Re-registration of Drugs
Re-registration of Drugs
相关考题：
Psychiatric－mental health nurses have the authority to prescribe drugs in most states in America. () 此题为判断题(对，错)。
You should mention the of the drugs to patients when giving medications. () A. nameB. usageC. side effectsD. price
People and animals are different ______their reactions to drugs and in the way ______their bodies work.A. in…whichB. in…thatC. by…whichD. from…that
The college will provide ________ for students who have problems with alcohol or drugs.A contradictionB counselingC contactD conception
The little girl _____ by the drug-pusher to carry drugs into the country.A. was made useB. was made usedC. was made use ofD. was made used of
They encourage doctors to ________ cheaper medicine instead of more expensive drugs. A.swallowB.appreciateC.admireD.prescribe
"药品说明书"是经过国家药品监督部门审核通过的，记录涵盖药物最常见的药物不良反应，具有一定的法律意义。关于药物不良反应主要的三本参考书是A．《马丁代尔药典》B．《麦氏药物副作用(Meyler's Side Ef-Fects Of Drugs)》C．《药物副作用年鉴(Side Effects of Drugs Annual)》D．《Physician's Desk Reference，PDR(医师案头参考，美国)》E．《注射药物手册(Handook on In-Jectabe Drugs)》
(41~45) Researchers have found that drugs used to treat human seizures can delay aging in worms by as much as 50 percent. The roundworms used for the study are similar to humans in their molecular makeup, raising thepossibility that the drugs could also extend the life span of humans。第41题：“By finding a class of drugs that delays aging we have found a relationship between the function of the nervous system and aging that was not well understood, ” said Kerry Komfeld, a geneticist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. The findings are detailed this week in the journal Science。 The discovery came out of the thesis work by one of Komfeld’s graduate students, Kimberley Evason. About four years ago, Evason began exposing groups of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans to commercially available drugs to see if the drugs would delay aging or promote longevity。A. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。B. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”C. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。D. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”E. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”
The discovery that the drugs extend the life span of roundworms could have important implications fox human aging as well. There are strong similarities on the molecular level between the proteins and genes thatA. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。B. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”C. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。D. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”E. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”
共用题干Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You SleepThe United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders.It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.Last Wednesday,the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerouseffects.These include the risk of life-threatening allergic（过敏性的）reactions.They also include rareincidents of strange behavior.These include people cooking food,eating and even driving while asleep.The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.Last year,a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident.PatrickKennedy , a representative from Rhode Island,crashed his car into a security barrier near the building wherelawmakers meet.The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt.Mr.Kennedy saidhe had earlier taken a sleep medicine.He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug thatcan cause sleepiness.The FDA did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented.However,the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien.Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking.Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep.But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.An FDA official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare.But,he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs.The FDA has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.The FDA announced that______.A:thirteen drug companies were closed last WednesdayB:only thirteen drugs could treat sleeping disordersC:some sleep drugs could lead to serious side effectsD:some makers of sleeping pills provided false information to their patients
We're bringing health care to"where people live and work."So declared Larry Merlo,CEO of CVS Health,an American retail-pharmacy giant,announcing a$69 billion deal to buy Aetna,a heatth insurer.One rationale for the deal-assuming the regulators wave it through-is for the merged firm to develop personalised health care that people can easily get access to.There is another,more defensive,impetus behind the deal-the prospect of Amazon going into prescription medicine.The American pharmaceutical market is an alluring one for the online giant.It is large,worth$450 billion in 2016.And it is widely regarded as inefficient,leaving customers without good information about products they are buying.Compared with books,toys and other bulky items,the drugs market would appear to be a nirvana for Amazon.Prescription medicines weigh almost nothing,take up little space and can cost hundreds or thousands of dollars per pill.But three barriers block the road to this idyll.First,the sale and distribution of drugs is heavily regulated.Amazon would not be able to dump prescription drugs into the same fulfilment channels as its other products.It must acquire pharmaceutical licences for any state where it wishes to operate.Amazon would also need approval from the Food and Drug Administration at a federal level.Operating in a controlled industry would be a departure for a free-wheeling tech firm.Second,most drugs are paid for by insurers,not by consumers.The pharmacy-benefits managers（PBMs）,a sort of middlemen that buy drugs for insurers and companies,perform the complex task of matching purchases with patients'insurers,so that drugs are paid for.That is a source of the sort of opacity that Amazon would seek to remove.But the rcommerce firm would still need to handle issues of payment in the background,without keeping asking consumers for insurance details.Third,although drugs do come in small packages,their shipping and handling often require special attention.Many drugs must be kept cold throughout the supply chain.Others are dangerous,and must be kept in locked cages.Yet these drugs are often also the most expensive.If Amazon cherry-picks drugs that fit well into its existing network,it will miss out on a large slice of the market.Customers could find it confusing to be able to get some prescriptions through Amazon's store but not others.Amazon could find itself a partner,however.In July the boss of Express Scripts,a PBM,said it could use Amazon as an"efficient provider in networks".Or Amazon could buy what it needs.It might buy Rite Aid,a big pharmacy chain,giving it licences,a"cold-chain"infrastructure and Rite Aid's small PBM in one swoop.A prospect like that goes a long way to explaining the marriage of CVS and Aetna.What is a PBM responsible for?A.It maiches drug purchases with patients.B.It seeks to remove the opacity about drugs.C.It explains the insurance details to consumers.D.It handles the issues concerning drugs payment
We're bringing health care to"where people live and work."So declared Larry Merlo,CEO of CVS Health,an American retail-pharmacy giant,announcing a$69 billion deal to buy Aetna,a heatth insurer.One rationale for the deal-assuming the regulators wave it through-is for the merged firm to develop personalised health care that people can easily get access to.There is another,more defensive,impetus behind the deal-the prospect of Amazon going into prescription medicine.The American pharmaceutical market is an alluring one for the online giant.It is large,worth$450 billion in 2016.And it is widely regarded as inefficient,leaving customers without good information about products they are buying.Compared with books,toys and other bulky items,the drugs market would appear to be a nirvana for Amazon.Prescription medicines weigh almost nothing,take up little space and can cost hundreds or thousands of dollars per pill.But three barriers block the road to this idyll.First,the sale and distribution of drugs is heavily regulated.Amazon would not be able to dump prescription drugs into the same fulfilment channels as its other products.It must acquire pharmaceutical licences for any state where it wishes to operate.Amazon would also need approval from the Food and Drug Administration at a federal level.Operating in a controlled industry would be a departure for a free-wheeling tech firm.Second,most drugs are paid for by insurers,not by consumers.The pharmacy-benefits managers（PBMs）,a sort of middlemen that buy drugs for insurers and companies,perform the complex task of matching purchases with patients'insurers,so that drugs are paid for.That is a source of the sort of opacity that Amazon would seek to remove.But the rcommerce firm would still need to handle issues of payment in the background,without keeping asking consumers for insurance details.Third,although drugs do come in small packages,their shipping and handling often require special attention.Many drugs must be kept cold throughout the supply chain.Others are dangerous,and must be kept in locked cages.Yet these drugs are often also the most expensive.If Amazon cherry-picks drugs that fit well into its existing network,it will miss out on a large slice of the market.Customers could find it confusing to be able to get some prescriptions through Amazon's store but not others.Amazon could find itself a partner,however.In July the boss of Express Scripts,a PBM,said it could use Amazon as an"efficient provider in networks".Or Amazon could buy what it needs.It might buy Rite Aid,a big pharmacy chain,giving it licences,a"cold-chain"infrastructure and Rite Aid's small PBM in one swoop.A prospect like that goes a long way to explaining the marriage of CVS and Aetna.What prompted CVS to buy Aetna?A.lts eagerness to bring health care to all.B.Its desire to develop personalized medicineC.Its concern over a potential threatD.lts passion for prescription drug business
We're bringing health care to"where people live and work."So declared Larry Merlo,CEO of CVS Health,an American retail-pharmacy giant,announcing a$69 billion deal to buy Aetna,a heatth insurer.One rationale for the deal-assuming the regulators wave it through-is for the merged firm to develop personalised health care that people can easily get access to.There is another,more defensive,impetus behind the deal-the prospect of Amazon going into prescription medicine.The American pharmaceutical market is an alluring one for the online giant.It is large,worth$450 billion in 2016.And it is widely regarded as inefficient,leaving customers without good information about products they are buying.Compared with books,toys and other bulky items,the drugs market would appear to be a nirvana for Amazon.Prescription medicines weigh almost nothing,take up little space and can cost hundreds or thousands of dollars per pill.But three barriers block the road to this idyll.First,the sale and distribution of drugs is heavily regulated.Amazon would not be able to dump prescription drugs into the same fulfilment channels as its other products.It must acquire pharmaceutical licences for any state where it wishes to operate.Amazon would also need approval from the Food and Drug Administration at a federal level.Operating in a controlled industry would be a departure for a free-wheeling tech firm.Second,most drugs are paid for by insurers,not by consumers.The pharmacy-benefits managers（PBMs）,a sort of middlemen that buy drugs for insurers and companies,perform the complex task of matching purchases with patients'insurers,so that drugs are paid for.That is a source of the sort of opacity that Amazon would seek to remove.But the rcommerce firm would still need to handle issues of payment in the background,without keeping asking consumers for insurance details.Third,although drugs do come in small packages,their shipping and handling often require special attention.Many drugs must be kept cold throughout the supply chain.Others are dangerous,and must be kept in locked cages.Yet these drugs are often also the most expensive.If Amazon cherry-picks drugs that fit well into its existing network,it will miss out on a large slice of the market.Customers could find it confusing to be able to get some prescriptions through Amazon's store but not others.Amazon could find itself a partner,however.In July the boss of Express Scripts,a PBM,said it could use Amazon as an"efficient provider in networks".Or Amazon could buy what it needs.It might buy Rite Aid,a big pharmacy chain,giving it licences,a"cold-chain"infrastructure and Rite Aid's small PBM in one swoop.A prospect like that goes a long way to explaining the marriage of CVS and Aetna.To sell drugs in America,Amazon mustA.acquire a federal pharmaceurical license.B.strengthen iis shipping infrastructure.C.select those fitting into its existing network.D.state clearly what prescriptions it has in store.
共用题干第一篇New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS VirusA high-profile attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise.But researchers won't know for a year or more whether it will work,scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference on Viruses and Infections."This is a study that's in progress,"says Ho,head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York.The study involves 20 people who started combinations of anti-HIV drugs very early in the course of the disease,within 90 days of their infections.They'ye been treated for up to 18 months.Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system.The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the blood of all remaining patients.And,in the latest development,scientists have now tested lymph nodes and semen from a few patients and found no virus reproducing there,Ho says."Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent,"Ho says.Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining viruses一at least from known reservoirs throughout the body—in two to three years.But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back.On Wednesday,Ho said he wouldn't ask any patient to consider that step before 2(1/2)years of treatment.And he emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early,aggressive treatment outside of trials.No one knows the long-term risks.But other scientists are looking at similar experiments.A federally funded study will put 300 patients on triple-drug treatments and then see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress the virus on just one or two drugs,says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California,San Diego. Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after 1 8 months or more,he says. We prove that the drugs have wiped out the remaining viruses by________.A:using up all the drugs at onceB:waiting for the virus to die slowlyC:asking the patients'feeling about the diseaseD:stopping the drugs to see if the virus comes back
Careful surveys have indicated that asmany as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs directed.A.like B.so C.which D.as
单选题Which of the following is NOT a reason why health care investment fails to bring a longer life?ADrug reaction due to improper use of drugs.BImbalanced distribution of health care money.CSoaring prices of both drugs and new therapies.DFailure of many highly-evaluated medical treatments.
单选题It was three British sportsmen who（）banned drugs.Awere catching takingBcaught to takeCcaught in takingDwere caught taking
单选题The controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on _____.Awhether psychologists should use drugs to cure their patientsBhow psychologists should treat their patientsCthe fact that all of the drugs have harmful side effectsDthe extent to which drugs should be used to fight psychological illness
问答题…Certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle...
单选题Many doctors direct their patients to name-brand drugs, but smart consumers know that generic drugs cost half as much as buying name-brand drugs.Ageneric drugs cost half as much as buying name-brand drugsBbuying generic drugs costs half as much as name-brand drugsCgeneric drugs cost half as much as name-brand drugsDbuying generic drugs cost half as much as buying name-brand drugsEto buy generic drugs costs half as much as buying name-brand drugs