共用题干第一篇The Relationship between IQ and Being a VegetarianA Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians (素食主义者）by 30 had recor-ded five IQ points higher on average at the age of]U.Researchers said it could explain why people with a higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity（肥胖）rates.The study of 8,179 people was reported in the british Medical Journal.Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970,366 of the participants said they were vegetarians一 although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106,compared with 101 for non-vegetarians;while female vegetarians averaged 104,compared with 99 for non-vegetarians.There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class,but it remained statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.Vegetarians were more likely to be female,to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians.However,these differenIces were not reflected in their annual income,which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.Lead researcher Catharine Gale said,"The findings that children with greater intelligence are more likely to report being vegetarians as adults,together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on heart health,may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk ofcoronary heart disease in adult life."But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said, "It is like the chicken and egg."Dopcople become vegetarians because they have avery high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to bemore aware of health issues?What's the result of the research mentioned in the text?A:Intelligent children are more likely to become vegetarians later in life.B:Children with a higher IQ are less likely to have heart disease later in life.C:Intelligent children tend to belong to higher social class later in life.D:Children with a healthier heart tend to have a higher IQ later in life.

共用题干
第一篇

The Relationship between IQ and Being a Vegetarian

A Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians (素食主义者）by 30 had recor-
ded five IQ points higher on average at the age of]U.Researchers said it could explain why people with a
higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity（肥胖）rates.The
study of 8,179 people was reported in the british Medical Journal.
Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970,366 of the participants said they were vegetarians一
although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.
Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106,compared with 101 for non-vegetarians;while female
vegetarians averaged 104,compared with 99 for non-vegetarians.There was no difference in the IQ scores
between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.
Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class,but it remained
statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.
Vegetarians were more likely to be female,to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or
vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians.However,these differenIces were not reflected in their annual
income,which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.
Lead researcher Catharine Gale said,"The findings that children with greater intelligence are more likely to
report being vegetarians as adults,together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on
heart health,may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk of
coronary heart disease in adult life."
But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said, "It is like the chicken and egg."Do
pcople become vegetarians because they have avery high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to be
more aware of health issues?

What's the result of the research mentioned in the text?
A:Intelligent children are more likely to become vegetarians later in life.
B:Children with a higher IQ are less likely to have heart disease later in life.
C:Intelligent children tend to belong to higher social class later in life.
D:Children with a healthier heart tend to have a higher IQ later in life.

参考解析

解析：根据第一段第一句话“people who were vegetarians by 30 had ricorded five IQ points higher on average at the age of 10”可知聪明的孩子长大后更有可能成为素食主义者，因此A项正确。根据第一段第二句“it could explain why...”可知这一结果可帮助解释B项中的现象。但B项并非这次研究的结果。C、D选项并未在文中提及。因此该题正确答案为A。
根据第二段可知，他们本身就是素食主义者，而并不是二十年后才成为素食主义者。故A选项表述错误。根据第三段第二句“There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.”可知严格的素食主义者和那些吃鱼或者鸡的素食主义者的智力没有差别，故B项表述与原文一致。根据第五段可知素食主义者与非素食主义者的差别井未体现在年收入上，因此C项与D项均表述错误。据此分析该题正确答案为B。
浏览四个备选项可知该题主要考查素食主义者与非素食主义者的差别。通读全文可知第五段讨论的正是两者的差别。通读该段，可知A、B、D三个选项与原文表述一致，D选项中的professional是原文vocational的同义替换。C选项与原文表述不符。因此该题目正确答案为C。
根据题目中关键词Catharine Gale，可快速定位到第六段。通读该段可知Catharinc Gale 只是客观地讲述研究结果，并没有表示自己的立场。故D项objective（客观的）为正确答案。
文章最后一句的意思是：人们成为素食主义者是因为他们智商高还是因为他们足够聪明而更注意健康问题？由此可见Dr Frankie Phillip。认为素食和高智商的因果关系尚末明确，就像弄不清楚是因为有蛋才有鸡，还是因为有鸡才有蛋一样。故C项为该题正确答案。第二篇本文的主要内容是：要了解大自然知何回应气候变化需要监侧生命周期中的关健事件——开花、长叶、春天的第一阵蛙鸣——在世界范围内。但是数量有限的科学家的足连不可能遍及天下，为了广泛收集数据以研究动植物随着气候变化会如何反应，科学家正求助于“公民科学家”。

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共用题干Staying Active in Old Age Keeps People MobilePeople over 70 who aren't active are more likely to develop problems walking or climbing stairs within a few years,according to a new study.These findings suggest that it's very important to stay________(1)in old age, study author Dr. Marjolein Visser told Reuters Health."Physical activity in old age is as important_________(2)taking your medications （药物）,"Visser noted. "You do not need to join an expensive,fancy sports club with high-tech（高科技的）equipment. Your body will already_______ ( 3 ) from regularwalking."Visser , a Dutch（荷兰的）scholar, explained that________ ( 4 ) active helps prevent people from becoming breathless during simple activities,increase muscle mass and strength,and maintain the balance people need to walk up stairs,for instance.To investigate how important exercise is to older adults,Visser's team interviewed 3,075 men and_________(5)between the ages of 70 and 79,all of whom said they had no problems walking one-quarter of a mile or climbing_________(6).The investigators followed the subjects for 4 1 /2 years,noting who developed problems________(7)and climbing stairs.During the study,34 percent of men and 47________(8)of women said they began to struggle with walking and climbing stairs.People________(9)were inactive were twice as likely to report these problems as people who said they got regular exercise.People who didn't exercise but had active lifestyles appeared to be at a somewhat higher risk of developing__________(10)walking and climbing stairs,relative to people who exercised__________(11).Still,leading an active lifestyle appeared to protect people___________(12)problems better than being generally inactive,the researchers report in the Journal of the American Geriatrics（老年医学）Society.Among people who were inactive,__________(13)who walked even a little bit-such as brisk（轻快的）walking for a little over an hour per week-were at a lower________(14) of mobility（可动性）problems."If you do not like to exercise or you cannot exercise__________(15)of serious health problems or functional limitations,do try to be as active as possible,"Visser advised._________(4) A:looking B:appearing C:seeming D:staying

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共用题干College Night Owls Have Lower GradesCollege students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls（晚睡的人）,according to University of North Texas researchers.They had 824 undergraduate（大学本科生的）students complete a health survey that includ-ed questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning,and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages(GPAs)than those who are night people."The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding,sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future,along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep,"study co-author Daniel J.Taylor said in a prepared statement."Further,these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy（时间疗法）to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types,"Taylor said.The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP,the annual meeting of the As-sociated Professional（专业的）Sleep Societies ,in Baltimore.In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting,University of Colorado researchers found a significant association between insomnia（失眠）and a decline in college students' aca-demic performance.The study included 64 psychology,nursing and medical students,average age 27 .4 years,who were divided into two groups-low GPAs and high GPAs.Among those with low GPAs,69 .7 percent had trouble falling asleep,53 .1 percent experi- enced leg kicks or twitches（痉挛）at night,65. 6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep,and 72 .7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day."In college、students,the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom,"study author Dr. James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement."This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student's academic performance,including GPAs." In the first study,students who stay up late______.A: had lower GPAsB: had higher GPAsC: performed equally well in their studiesD: had little difficulty concentrating.during the day

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共用题干Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at BayStaying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill,new study findings suggest.In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus,researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill.The findings,published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,build on evidence that a"positive emotional style"can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses.Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat or runny nose?"People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,"explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh."And when they do get a cold,they may interpret their illness as being less severe."Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold,but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.For the new study,the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits,self-perceived health and emotional"style".Those who tended to be happy,energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style,while those who were often unhappy,tense and hostile had a negative style.The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.Over the next six days,the volunteers reported on any aches,pains,sneezing or congestion they had,while the researchers collected objective data,like daily mucus production.Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes,happy people were less likely to develop a cold.Researchers believed that people who were happy, energetic and easy一going had stronger immune function.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

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共用题干Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at BayStaying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill,new study findings suggest.In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus,researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill.The findings,published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,build on evidence that a"positive emotional style"can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses.Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat or runny nose?"People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,"explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh."And when they do get a cold,they may interpret their illness as being less severe."Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold,but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.For the new study,the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits,self-perceived health and emotional"style".Those who tended to be happy,energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style,while those who were often unhappy,tense and hostile had a negative style.The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.Over the next six days,the volunteers reported on any aches,pains,sneezing or congestion they had,while the researchers collected objective data,like daily mucus production.Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes,happy people were less likely to develop a cold.People with a sunny disposition are immune to illness.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

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共用题干SleepingPeople who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死亡率）.Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital forhealth and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves any long-term harm."Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San Diego.Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept for less than five hours.Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration （持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now." All the participants were from the state of California.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

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共用题干SleepingPeople who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死亡率）.Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital forhealth and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves any long-term harm."Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San Diego.Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept for less than five hours.Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration （持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now." The study was the first to tell the difference between 7 and 8 hours of sleep a night.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

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共用题干第一篇The Relationship between IQ and Being a VegetarianA Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians (素食主义者）by 30 had recor-ded five IQ points higher on average at the age of]U.Researchers said it could explain why people with a higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity（肥胖）rates.The study of 8,179 people was reported in the british Medical Journal.Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970,366 of the participants said they were vegetarians一 although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106,compared with 101 for non-vegetarians;while female vegetarians averaged 104,compared with 99 for non-vegetarians.There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class,but it remained statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.Vegetarians were more likely to be female,to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians.However,these differenIces were not reflected in their annual income,which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.Lead researcher Catharine Gale said,"The findings that children with greater intelligence are more likely to report being vegetarians as adults,together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on heart health,may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk ofcoronary heart disease in adult life."But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said, "It is like the chicken and egg."Dopcople become vegetarians because they have avery high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to bemore aware of health issues?Catharine Gale talked about"being vegetarians"in a(n) ___________way.A:doubtfulB:favorableC:negativeD:objective

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共用题干第一篇The Relationship between IQ and Being a VegetarianA Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians (素食主义者）by 30 had recor-ded five IQ points higher on average at the age of]U.Researchers said it could explain why people with a higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity（肥胖）rates.The study of 8,179 people was reported in the british Medical Journal.Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970,366 of the participants said they were vegetarians一 although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106,compared with 101 for non-vegetarians;while female vegetarians averaged 104,compared with 99 for non-vegetarians.There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class,but it remained statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.Vegetarians were more likely to be female,to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians.However,these differenIces were not reflected in their annual income,which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.Lead researcher Catharine Gale said,"The findings that children with greater intelligence are more likely to report being vegetarians as adults,together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on heart health,may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk ofcoronary heart disease in adult life."But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said, "It is like the chicken and egg."Dopcople become vegetarians because they have avery high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to bemore aware of health issues?What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A:Intelligence is linked to not just being a vegetarian but many factors.B:The rate of getting heart disease is linked to your lifestyle.C:The link between a high IQ and being a vegetarian is still uncertain.D:The link between a healthy heart and diet remains to be proved.

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共用题干第一篇The Relationship between IQ and Being a VegetarianA Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians (素食主义者）by 30 had recor-ded five IQ points higher on average at the age of]U.Researchers said it could explain why people with a higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity（肥胖）rates.The study of 8,179 people was reported in the british Medical Journal.Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970,366 of the participants said they were vegetarians一 although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106,compared with 101 for non-vegetarians;while female vegetarians averaged 104,compared with 99 for non-vegetarians.There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class,but it remained statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.Vegetarians were more likely to be female,to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians.However,these differenIces were not reflected in their annual income,which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.Lead researcher Catharine Gale said,"The findings that children with greater intelligence are more likely to report being vegetarians as adults,together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on heart health,may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk ofcoronary heart disease in adult life."But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said, "It is like the chicken and egg."Dopcople become vegetarians because they have avery high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to bemore aware of health issues?It was found in the research that______________.A:most of the participants became vegetarians 20 years after the IQ tests were carried out B:vegetarians who ate fish or chicken were of similar intelligence with strict vegetariansC:female vegetarians were more likely to have higher annual income than non-vegetariansD:vegetarians were more likely to have higher annual income than non-vegetarians

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共用题干第一篇The Relationship between IQ and Being a VegetarianA Southampton University team found that people who were vegetarians (素食主义者）by 30 had recor-ded five IQ points higher on average at the age of]U.Researchers said it could explain why people with a higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity（肥胖）rates.The study of 8,179 people was reported in the british Medical Journal.Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970,366 of the participants said they were vegetarians一 although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106,compared with 101 for non-vegetarians;while female vegetarians averaged 104,compared with 99 for non-vegetarians.There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.Researchers said the findings were partly related to better education and higher class,but it remained statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.Vegetarians were more likely to be female,to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians.However,these differenIces were not reflected in their annual income,which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.Lead researcher Catharine Gale said,"The findings that children with greater intelligence are more likely to report being vegetarians as adults,together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on heart health,may help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk ofcoronary heart disease in adult life."But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said, "It is like the chicken and egg."Dopcople become vegetarians because they have avery high IQ or is it just that they are clever enough to bemore aware of health issues?Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A:Vegetarians are more likely to have higher social class than non-vegetarians.B:Vegetarians are more likely to have higher academic qualifications than non-vegetarians,C:There are more female non-vegetarians than female vegetarians.D:Vegetarians are more likely to have higher professional qualifications than non-vegetarians.

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