共用题干第二篇Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists （生态学家）can' t be everywhere so they' re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of c1imat。 ehang, across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe "very specificresearch interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc. and send their observations to a giant database （数据库）to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phonology Network."Phenology"is what scientists eni1 the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life eyele data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every- one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website."People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how p'ants and communities（生物群落）of plants and animals will re- spond as the climate changes."What are citizen scientists asked to do?A:To develop a specific research interest and become professional scientists.B:To send their research observations to a professional database.C:To increase their knowledge about climate change.D:To keep a record of their research observations.
共用题干
第二篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
（生态学家）can' t be everywhere so they' re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists,
for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of c1imat。 ehang,
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe "very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc. and send their observations to a giant database
（数据库）to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large
amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping
large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.All
that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phonology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists eni1 the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing every year. The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life eyele data on a variety
of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their
neighborhood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,
we'll be able to make an estimate of how p'ants and communities（生物群落）of plants and animals will re-
spond as the climate changes."
第二篇
Citizen Scientists
Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一
flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists
（生态学家）can' t be everywhere so they' re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists,
for help.
Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not
enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of c1imat。 ehang,
across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe "very specific
research interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc. and send their observations to a giant database
（数据库）to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large
amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping
large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.All
that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.
A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phonology
Network."Phenology"is what scientists eni1 the study of the timing of events in nature.
One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant
flowering and leafing every year. The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life eyele data on a variety
of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every-
one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website.
"People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their
neighborhood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,
we'll be able to make an estimate of how p'ants and communities（生物群落）of plants and animals will re-
spond as the climate changes."
What are citizen scientists asked to do?
A:To develop a specific research interest and become professional scientists.
B:To send their research observations to a professional database.
C:To increase their knowledge about climate change.
D:To keep a record of their research observations.
A:To develop a specific research interest and become professional scientists.
B:To send their research observations to a professional database.
C:To increase their knowledge about climate change.
D:To keep a record of their research observations.
参考解析
解析：由第二段可知，科学家是在请普通公民观察气候变化的某些迹象并将数据传到指定网址上，故选Co
由第二段第三句“…encourages ordinary people to observe a very spccific research interesl—…send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists."可知应选B。
仔细看该词所在句的前一句“Much like citizen journalists.., citizen scientists are ready for...”可知，one指one of citizen scientists。所以正确答案为B。
文章倒数第二段提到“People participating in the project一which ie open to everyone"，山 此可知这个计划向所有人开放，因此A为本题答案。
文章第一句“Understanding how nature responds to climate change"和文章最后一句“…to make an estimatc of how planu and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”都给出了研究的目的，所以D为正确答案。第三篇 本文主要介绍了撒哈扛沙漠的地理位置、气候权况、农业和交通运输状况
由第二段第三句“…encourages ordinary people to observe a very spccific research interesl—…send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists."可知应选B。
仔细看该词所在句的前一句“Much like citizen journalists.., citizen scientists are ready for...”可知，one指one of citizen scientists。所以正确答案为B。
文章倒数第二段提到“People participating in the project一which ie open to everyone"，山 此可知这个计划向所有人开放，因此A为本题答案。
文章第一句“Understanding how nature responds to climate change"和文章最后一句“…to make an estimatc of how planu and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”都给出了研究的目的，所以D为正确答案。第三篇 本文主要介绍了撒哈扛沙漠的地理位置、气候权况、农业和交通运输状况
相关考题：
Which of the following statements is correct?A．The definition phase results in the Software Requirements Specification.B．Testing is optional in software life cycle.C．CASE tools can only aid in the design phase of a software life cycle.D．A change during a later phase does not require the documentation of all earlier phases to be updated.
共用题干第三篇Only special plants can survive in the terrible climate of a desert,for these are regions where the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75℃.Furthermore,during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plants from the sun's ray.Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds which drive small-sharp particles of sand into the plants,tearing and damaging them.The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life,however,is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring.Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long, hot,dry season in the form of seeds.These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls.If no rain falls,or if insufficient rain falls,they wait until the next year,or even still the next.Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short.By the time that the water from the spring rains disappears—ust a few weeks after it falls一such plants no longer need any.The perennials（多年生植物）have special features which enable them to survive as plants for several years. Thus,nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground.The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in a short time.The small shoot system,on the other hand,considerably limits water loss by evaporation（蒸发）.Another feature of many desert perennials is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long,dry season,just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter. This reduces their water loss by evaporation during the dry season.Then,in the next rainy season,they come fully alive once more,and grow new branches,leaves and flowers,just as the grasses and flowers in desert do.We can learn from the passage that the shoot system of the perennials_________.A:can help the perennials absorb less of the sun's rayB:decides the appearance of the perennials in desertC:limits the function of the perennials' branchesD:may prevent the perennials from losing much water
共用题干Lakes,Too,Feel Global WarmingThere's no doubt:In the last few decades,the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years.Around the world,people are starting to measure the effects of global warming一 and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world,and they found that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009,satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the sur- faces of 167 lakes.During those 24 years,the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degreeCelsius per year.In some places,lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate,a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years.That difference may seem small一you might not even notice it in your bath.But in a lake,slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae（水藻）,and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.The study shows that in some regions,lakes are warming faster than the air around them.This is impor- tant because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well,scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.That's going to be useful,since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change.Scientists aren't the only ones concerned.Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it,especially by reducing theamount of greenhouse（温室）gases we put into the air.That's why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change,or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets,and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.UNFCCC's annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Lakes,Too,Feel Global WarmingThere's no doubt:In the last few decades,the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years.Around the world,people are starting to measure the effects of global warming一 and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world,and they found that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009,satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the sur- faces of 167 lakes.During those 24 years,the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degreeCelsius per year.In some places,lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate,a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years.That difference may seem small一you might not even notice it in your bath.But in a lake,slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae（水藻）,and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.The study shows that in some regions,lakes are warming faster than the air around them.This is impor- tant because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well,scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.That's going to be useful,since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change.Scientists aren't the only ones concerned.Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it,especially by reducing theamount of greenhouse（温室）gases we put into the air.That's why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change,or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets,and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and 2009.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Lakes,Too,Feel Global WarmingThere's no doubt:In the last few decades,the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years.Around the world,people are starting to measure the effects of global warming一 and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world,and they found that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009,satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the sur- faces of 167 lakes.During those 24 years,the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degreeCelsius per year.In some places,lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate,a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years.That difference may seem small一you might not even notice it in your bath.But in a lake,slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae（水藻）,and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.The study shows that in some regions,lakes are warming faster than the air around them.This is impor- tant because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well,scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.That's going to be useful,since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change.Scientists aren't the only ones concerned.Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it,especially by reducing theamount of greenhouse（温室）gases we put into the air.That's why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change,or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets,and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.Lakes seem to be warming faster in Asia.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干第一篇Is Global Warming Good for Farming?You might think a little global warming is good for farming. Longer,warmer growing seasonsand more carbon dioxide(CO2）一what plant wouldn't love that?The agricultural industry basically agrees on that. But global warming's effects on agriculture would actually be quite complicated一and mostly not for the better.It's true that some crops will prosper on a warmer planet,but the key word there is"some."According to a government report,higher CO2 levels and longer growing seasons will increase yields for fruit growers in the Great Lakes region.But many major American crops already use CO2 so efficiently that more of it probably won't make much difference to them.What will make a difference are all the other things we'll have more or as temperatures rise一namely droughts（干旱）,bugs and big storms. More droughts mean lower crop yields. Melting snow in the Western US will increase water availability in spring but decrease it in summer,forcing farmers to change cropping practices.As insects that eat crops adapt their migration patterns to our warmer climate,farmers will have to either use more insecticide or plant hardier crops.Farmers on both coasts are already starting to reap some of what the nation's fossil-fuel addiction has sown.Crops in those regions require a certain number of colder days or"winter chill"before they break dormancy（冬眠）and begin flowering. Too few cold days breaks the plants' flowering schedule which in turn affects pollination（授粉）and hurts yield.So,given how much is at stake for them,how are farm states working to shape climate legislation?In response to agricultural demands,the Waxman-Markey bill frees the agricultural industry from CO2 emission limits and gives up control over what activities guarantee carbon offset credit to the Agricultural Department.Some farmers一and some farm state congressional leaders一have argued that because plants convert CO2 into oxygen,agricultural lands store more CO2 than they emit. This is only theoretically true.What we can say with certainty is that,like most big industries,farming is fossil-fuel intensive一large quantities of CO2 are emitted from farm equipment such as irrigation pumps and tractors.What is the result of"the nation's fossil-fuel addiction"on both coasts?A:Plants yield decreases due to shortened winter chill.B:Plants yield without dormancy and flowering.C:Crops require longer winter chill than before.D:The yields are no longer influenced by the climate.
共用题干第一篇Is Global Warming Good for Farming?You might think a little global warming is good for farming. Longer,warmer growing seasonsand more carbon dioxide(CO2）一what plant wouldn't love that?The agricultural industry basically agrees on that. But global warming's effects on agriculture would actually be quite complicated一and mostly not for the better.It's true that some crops will prosper on a warmer planet,but the key word there is"some."According to a government report,higher CO2 levels and longer growing seasons will increase yields for fruit growers in the Great Lakes region.But many major American crops already use CO2 so efficiently that more of it probably won't make much difference to them.What will make a difference are all the other things we'll have more or as temperatures rise一namely droughts（干旱）,bugs and big storms. More droughts mean lower crop yields. Melting snow in the Western US will increase water availability in spring but decrease it in summer,forcing farmers to change cropping practices.As insects that eat crops adapt their migration patterns to our warmer climate,farmers will have to either use more insecticide or plant hardier crops.Farmers on both coasts are already starting to reap some of what the nation's fossil-fuel addiction has sown.Crops in those regions require a certain number of colder days or"winter chill"before they break dormancy（冬眠）and begin flowering. Too few cold days breaks the plants' flowering schedule which in turn affects pollination（授粉）and hurts yield.So,given how much is at stake for them,how are farm states working to shape climate legislation?In response to agricultural demands,the Waxman-Markey bill frees the agricultural industry from CO2 emission limits and gives up control over what activities guarantee carbon offset credit to the Agricultural Department.Some farmers一and some farm state congressional leaders一have argued that because plants convert CO2 into oxygen,agricultural lands store more CO2 than they emit. This is only theoretically true.What we can say with certainty is that,like most big industries,farming is fossil-fuel intensive一large quantities of CO2 are emitted from farm equipment such as irrigation pumps and tractors.Under the influence of global warming the yields of American crops will_______.A:be greatly enhancedB:be certainly reducedC:still remain stableD:be hard to predict
共用题干第三篇Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一 flowering,the appearance of leaves and the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specificresearch interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live in.All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send them in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology Network."Phenology"is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing eveiy year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every- one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website."People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighbor- hood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect these data,we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climatechanges."In"All that's needed to become one…（Paragraph 2)",what does the word"one"stand for?A:A citizen journalist.B:A citizen scientist?C:A scientist.D:A citizen.
共用题干第一篇An Expensive MistakeIs there water on the planet Mars? Is there life on Mars?Was there ever life on Mars?Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answers to tliese questions.They built a spacecraft to travel around Mars and get informnation.The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate orbiter.The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars iii December 1998.The trip took nine and a half months.At first, everything was fine.However.when the Orbiter got near Mars,something terrible happened.The spacecraft didn't go to the right place.It went too close to Mars.it was too hot for the Orbiter there.The spacecraft couldn't function correctly.Suddenly,it stopped sending messages to NASA.The Orbiter was lost.How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists planned? Finally,they found the anlswer. Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter. One team was in England,and one teann was in the United States.There were many similarities in the way they worked,but there was one important difference:The teams used different guidelines for measuring things.The United States team used the metric systcnni（公制）.The oilier team used the English system.Because they used different systems,the scientists made a mathematical mistake.The Orbiter's orbit (the shape and pattern of its path)around Mars was not correct.The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong path.The Orbiter got too close amid too hot,and it stopped functioning.Why didn'tanybody see the mistake before it was too late?Many things contributed to the problem. One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same time.This was a challenge,and they were very tired from working long hours.The Mars Climate Orbiter cost $94 million to build.It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost Or- biter in space.In addition,NASA's research on the cause of the problem was very expensive.This wasn't the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects.However,the Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all!NASA built the Mars Climate Orbiter to get information about_______.A:the size of MarsB:possible life on MarsC:the shape of MarsD:the atmosphere of Mars
共用题干第三篇Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一 flowering,the appearance of leaves and the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specificresearch interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live in.All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send them in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology Network."Phenology"is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing eveiy year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every- one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website."People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighbor- hood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect these data,we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climatechanges."What are citizen scientists asked to do?A:To develop a specific research interest and become professional scientists.B:To send their research observations to a professional database.C:To increase their knowledge about climate change.D:To keep a record of their research observations.
共用题干An Expensive MistakeIs there water on the planet Mars?Is there life in Mars? Was there ever life on Mars? Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answers to these questions.They built a space-craft to travel around Mars and get information.The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate Orbiter.The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars in December 1998.The trip took nine and a half months.At first,everything was fine.However,when the Orbiter got near Mars,something terrible happened.The spacecraft didn't go to the right place.It went too close to Mars.It was too hot for the Orbiter there.The spacecraft couldn't function correctly.Suddenly,it stopped sending messages to NASA.The Orbiter was lost.How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists planned?Finally,they found the answer.Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter.One team was in England,and one team was in United States.There were many similarities in the way they worked,but there was one important difference:The teams used different guidelines for measuring things.The United States team used the metric system（公制）.The other team used the English system.Because they used different systems,the scientists made a mathematical mistake.The Orbiter's orbit(the shape and pattern of its path)around Mars was not correct.The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong path.The Orbiter got too close and too hot.And it stopped functioning.Why didn't anybody see the mistake before it was too late? Many things contributed to the problem.One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same time.This was a challenge,and they were very tired from working long hours.The Mars Climate Orbiter cost$94 million to build.It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost Orbiter in space.In addition,NASA's research on the cause of the problem was very expensive.This wasn't the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects.However,the Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all!NASA built the Mars Climate Orbiter to get information about______.A:possible life on MarsB:the size of MarsC:the shape of MarsD:the atmosphere of Mars
共用题干第三篇Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一 flowering,the appearance of leaves and the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specificresearch interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live in.All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send them in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology Network."Phenology"is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing eveiy year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every- one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website."People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighbor- hood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect these data,we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climatechanges."Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens for help because they need them_________.A:to provide their personal life cyclesB:to observe the life cycle of plantsC:to collect data of the life cycle of living thingsD:to teach children knowledge about climate change
共用题干第三篇Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一 flowering,the appearance of leaves and the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specificresearch interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live in.All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send them in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology Network."Phenology"is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing eveiy year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every- one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website."People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighbor- hood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect these data,we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climatechanges."What is the final purpose of Project BudBurst?A:To study when plants will have their first buds.B:To find out the types of plants in the neighborhood.C:To collect life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.D:To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.
共用题干第三篇Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一 flowering,the appearance of leaves and the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specificresearch interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live in.All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send them in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology Network."Phenology"is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing eveiy year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every- one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website."People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighbor- hood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect these data,we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climatechanges."What is NOT true of Project BudBurst?A:Only experts can participate in it.B:Everybody can participate in it.C:It collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants.D:It has its own website.
共用题干An Expensive MistakeIs there water on the planet Mars?Is there life in Mars? Was there ever life on Mars? Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answers to these questions.They built a space-craft to travel around Mars and get information.The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate Orbiter.The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars in December 1998.The trip took nine and a half months.At first,everything was fine.However,when the Orbiter got near Mars,something terrible happened.The spacecraft didn't go to the right place.It went too close to Mars.It was too hot for the Orbiter there.The spacecraft couldn't function correctly.Suddenly,it stopped sending messages to NASA.The Orbiter was lost.How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists planned?Finally,they found the answer.Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter.One team was in England,and one team was in United States.There were many similarities in the way they worked,but there was one important difference:The teams used different guidelines for measuring things.The United States team used the metric system（公制）.The other team used the English system.Because they used different systems,the scientists made a mathematical mistake.The Orbiter's orbit(the shape and pattern of its path)around Mars was not correct.The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong path.The Orbiter got too close and too hot.And it stopped functioning.Why didn't anybody see the mistake before it was too late? Many things contributed to the problem.One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same time.This was a challenge,and they were very tired from working long hours.The Mars Climate Orbiter cost$94 million to build.It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost Orbiter in space.In addition,NASA's research on the cause of the problem was very expensive.This wasn't the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects.However,the Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all!How long did it take the Orbiter to get close to Mars?A:One year.B:Less than one year.C:About two and a half year.D:More than three years.
共用题干Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events-flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring-all around the world.But ecologists can't be______(51)so they are turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.______(52)there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they are asking for your help in_______(53)signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages______(54)people to observe a very specific research interest-birds,trees,flowers budding,etc-and send their observations______(55)a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a______(56)amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.______(57)like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.______(58)that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and_______(59)it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year______(60) the NationalPhenology（生物气候学）Network."Phenology" is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists______(61)to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle______(62)on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project-which is______(63)to everyone-record their observations on the Project BudBurst website."People don't______(64)to be plant experts-they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,"says Jennifer Scheartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,we'11 be able to make an'estimate of______(65)plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes."_________63A:common B:suitable C:open D:strange
共用题干Lakes,Too,Feel Global WarmingThere's no doubt;In the last few decades,the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it hasbeen in hundreds of years,Around the world,people are starting to measure the effects of global warming一 and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world,and they found that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009,satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the sur- faces of 167 lakes.During those 24 years,the lakes got warmer一by an average of about 0.045 degreeCelsius per year.In some places,lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate,a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years?That difference may seem imull一you might not even notice it in your bath.But in a lake,slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae（水藻）,and algae can make the lake poisonous（有毒的）to fish.The study shows that in some regions,lakes are warming faster than the air around them.This is impor- tant because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming.By using lake temperatures as well,scientists can get a better picture of global warming.The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.That’s going to be useful,since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change.Scientists aren't the only ones concerned、 Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming ofthe planet.Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it,especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse（温室）gases we put into the air.That’s why the United Nations started the F'ramework Convention on Climate Change,or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets,and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming.A:Right B:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events-flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring-all around the world.But ecologists can't be______(51)so they are turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.______(52)there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they are asking for your help in_______(53)signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages______(54)people to observe a very specific research interest-birds,trees,flowers budding,etc-and send their observations______(55)a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a______(56)amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.______(57)like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.______(58)that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and_______(59)it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year______(60) the NationalPhenology（生物气候学）Network."Phenology" is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists______(61)to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle______(62)on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project-which is______(63)to everyone-record their observations on the Project BudBurst website."People don't______(64)to be plant experts-they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,"says Jennifer Scheartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,we'11 be able to make an'estimate of______(65)plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes."_________58A:All B:Any C:Some D:Most
共用题干Lakes,Too,Feel Global WarmingThere's no doubt;In the last few decades,the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it hasbeen in hundreds of years,Around the world,people are starting to measure the effects of global warming一 and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world,and they found that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009,satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the sur- faces of 167 lakes.During those 24 years,the lakes got warmer一by an average of about 0.045 degreeCelsius per year.In some places,lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate,a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years?That difference may seem imull一you might not even notice it in your bath.But in a lake,slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae（水藻）,and algae can make the lake poisonous（有毒的）to fish.The study shows that in some regions,lakes are warming faster than the air around them.This is impor- tant because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming.By using lake temperatures as well,scientists can get a better picture of global warming.The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.That’s going to be useful,since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change.Scientists aren't the only ones concerned、 Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming ofthe planet.Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it,especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse（温室）gases we put into the air.That’s why the United Nations started the F'ramework Convention on Climate Change,or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets,and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and 2009.A:Right B:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干第二篇Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists （生态学家）can' t be everywhere so they' re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of c1imat。 ehang, across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe "very specificresearch interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc. and send their observations to a giant database （数据库）to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phonology Network."Phenology"is what scientists eni1 the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life eyele data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every- one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website."People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how p'ants and communities（生物群落）of plants and animals will re- spond as the climate changes."Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens for help because they need them________________.A:to provide their personal life cyclesB:to observe the life cycle of plantsC:to collect data of the life cycle of living thingsD:to teach children knowledge about climate change
共用题干第二篇Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists （生态学家）can' t be everywhere so they' re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of c1imat。 ehang, across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe "very specificresearch interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc. and send their observations to a giant database （数据库）to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phonology Network."Phenology"is what scientists eni1 the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life eyele data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every- one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website."People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how p'ants and communities（生物群落）of plants and animals will re- spond as the climate changes."What is NOT true of Project BudBurst?A:Only experts can participate in it.B:Everybody can participate in it.C:It collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants.D:It has its own website.
共用题干第二篇Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists （生态学家）can' t be everywhere so they' re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of c1imat。 ehang, across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe "very specificresearch interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc. and send their observations to a giant database （数据库）to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phonology Network."Phenology"is what scientists eni1 the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life eyele data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every- one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website."People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how p'ants and communities（生物群落）of plants and animals will re- spond as the climate changes."In"All that's needed to become one…（Paragraph 2)",what does the word"one"stands for?A:A citizen journalist.B:A citizen scientist.C:A 5cientist.D:A citizen.
共用题干Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events-flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring-all around the world.But ecologists can't be______(51)so they are turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.______(52)there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they are asking for your help in_______(53)signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages______(54)people to observe a very specific research interest-birds,trees,flowers budding,etc-and send their observations______(55)a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a______(56)amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.______(57)like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.______(58)that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and_______(59)it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year______(60) the NationalPhenology（生物气候学）Network."Phenology" is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists______(61)to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle______(62)on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project-which is______(63)to everyone-record their observations on the Project BudBurst website."People don't______(64)to be plant experts-they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,"says Jennifer Scheartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data,we'11 be able to make an'estimate of______(65)plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes."_________65A:who B:how C:before D:since
共用题干第二篇Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一flowering,the appearance of leaves,the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists （生态学家）can' t be everywhere so they' re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of c1imat。 ehang, across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe "very specificresearch interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc. and send their observations to a giant database （数据库）to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live.All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phonology Network."Phenology"is what scientists eni1 the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life eyele data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every- one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website."People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how p'ants and communities（生物群落）of plants and animals will re- spond as the climate changes."What is the final purpose of Project BudBurst?A:To study when plants will have their first buds.B:To find out the types of plants in the neighborhood.C:To collect life cycle data on"variety of common plants from across the United States.D:To investigate how plants and animalsw lll respond as the climate changes.
单选题Does everyone in your office always agree all the time？ When someone makes a suggestion， does everyone just smile and nod in agreement？ When you bring forward an idea， do people just accept t？ Well， if you answered yes" to any of these questions， you are in an extremely unusual workplace. People are people. And people butt heads.They disagree， they argue， and they fight. You can’t get around it. But you can learn to deal with it To hold your own， you need to learn how to argue effectively. If you’ve got an opinion， you need to defend it. And if you have a problem with something a colleague has done， you need to let tem know. This can make for some difficult discussions and meetings， but this is just a part of life and business skills. So how can you argue effectively？ Well， you need several.（）From the first paragraph we can know that in the office.ApeoplesometimesargueBpeoplealwaysagreeCpeoplealwaysgetaroundit
单选题The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows _____.Abow much pressure you are underBhow positive events can change your lifeChow stressful a major event can beDhow you can deal with life changing events
单选题The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following?ADescribing the life cycle of the Plasmodium protozoan as it relates to the disease malariaBComparing and contrasting the life cycles of the six variants of the Plasmodium protozoan known to cause malariaCAddressing the public health implications of the life cycle of the Plasmodium parasiteDProviding information on how a person can avoid infection with malariaEDescribing the life cycle of the Anopheles mosquito as it relates to the transmission of the Plasmodium protozoan to humans