共用题干Parkinson's Disease1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move.It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally , these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine（多巴胺）. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement.It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do.When you have Parkinson's,these nerve cells break down.Then you nolonger have enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes,including aging and poisons in the environment.Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people.But so far,there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.It is one of the most common signs of the disease,although not everyone has it.Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body.It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg.It may get better when you move the limb or when you are asleep.In time,Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body,so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation（便秘）.In the later stages of the disease,a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression,trouble" speaking,and other problems.Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.4 At this time,there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with.You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild.Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life.Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse.You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.Paragraph 4___________A:Means of Diagnosis of the DiseaseB:Tips for Patients With the DiseaseC:Common Treatment for the DiseaseD:Definition of Parkinson's DiseaseE:Possible Causes of the DiseaseF:Tvnical Svmntoms of the Disease
共用题干
Parkinson's Disease
1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move.It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve
cells in the brain. Normally , these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine（多巴胺）.
Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement.It lets your muscles move smoothly
and do what you want them to do.When you have Parkinson's,these nerve cells break down.Then you no
longer have enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.
2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.But scientists are doing a lot of
research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes,including aging and poisons in the
environment.Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people.But so far,there is not
enough proof to show that it is always inherited.
3 Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.It is one of the most common signs of the
disease,although not everyone has it.Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the
body.It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg.It may get better when you
move the limb or when you are asleep.In time,Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body,so it can
lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation（便秘）.In the later stages of the disease,a person
with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression,trouble" speaking,and other problems.Some people
also have a decrease in mental skills.
4 At this time,there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.But there are several types of medicines that
can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with.You may not even need treatment if your
symptoms are mild.Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of
your daily life.Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse.You may need to take
several medicines to get the best results.
Parkinson's Disease
1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move.It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve
cells in the brain. Normally , these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine（多巴胺）.
Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement.It lets your muscles move smoothly
and do what you want them to do.When you have Parkinson's,these nerve cells break down.Then you no
longer have enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.
2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.But scientists are doing a lot of
research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes,including aging and poisons in the
environment.Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people.But so far,there is not
enough proof to show that it is always inherited.
3 Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.It is one of the most common signs of the
disease,although not everyone has it.Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the
body.It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg.It may get better when you
move the limb or when you are asleep.In time,Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body,so it can
lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation（便秘）.In the later stages of the disease,a person
with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression,trouble" speaking,and other problems.Some people
also have a decrease in mental skills.
4 At this time,there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.But there are several types of medicines that
can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with.You may not even need treatment if your
symptoms are mild.Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of
your daily life.Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse.You may need to take
several medicines to get the best results.
Paragraph 4___________
A:Means of Diagnosis of the Disease
B:Tips for Patients With the Disease
C:Common Treatment for the Disease
D:Definition of Parkinson's Disease
E:Possible Causes of the Disease
F:Tvnical Svmntoms of the Disease
A:Means of Diagnosis of the Disease
B:Tips for Patients With the Disease
C:Common Treatment for the Disease
D:Definition of Parkinson's Disease
E:Possible Causes of the Disease
F:Tvnical Svmntoms of the Disease
参考解析
解析：即帕金森综合征的定义。本段的中心意思是“什么是帕金森综合征”。
即导致疾病产生的可能的原因。本段主要探讨的是这种疾病发生的原因。
即疾病的典型症状。本段讲的是帕金森综合征的一些典型的病症，如颤抖、吞咽困难和 便秘等等。
即通常的治疗方法。从本段可知，虽然帕金森综合征还不能治愈，但是可以通过几种 药物控制患者的病情。
即如果没有足够的多巴胺你会发现自己难以随心所欲地行动。根据第一段最后一句 "Then you no longer have enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.”可 知，本题应选B。
即科学家做了很多研究试图发现导致帕金森综合征的原因。从第二段第一句“No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.”可知，本题应选F。
即帕金森病最常见的病症是颤抖，它可能是你发现的第一个症状。从第三段第一句 "Tremor (颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.”可知，本题应选D。
患帕金森综合征的人必须学会和这种疾病共处，因为现在人们还无法治愈它。从最后 一段第一句“At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.”可知，本题应选C。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 本篇文章主要介绍了心脏在人的生命过程中产生新的心肌细胞的能力。
即导致疾病产生的可能的原因。本段主要探讨的是这种疾病发生的原因。
即疾病的典型症状。本段讲的是帕金森综合征的一些典型的病症，如颤抖、吞咽困难和 便秘等等。
即通常的治疗方法。从本段可知，虽然帕金森综合征还不能治愈，但是可以通过几种 药物控制患者的病情。
即如果没有足够的多巴胺你会发现自己难以随心所欲地行动。根据第一段最后一句 "Then you no longer have enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.”可 知，本题应选B。
即科学家做了很多研究试图发现导致帕金森综合征的原因。从第二段第一句“No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.”可知，本题应选F。
即帕金森病最常见的病症是颤抖，它可能是你发现的第一个症状。从第三段第一句 "Tremor (颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.”可知，本题应选D。
患帕金森综合征的人必须学会和这种疾病共处，因为现在人们还无法治愈它。从最后 一段第一句“At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.”可知，本题应选C。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 本篇文章主要介绍了心脏在人的生命过程中产生新的心肌细胞的能力。
相关考题：
共用题干第一篇Putting Plants to WorkUsing the power of the sun is nothing new.People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings withsolar panels（太阳能电池板）for decades. But plants are the real experts. They' ve been using sunlight as anenergy source for billions of years.Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide（二氧化 碳）,and water into sugarsand starche（淀粉）,stored energy that the piants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis (光合作用）Unfortunately, unless you' re a plant, it's difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.Some scientists are trying to get plants,or biological cells that act like plants, to work as very small photosynthesic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden. Cobo.,is working with green algae（水藻）.She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficient- ly ,the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthe- sis , plants normally make sugars or strchds. "But under certain conditions,a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch , but to make hydrogen."Ghirardi says. For example ,algae will produce hy-drogen in an airfree environment. It' s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate（硫酸盐） from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars,even when air is present.Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly,and not much hydrogen is produced. Still ,the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work,they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen.The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says,and they can grow almost anywhere:"You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms." Researchers find it difficult to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently because_______________.A:it is hard to create an airfree environmentB:it is expensive to remove the sulfate from the environmentC:removing the sulfate slows down hydrogen productionD:the algae's cells work slowly if there is no oxygen in the air
共用题干Learning DisabilitiesLearning disabilities are very common.They affect perhaps 1 0 percent of all children.Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.Since about 1970,new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better.Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things.There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability.There is no outward sign of the disorder.So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.In one study,researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things.One involved cells in the left side of the brain,which control language.These cells normally are white.In the learning disabled person,however,these cells were gray.The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been.The nerve cells were mixed together.The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind,an early expert on learning disabilities, Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally.Probably,he said,nerve cells there did not connect as they should.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.Other researchers did not examine brain tissue.Instead,they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston.Doctor Dully found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems.The differences appeared throughout the brain.Doctor Dully said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain,not just the left side.Scientists found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from those of a normal person in______.A:structure and functionB:color and functionC:size and arrangementD:color and arrangement
共用题干第一篇Putting Plants to WorkUsing the power of the sun is nothing new.People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings withsolar panels（太阳能电池板）for decades. But plants are the real experts. They' ve been using sunlight as anenergy source for billions of years.Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide（二氧化 碳）,and water into sugarsand starche（淀粉）,stored energy that the piants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis (光合作用）Unfortunately, unless you' re a plant, it's difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.Some scientists are trying to get plants,or biological cells that act like plants, to work as very small photosynthesic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden. Cobo.,is working with green algae（水藻）.She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficient- ly ,the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthe- sis , plants normally make sugars or strchds. "But under certain conditions,a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch , but to make hydrogen."Ghirardi says. For example ,algae will produce hy-drogen in an airfree environment. It' s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate（硫酸盐） from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars,even when air is present.Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly,and not much hydrogen is produced. Still ,the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work,they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen.The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says,and they can grow almost anywhere:"You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms." Algae are able to use solar energy to produce hydrogen when_______________.A:they are grown in narrow-necked bottlesB:there is no oxygen in the airC:there is enough oxygen in the airD:enough starch is stored
共用题干Learning DisabilitiesLearning disabilities are very common.They affect perhaps 1 0 percent of all children.Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.Since about 1970,new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better.Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things.There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability.There is no outward sign of the disorder.So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.In one study,researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things.One involved cells in the left side of the brain,which control language.These cells normally are white.In the learning disabled person,however,these cells were gray.The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been.The nerve cells were mixed together.The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind,an early expert on learning disabilities, Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally.Probably,he said,nerve cells there did not connect as they should.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.Other researchers did not examine brain tissue.Instead,they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston.Doctor Dully found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems.The differences appeared throughout the brain.Doctor Dully said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain,not just the left side.Doctor Dully believed that______.A:he found the exact cause of learning disabilitiesB:the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brainC:the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brainD:the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brain
共用题干Learning DisabilitiesLearning disabilities are very common.They affect perhaps 1 0 percent of all children.Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.Since about 1970,new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better.Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things.There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability.There is no outward sign of the disorder.So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.In one study,researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things.One involved cells in the left side of the brain,which control language.These cells normally are white.In the learning disabled person,however,these cells were gray.The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been.The nerve cells were mixed together.The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind,an early expert on learning disabilities, Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally.Probably,he said,nerve cells there did not connect as they should.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.Other researchers did not examine brain tissue.Instead,they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston.Doctor Dully found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems.The differences appeared throughout the brain.Doctor Dully said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain,not just the left side.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A:Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brain.B:Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brain.C:Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of the brain cells.D:Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain.
共用题干第一篇Putting Plants to WorkUsing the power of the sun is nothing new.People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings withsolar panels（太阳能电池板）for decades. But plants are the real experts. They' ve been using sunlight as anenergy source for billions of years.Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide（二氧化 碳）,and water into sugarsand starche（淀粉）,stored energy that the piants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis (光合作用）Unfortunately, unless you' re a plant, it's difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.Some scientists are trying to get plants,or biological cells that act like plants, to work as very small photosynthesic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden. Cobo.,is working with green algae（水藻）.She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficient- ly ,the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthe- sis , plants normally make sugars or strchds. "But under certain conditions,a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch , but to make hydrogen."Ghirardi says. For example ,algae will produce hy-drogen in an airfree environment. It' s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate（硫酸盐） from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars,even when air is present.Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly,and not much hydrogen is produced. Still ,the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work,they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen.The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says,and they can grow almost anywhere:"You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms." What does Ghirardi say about algae?A:They can be a good energy source.B:They grow faster in a reactor.C:They will be planted everywhere.D:They are cheap to eat.
共用题干Learning DisabilitiesLearning disabilities are very common.They affect perhaps 1 0 percent of all children.Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.Since about 1970,new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better.Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things.There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability.There is no outward sign of the disorder.So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.In one study,researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things.One involved cells in the left side of the brain,which control language.These cells normally are white.In the learning disabled person,however,these cells were gray.The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been.The nerve cells were mixed together.The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind,an early expert on learning disabilities, Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally.Probably,he said,nerve cells there did not connect as they should.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.Other researchers did not examine brain tissue.Instead,they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston.Doctor Dully found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems.The differences appeared throughout the brain.Doctor Dully said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain,not just the left side.According to the passage we can conclude that further researches should be made______.A:to help learning-disabled children to develop their intelligenceB:to study how children learn to read and write,and use numbersC:to investigate possible influences on brain development and organizationD:to explore how the left side of the brain functions in language learning
共用题干Learning DisabilitiesLearning disabilities are very common.They affect perhaps 1 0 percent of all children.Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.Since about 1970,new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better.Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things.There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability.There is no outward sign of the disorder.So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.In one study,researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things.One involved cells in the left side of the brain,which control language.These cells normally are white.In the learning disabled person,however,these cells were gray.The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been.The nerve cells were mixed together.The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind,an early expert on learning disabilities, Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally.Probably,he said,nerve cells there did not connect as they should.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.Other researchers did not examine brain tissue.Instead,they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston.Doctor Dully found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems.The differences appeared throughout the brain.Doctor Dully said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain,not just the left side.All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that______.A:many factors account for learning disorderB:a learning-disabled person shows no outward signsC:reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the populationD:the brain activity of learning-disabled children is different from that of normal children
共用题干Parkinson's Disease1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move.It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally , these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine（多巴胺）. Dopa-mine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement.It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do.When you have Parkinson's,these nerve cells break down.Then you no longerhave enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.But scientists are doing a lot of re-search to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes,including aging and poisons in the en- vironment.Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people.But so far,there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.It is one of the most common signs of the disease,although not everyone has it.Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body.It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or when you are asleep.In time,Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body,so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation（便秘）.In the later stages of the disease , a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression,trouble speaking,and other problems.Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.4 At this time,there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with.You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild.Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life.Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse.You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.You'll find it hard to move the way you want to__________.A:what affects muscles all through your bodyB:if there isn't enough dopamine in your bodyC:which cannot be cured yetD:which may be the first symptom you noticeE:if you have a fixed or blank expression F: what causes Parkinson's disease
共用题干Parkinson's Disease1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move.It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally , these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine（多巴胺）. Dopa-mine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement.It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do.When you have Parkinson's,these nerve cells break down.Then you no longerhave enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.But scientists are doing a lot of re-search to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes,including aging and poisons in the en- vironment.Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people.But so far,there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.It is one of the most common signs of the disease,although not everyone has it.Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body.It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or when you are asleep.In time,Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body,so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation（便秘）.In the later stages of the disease , a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression,trouble speaking,and other problems.Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.4 At this time,there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with.You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild.Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life.Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse.You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.A lot of research is being done to find out__________.A:what affects muscles all through your bodyB:if there isn't enough dopamine in your bodyC:which cannot be cured yetD:which may be the first symptom you noticeE:if you have a fixed or blank expression F: what causes Parkinson's disease
共用题干Parkinson's Disease1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move.It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally , these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine（多巴胺）. Dopa-mine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement.It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do.When you have Parkinson's,these nerve cells break down.Then you no longerhave enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.But scientists are doing a lot of re-search to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes,including aging and poisons in the en- vironment.Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people.But so far,there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.It is one of the most common signs of the disease,although not everyone has it.Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body.It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or when you are asleep.In time,Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body,so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation（便秘）.In the later stages of the disease , a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression,trouble speaking,and other problems.Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.4 At this time,there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with.You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild.Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life.Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse.You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.One of the most common signs of Parkinson's is tremor,__________.A:what affects muscles all through your bodyB:if there isn't enough dopamine in your bodyC:which cannot be cured yetD:which may be the first symptom you noticeE:if you have a fixed or blank expression F: what causes Parkinson's disease
共用题干Parkinson's Disease1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move.It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally , these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine（多巴胺）. Dopa-mine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement.It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do.When you have Parkinson's,these nerve cells break down.Then you no longerhave enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.But scientists are doing a lot of re-search to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes,including aging and poisons in the en- vironment.Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people.But so far,there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.It is one of the most common signs of the disease,although not everyone has it.Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body.It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or when you are asleep.In time,Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body,so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation（便秘）.In the later stages of the disease , a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression,trouble speaking,and other problems.Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.4 At this time,there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with.You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild.Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life.Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse.You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.Paragraph 1__________A:Means of Diagnosis of the DiseaseB:Tips for Patients With the DiseaseC:Common Treatment for the DiseaseD:Definition of Parkinson's DiseaseE:Possible Causes of the DiseaseF: Typical Symptoms of the Disease
共用题干Parkinson's Disease1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move.It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally , these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine（多巴胺）. Dopa-mine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement.It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do.When you have Parkinson's,these nerve cells break down.Then you no longerhave enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.But scientists are doing a lot of re-search to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes,including aging and poisons in the en- vironment.Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people.But so far,there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.It is one of the most common signs of the disease,although not everyone has it.Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body.It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or when you are asleep.In time,Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body,so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation（便秘）.In the later stages of the disease , a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression,trouble speaking,and other problems.Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.4 At this time,there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with.You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild.Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life.Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse.You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.A person with Parkinson's has to learn to live with the disease,__________.A:what affects muscles all through your bodyB:if there isn't enough dopamine in your bodyC:which cannot be cured yetD:which may be the first symptom you noticeE:if you have a fixed or blank expression F: what causes Parkinson's disease
共用题干第二篇 Diabetes（糖尿病）and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diabetes.It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age.Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin（胰岛素）or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose（葡萄糖）,a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose,which is used by the cells as a source of energy.If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells,glucose will stay in the blood,leading to high blood sugar levels.High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels,including the tiny blood vessels in the eye．This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy（糖尿病型视网膜病）. The retina（视网膜）is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy,some blood vessels in the retina are lost,and some of the other blood vessels begin to"leak"blood.This causes the retina to swell,and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients（滋养物）.Eventually , the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones.Unfortunately,these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones.They are more likely to break,causing bleeding in the eye.At first,people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms.As the disease gets worse , they may notice blurred（模糊的）vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on,it can progress to blindness.Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy,and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.Fortunately,you can reduce your risk.If you do not have diabetes,but think you may be at risk for this condition,visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes.If you do have diabetes:Have frequent eye check-ups.Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage.If you have high blood pressure,follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control.If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure,or whether your blood pressure is under control,discuss this with your doctor.The word"its"in the second paragraph refers toA: the nerve's. B:the blood's.C:the eye's. D: the retina's,
共用题干Ear BreakthroughNew research published in the journal Current Biology has added significantly to understand-ing of how the ear works,giving hope to millions of deaf and hard of hearing people.The latest research,conducted by Dr. T. Albet,a Deafness Research UK research fel-low at the UCL Ear Institute,together with scientists at the University of Cologne,shows that fruit flies have ears which mechanically amplify sound signals in a remarkably similar way to the senso- ry（感觉的）cells found in the inner ear of vertebrates（脊椎动物）including humans. The finding means that the wealth of genetic techniques already available to study the fruit fly can now be used to target how the ear works.Dr. Albert says.“The biophysical parallels between the ways both fruit flies and humans convert sound into nerve signals are truly amazing.We may be allowed to hope that these mecha- nistic（机械学的）similarities extend further down to the genes and molecules that bring about hearing.But even if it finally should turn out that hearing in fruit flies relies on different mole-cules than does hearing in humans,the little fruit fly can help us find answers to some key ques-tions of hearing research and -what is sometimes even more important -will surely help us ask the right questions.”The work is welcomed by Deafness Research UK,the country's only medical research charity for deaf people.Vivienne Michael,chief executive of Deafness Research UK.says,“This is an important advance that paves the way toward a clear understanding of the genetics of deafness.The charity will continue to support culling-edge（尖端的）research through its Fellowship programme at the UCI.Ear institute and at other top research centres in the UK to achieve our goal of secu-ring audial improvements in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of all forms of hearing impair-ment.”There are nine million deaf and hard of hearing people in the UK and in most cases deafness results from loss of sensory cells in the inner ear known as“hair” cells.The cells can be damaged and lost through ageing,noise,genetic defects and certain drugs and,because the cells don't re- generate,the result is progressive— and irreversible—hearing loss .Damage to these cells can al-so lead to tinnitus（耳鸣）,which affects around five million people in the UK. Fruit files and humans share similarities in how they_______.A:.ask and answer questionsB: pass on their genesC: reproduceD: convert sound into nerve signals
共用题干第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.Before receiving healthy cells,diseased cells must_________.A:undergo chemotherapyB:go through radiationC:be preparedD:be wrecked
共用题干第二篇Bone Marrow TransplantationBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones,such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells,called stem cells.The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body,the white blood cells that fight infections,and the platelets that help with blood clotting.If there is a problem with your bone marrow,a transplant can give you healthy new marrow. You could need a transplant because of a disease,such as bone marrow diseases or cancers like leukemia kemia or lymphoma.Or you might need one if a strong cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.People with cancer sometimes donate bone marrow before treatment to be transplanted later. But often the new marrow comes from a donor,either a close family member or someone unrelated.The healthy cells for a transplant can come from three sources:bone marrow;peripheral (circulating) blood that has an increased number of healthy blood-forming cells(also called peripheral blood stem cells or PBSC);umbilical cord blood that is collected after a baby is born.If you need an allogeneic transplant,your doctor will look for a marrow donor or cord blood unit that matches your HLA tissue type.HLA stands for human leukocyte antigen,a markei your immune system uses to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not.Before your body can receive the healthy cells,the diseased cells must be destroyed.This is done using chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. The destruction of diseased cells is called a preparative regimen or a conditioning regimen.On the day of transplant,the cells from the marrow donor or cord blood unit are infused intravenously(go into your body through a large vein).These healthy cells move into the spaces inside your bones where they create new marrow. They grow and make healthy new red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.Healthy stem cells may come from the following sources EXCEPT__________.A:peripheral blood stem cellsB:baby bloodC:bone marrowD:cord blood
共用题干What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?When you eat,your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel.______(46)Your body uses glucose for energy,so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game.But glucose can't be used by the body on its own-it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body.Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas,a large organ near the stomach?The pancreas makes insulin;insulin brings glucose into the cells;and the body gets the energy it needs.When a person has insulin一dependent diabetes,it's because the pancreas is not making insulin.So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs,but without insulin,there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy.______(47)You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes,maybe people of your grandparents'age.Usually,this is a different kind of diabetes called non一insulin一dependent diabetes.It can also be called Type 2 diabetes,or adult-onset diabetes.______(48) When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile(insulin-dependent)diabetes,he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life.It won't ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness.______(49)Many scientists believe that along with having certain genes,something else outside the person's body, like a viral infection,is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.But the person must have the gene(or genes)for diabetes to start' out with一this means you can't get diabetes just from catching a flu,virus,or cold.And this type of diabetes isn't caused by eating too many sugary foods,either.Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person's body-sometimes months or years?Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious.______(50)______(47)A:Genes are something that you inherit from your parents,and they are in your body even before you're born.B:This sugar-fuel is called glucose?C:It may be possible to beat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes.D:You can't catch diabetes from people who have it,no matter how close you sit to them or if you kiss them.E:The glucose can't get into the cells of the body without insulin.F:When a person has this kind of diabetes,the pancreas usually can still make insulin,but the person's body needs more than the pancreas can make?
共用题干Parkinson's Disease1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move.It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally , these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine（多巴胺）. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement.It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do.When you have Parkinson's,these nerve cells break down.Then you nolonger have enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes,including aging and poisons in the environment.Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people.But so far,there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.It is one of the most common signs of the disease,although not everyone has it.Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body.It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg.It may get better when you move the limb or when you are asleep.In time,Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body,so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation（便秘）.In the later stages of the disease,a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression,trouble" speaking,and other problems.Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.4 At this time,there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with.You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild.Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life.Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse.You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.One of the most common signs of Parkinson's is tremor,__________.A:what affects muscles all through your bodyB:if there isn't enough dopamine in your bodyC:which cannot be cured yetD:which may be the first symptom you noticeE:if you have a fixed or blank expression F: what causes Parkinson's disease
共用题干Parkinson's Disease1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move.It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally , these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine（多巴胺）. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement.It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do.When you have Parkinson's,these nerve cells break down.Then you nolonger have enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes,including aging and poisons in the environment.Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people.But so far,there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.It is one of the most common signs of the disease,although not everyone has it.Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body.It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg.It may get better when you move the limb or when you are asleep.In time,Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body,so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation（便秘）.In the later stages of the disease,a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression,trouble" speaking,and other problems.Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.4 At this time,there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with.You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild.Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life.Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse.You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.You'll find it hard to move the way you want to______.A:what affects muscles all through your bodyB:if there isn't enough dopamine in your bodyC:which cannot be cured yetD:which may be the first symptom you noticeE:if you have a fixed or blank expression F: what causes Parkinson's disease
共用题干Parkinson's Disease1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move.It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally , these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine（多巴胺）. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement.It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do.When you have Parkinson's,these nerve cells break down.Then you nolonger have enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes,including aging and poisons in the environment.Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people.But so far,there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.It is one of the most common signs of the disease,although not everyone has it.Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body.It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg.It may get better when you move the limb or when you are asleep.In time,Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body,so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation（便秘）.In the later stages of the disease,a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression,trouble" speaking,and other problems.Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.4 At this time,there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with.You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild.Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life.Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse.You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.A person with Parkinson's has to learn to live with the disease,__________.A:what affects muscles all through your bodyB:if there isn't enough dopamine in your bodyC:which cannot be cured yetD:which may be the first symptom you noticeE:if you have a fixed or blank expression F: what causes Parkinson's disease
共用题干Parkinson's Disease1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move.It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally , these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine（多巴胺）. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement.It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do.When you have Parkinson's,these nerve cells break down.Then you nolonger have enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes,including aging and poisons in the environment.Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people.But so far,there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.It is one of the most common signs of the disease,although not everyone has it.Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body.It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg.It may get better when you move the limb or when you are asleep.In time,Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body,so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation（便秘）.In the later stages of the disease,a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression,trouble" speaking,and other problems.Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.4 At this time,there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with.You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild.Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life.Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse.You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.A lot of research is being done to find out__________.A:what affects muscles all through your bodyB:if there isn't enough dopamine in your bodyC:which cannot be cured yetD:which may be the first symptom you noticeE:if you have a fixed or blank expression F: what causes Parkinson's disease
Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of the ten billion nerve cells called（）.AneuronsBnerve systemCnervesDcerebral cortex
Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of the ten billion nerve cells called（）.A、neuronsB、nerve systemC、nervesD、cerebral cortex
单选题Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of the ten billion nerve cells called（）.AneuronsBnerve systemCnervesDcerebral cortex