacco is bad for people’s health but good for the national economy.BTobacco has had a favourable economic impact in many countries in recent years.CDeveloped countries such as UK and the U.S. should transfer their technology in the tobacco industry to the developing countries.DTobacco industry is bad for the economy for rich and poor countries alike.
单选题From the passage, we learn that _____.AWorld Bank has done nothing to help the poor in the worldBIMF only helps the rich in the worldCWorld Bank controls all the banks in the worldDThere are some demonstrations against World Bank in recent years
单选题According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?ASchool phobia, which is widespread in many countries, is no cause for alarm.BThe problem of school phobia in Japan can not be solved unless it gets rid of its social evils.CDespite school phobia the Japanese educational system remains on of the best in the world.DUnrelenting pressures in the Japanese society contribute greatly to success.