问答题Practice 5 The popular view when discussing urban transportation in American cities today is to decry its sorry state. Newspaper and journals are filled with talk of “urban transportation crisis,” of the “difficulties of getting from here to there,” and so on at great length. Matters are reported to get worse and very quickly. Everyone has his own favorite traumatic experience to report: of the occasion when many of the switches froze on New York’s commuter railroad; of the sneak snowstorm in Boston that converted thirty-minute commuter trips into seven hour ordeals; of the extreme difficulties in Chicago and other Midwestern cities when some particularly heavy and successive snowstorms were endured. One reason for the talk of an urban transportation crisis in the United States today perhaps lies in a failure to meet anticipations. Many commuters expected to reduce their commuting times as systems improved, but instead found themselves barely able to maintain the status quo in terms of time requirements. Another reason for talk of crisis, almost certainly, is the rate of improvement in the performance of urban transportation systems during rush hours has been markedly inferior to that expected during off-peak hours. Specifically, the ability to move quickly about American Cities during non-rush hours has improved in a truly phenomenal fashion.
问答题
Practice 5 The popular view when discussing urban transportation in American cities today is to decry its sorry state. Newspaper and journals are filled with talk of “urban transportation crisis,” of the “difficulties of getting from here to there,” and so on at great length. Matters are reported to get worse and very quickly. Everyone has his own favorite traumatic experience to report: of the occasion when many of the switches froze on New York’s commuter railroad; of the sneak snowstorm in Boston that converted thirty-minute commuter trips into seven hour ordeals; of the extreme difficulties in Chicago and other Midwestern cities when some particularly heavy and successive snowstorms were endured. One reason for the talk of an urban transportation crisis in the United States today perhaps lies in a failure to meet anticipations. Many commuters expected to reduce their commuting times as systems improved, but instead found themselves barely able to maintain the status quo in terms of time requirements. Another reason for talk of crisis, almost certainly, is the rate of improvement in the performance of urban transportation systems during rush hours has been markedly inferior to that expected during off-peak hours. Specifically, the ability to move quickly about American Cities during non-rush hours has improved in a truly phenomenal fashion.
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INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION Transportation plays an important part in international business because goods produced have to be delivered to the buyers abroad, and the delivery of goods is to be made possible by transportayion services. Goods are carried by several means of transportation - on road or rail, by sea or air.And in recent years,combined transportation which is a road-sea-rail carriage has appeared. With the expansion of international trade, the container service has become popular. The use of containers provides a highly effective form. of transportation by road, rail and sea. Basically, about 98% of world trade is carried out by sea transportation.Besides transportation by sea, road, or rail, nowadays in order to speed up delivery, carriage by air has also become popular.1. Transportation plays an important part in international business because goods produced have to be sent to everywhere in the world.()2. Usually goods are carried by many ways of transportation.()3. In recent years, combined transportation which is a road-sea-rail carriage appeared.()4. With the expansion of international trade, the container service has become popular.()5. The use of containers gives a very helpful method of transportation by air.()
II．完型填空（共20分）Getting to places can sometimes be difficult，especially(特别) when you are going to a place for the (11) time．In big cities，many people take buses，trains or subways to get from (12 ) to another． Bu-ses are a popular (13) af transportation．lf you are using a bus，you need to know(14 ) bus to take and where you can get on． You (15) need to be able to(能够)read the timetable right， so you can take the right bus and (16 ) your place on time． At last，you need to know (17) to get off and (18 ) the driver the name of the station．In the countryside，transportation can be much simple．In some places，people get to school or work (19) boat．Some children ride in long boats on the river to get to school．In (20) places，students walk to school．( )11．A．firstB．secondC．tlurdD．fourth
It is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5,000 years ago in the food-producing communities of the Middle East． The cities of Sumeria, Egypt and the Indus Valley possessed a number of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban． The cities were very much larger and more densely populated than any previous settlement, and their function wasclearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages． In the cities the old patterns of kinship relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy of social classes based on the specialization oflabor． Moreover, the need to keep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic, and the increased sophistication of urban society gave a new impetus to artistic expression of every kind．When the basis of city life was established in Europe the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the Middle East, via the civilization of Greece and Rome． We can trace three main phases in the growth of the West European city． The first of these is the medieval phase which extends from the beginning of the 1 lth century A．D． to about 1,500 to the beginning of the 19th century． The third is the modern phase extending from the early 19th century to the present day．Every medieval city began as a small settlement, which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point． This would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold, a cathedral or a large church． In districts where travel and trade were well established, it might be a market, a river crossing, or a place where two or more trade routes met, in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is referred to as the nuclear settlement． There are many small towns in Europe where it is still possible to trace the outline of the original nuclear settlement． It is, of course,much more difficult to do this in the case if a large modern city which has grown to many times its original size．It is easier to locate its original nuclear settlement of a small town__________．A.because it began as a small settlementB.because it is less developedC.because of its small sizeD.because of its location
It is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5,000 years ago in the food-producing communities of the Middle East． The cities of Sumeria, Egypt and the Indus Valley possessed a number of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban． The cities were very much larger and more densely populated than any previous settlement, and their function wasclearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages． In the cities the old patterns of kinship relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy of social classes based on the specialization oflabor． Moreover, the need to keep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic, and the increased sophistication of urban society gave a new impetus to artistic expression of every kind．When the basis of city life was established in Europe the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the Middle East, via the civilization of Greece and Rome． We can trace three main phases in the growth of the West European city． The first of these is the medieval phase which extends from the beginning of the 1 lth century A．D． to about 1,500 to the beginning of the 19th century． The third is the modern phase extending from the early 19th century to the present day．Every medieval city began as a small settlement, which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point． This would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold, a cathedral or a large church． In districts where travel and trade were well established, it might be a market, a river crossing, or a place where two or more trade routes met, in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is referred to as the nuclear settlement． There are many small towns in Europe where it is still possible to trace the outline of the original nuclear settlement． It is, of course,much more difficult to do this in the case if a large modern city which has grown to many times its original size．?Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?A.The Origin and Development of Cities．B.The Differences Between a Modern City and an Ancient City．C.The Functions of a City．D.The Characteristics of an Ancient City．
It is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5,000 years ago in the food-producing communities of the Middle East． The cities of Sumeria, Egypt and the Indus Valley possessed a number of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban． The cities were very much larger and more densely populated than any previous settlement, and their function wasclearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages． In the cities the old patterns of kinship relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy of social classes based on the specialization oflabor． Moreover, the need to keep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic, and the increased sophistication of urban society gave a new impetus to artistic expression of every kind．When the basis of city life was established in Europe the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the Middle East, via the civilization of Greece and Rome． We can trace three main phases in the growth of the West European city． The first of these is the medieval phase which extends from the beginning of the 1 lth century A．D． to about 1,500 to the beginning of the 19th century． The third is the modern phase extending from the early 19th century to the present day．Every medieval city began as a small settlement, which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point． This would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold, a cathedral or a large church． In districts where travel and trade were well established, it might be a market, a river crossing, or a place where two or more trade routes met, in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is referred to as the nuclear settlement． There are many small towns in Europe where it is still possible to trace the outline of the original nuclear settlement． It is, of course,much more difficult to do this in the case if a large modern city which has grown to many times its original size．?Which of the following could be regarded as a geographical focal point?A.A local restaurant．B.A town hall．C.A local theatre．D.An open market．
It is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5,000 years ago in the food-producing communities of the Middle East． The cities of Sumeria, Egypt and the Indus Valley possessed a number of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban． The cities were very much larger and more densely populated than any previous settlement, and their function wasclearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages． In the cities the old patterns of kinship relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy of social classes based on the specialization oflabor． Moreover, the need to keep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic, and the increased sophistication of urban society gave a new impetus to artistic expression of every kind．When the basis of city life was established in Europe the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the Middle East, via the civilization of Greece and Rome． We can trace three main phases in the growth of the West European city． The first of these is the medieval phase which extends from the beginning of the 1 lth century A．D． to about 1,500 to the beginning of the 19th century． The third is the modern phase extending from the early 19th century to the present day．Every medieval city began as a small settlement, which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point． This would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold, a cathedral or a large church． In districts where travel and trade were well established, it might be a market, a river crossing, or a place where two or more trade routes met, in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is referred to as the nuclear settlement． There are many small towns in Europe where it is still possible to trace the outline of the original nuclear settlement． It is, of course,much more difficult to do this in the case if a large modern city which has grown to many times its original size．?Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.West European cities established their own urban traditions．B.West European cities grew directly out of those in the Middle East．C.Cities appeared earlier in the Middle East cities went through the same phases．D.West European and Middle East cities went through the same phases．
In China, ____________ private cars is getting to be ____________ popular means of transportation.A.the; aB./; aC.the; theD./; the
共用题干Forests for CitiesYou are standing in a beautiful forest in Japan. The air is clean and smells like plants and flowers.There are 175 different kinds of trees,and 60 kinds of birds live here.______(1) You are downtown in the city of Nara,Japan,in Kasugayama Forest,the oldest urban forest in the world.It was started more than a thousand years ago,and today it's very popular with tourists and artists.Cities around the world are working to protect their urban forests. Some urban forests are parks,and some are just streets with a lot of trees.But all urban forests have many good effects on the environment.______(2)They also stop the noise from heavy traffic.They even make the weather better because they make the air 3-5 degrees cooler,and they stop strong winds. Urban forests also have many good effects on people. They make the city more beautiful. In a crowded area,they give people a place to relax and spend time in nature.______(3)In some countries,people are starting new urban forests. In England,there are now 1.3 million trees in an urban forest called Thames Chase,east of London. It was started in 1990, and it has grown very fast.Walking and bicycle clubs use the forest,and there are programs for children and artists.______(4)Some older cities don't have space for a big urban forest,but planting trees on the streets makes the city better. Scientists found that commuters（通勤人员）feel more relaxed when they can see trees.Trees are even good for business.______(5)In the future,urban forests will become even more important as our cities grow bigger. In the megacities（超大城 市）of tomorrow,people will need more green space to live a comfortable life. Planting trees today will make our lives better in the future.______(5)A: People spend more time at shopping centers that have trees.B: In hot countries,urban forests are cooi places for walking and other healthy exercises.C: But you are not in rural area.D: Trees take pollution out of the air.E: In 2033,it will have 5 million trees.F: It has many kinds of birds in the country.
共用题干Forests for CitiesYou are standing in a beautiful forest in Japan. The air is clean and smells like plants and flowers.There are 175 different kinds of trees,and 60 kinds of birds live here.______(1) You are downtown in the city of Nara,Japan,in Kasugayama Forest,the oldest urban forest in the world.It was started more than a thousand years ago,and today it's very popular with tourists and artists.Cities around the world are working to protect their urban forests. Some urban forests are parks,and some are just streets with a lot of trees.But all urban forests have many good effects on the environment.______(2)They also stop the noise from heavy traffic.They even make the weather better because they make the air 3-5 degrees cooler,and they stop strong winds. Urban forests also have many good effects on people. They make the city more beautiful. In a crowded area,they give people a place to relax and spend time in nature.______(3)In some countries,people are starting new urban forests. In England,there are now 1.3 million trees in an urban forest called Thames Chase,east of London. It was started in 1990, and it has grown very fast.Walking and bicycle clubs use the forest,and there are programs for children and artists.______(4)Some older cities don't have space for a big urban forest,but planting trees on the streets makes the city better. Scientists found that commuters（通勤人员）feel more relaxed when they can see trees.Trees are even good for business.______(5)In the future,urban forests will become even more important as our cities grow bigger. In the megacities（超大城 市）of tomorrow,people will need more green space to live a comfortable life. Planting trees today will make our lives better in the future.______(1)A: People spend more time at shopping centers that have trees.B: In hot countries,urban forests are cooi places for walking and other healthy exercises.C: But you are not in rural area.D: Trees take pollution out of the air.E: In 2033,it will have 5 million trees.F: It has many kinds of birds in the country.
共用题干Forests for CitiesYou are standing in a beautiful forest in Japan.The air is clean and it smells like plants and flowers. There are 175 different kinds of trees,and 60 kinds of birds living here._____________(46)You are down- town in the city of Nara,Japan,in Kasugayama Forest,the oldest urban forest in the world.It was started more than a thousand years ago,and today it's very popular with tourists and artists.Cities around the world are working to protect their urban forests.Some urban forests are parks,and some are just streets with a lot of trees.But all urban forests have many good effects on the environment. ___________(47)They also stop the noise from heavy traffic.They even make the weather better because they make the air 3-5 degrees cooler,and they stop strong winds.Urban forests also have many good effects on people.They make the city more beautiful. In a crowded area,they give people a place to relax and spend time in nature.___________(48)In some countries,people are starting new urban forests.In England,there are now 1.3 million trees in an urban forest called Thames Chase,east of London.It was started in 1990,and it has grown very fast. Walking and bicycle clubs use the forest,and there are programs for children and artists.___________(49) Some older cities don't have space for a big urban forest,but planting trees on the streets makes the city better. Scientists found that commuters（通勤人员）feel more relaxed when they can see trees. Trees are even good for business.___________(50)In the future,urban forests will become even more important as our cities grow bigger. In the megacities（超大城市）of tomorrow,people will need more green space to live a comfortable life.Planting trees today will make our lives better in the future._________(49)A: People spend more time at shopping centers that have trees.B:In hot countries, urban forests are cool places for walking and other healthy exercises.C:But you are not in rural area.D:Trees take pollution out of the air.E:In 2033,it will have 5 million trees.F: It has many kinds of birds in the country.
共用题干Urbanization and Its InfluenceOver half the world's people now live in cities.The latest"Global Report on Human Settlements"says a significant change took place last year. The report________(51)this week from U.N.Habitat,a United Nations agency.A century ago,________(52)than five percent of all people lived in cities.________(53) the middle of this century it could be seventy percent,or ________(54)six and a half billion people.Already three一fourths of people in________(55)countries live in cities.Now most urban population________(56)is in the developing world.Urbanization can lead to social and economic progress,but also put________(57)on cities to provide housing and________(58).The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move________(59)cities and towns each day.It says worsening inequalities,________(60)by social divisions and differences in________(61),could result in violence and crime unless cities plan better.Another issue is urban sprawl（无序扩展的城区）.This is where cities _________ (62) quickly into rural areas,sometimes________(63)a much faster rate than urban population growth.Sprawl is common in the United States. Americans move a lot.In a recent study,Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the________(64)cities to smaller ones.He sees a________(65)toward"de-urbanization"across the nation._________(62)A:expand B:invadeC:split D:enlarge
Our public transportation is not sufficient for the need of the people in our major cities.A:additional B:efficient C:excessive D:adequate
共用题干Urbanization and Its InfluenceOver half the world's people now live in cities.The latest"Global Report on Human Settlements"says a significant change took place last year. The report________(51)this week from U.N.Habitat,a United Nations agency.A century ago,________(52)than five percent of all people lived in cities.________(53) the middle of this century it could be seventy percent,or ________(54)six and a half billion people.Already three一fourths of people in________(55)countries live in cities.Now most urban population________(56)is in the developing world.Urbanization can lead to social and economic progress,but also put________(57)on cities to provide housing and________(58).The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move________(59)cities and towns each day.It says worsening inequalities,________(60)by social divisions and differences in________(61),could result in violence and crime unless cities plan better.Another issue is urban sprawl（无序扩展的城区）.This is where cities _________ (62) quickly into rural areas,sometimes________(63)a much faster rate than urban population growth.Sprawl is common in the United States. Americans move a lot.In a recent study,Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the________(64)cities to smaller ones.He sees a________(65)toward"de-urbanization"across the nation._________(54)A: really B: ever C: barely D: almost
Our public transportation is not sufficient for the need of the people in our major cities.A:additional B:efficient C:excessive D:adequate
In China, ______ private cars is gettingto be ______ popular means of transportation.A.the; a B./; a C.the; the D./; the
In Vietnam__________ motorcycle is __ popular means of transportation.A.the; a B.a; /C.the ; the D.a; the
In China,__________bicycle is__________popular means of transportation.A.the;aB.a;不填C.the;theD.a;the
We are sorry to find that the damage（）the goods was caused by heavy rain during transportation.A、onB、forC、aboutD、to
单选题The European online fashion business.Ahas gone through the most difficult timesBwas in a big boom some time agoClost support of all its stockholdersDmade much money from urban sportswear last year
单选题We are sorry to find that the damage（）the goods was caused by heavy rain during transportation.AonBforCaboutDto
问答题Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing no more than three words from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.The City of the Future What will city life be like in the future? Some people think that life in the cities is going to be horrible. They predict that cities will become more and more crowded. As the number of people increases, there will be less space for each person. This overcrowding will cause other problems—more crime, dirtier streets, and worse problems with traffic than we have now. How will people find enough drinking water, energy (such as gas and electricity), and housing? Because life will be hard, people who live in cities will worry more, and they may become sick. For these reasons, some say that nobody will want to live in urban areas. How can we solve such problems as overcrowding, crime, and traffic? In some cities, thousands of people are already sleeping in the streets because there is so little suitable housing—and because rents are so high. The crime rate isn’t going down. Instead, it is increasing so fast that many people are afraid to go out at night. Traffic is also getting worse. More and more often, traffic jams are so bad that cars don’t move at all for several blocks. These urban problems have been getting worse, not better, so many people see no hope for the future of the city. Los Angeles, California, for instance, has no subway system and the buses are slow. Instead, most commuters drive many miles from their homes to work. Many of these drivers spend several hours each day on busy freeways. New York, by contrast, has a mass transit system—buses, commuter trains, and subways. Because the public transportation is crowded and dirty, however, many people drive private cars, and the traffic jams are worse than in Los Angeles. On the other hand, some cities have clean, fast, and pleasant public transportation systems. In Paris, France, and Toronto, Canada, for example, anyone can use mass transit to move quickly from one part of the city to another. The disadvantages of any modern city are not unique to that city—that is, cities all over the world have to solve the problems of traffic jams, crime, housing, energy, drinking water, and overcrowding. Yet many cities have found answers to one or more of these difficulties. Some European cities, such as Stockholm, Sweden, or London, England, have planned communities that provide people with apartments, jobs, shopping centers, green space, entertainment, and transportation. Many U.S. cities are rebuilding their downtown areas. Urban planners can learn from one another. They can try solutions that have been successful in other parts of the world. Summary: Some people think that life in the cities is going to be horrible. They say that cities will become more and more crowded and many other problems will be caused by this 1 Due to the hard life, people do not want to live in 2 These urban problems such as overcrowding, crime and traffic have been getting worse, so many people 3 for the future of the city. However, these disadvantages of any modern city are not unique to that city. All the cities all over the world must solve the problems and fortunately, many of them have found answers to one or more of these difficulties. For example, 4 or London has planned communities providing people with apartments, jobs and so on. Besides, many U. S. cities 5 In a word, solutions that have been successful in a place should be adopted and tried in another place.
问答题练习2 The 2011 is a historic moment in Chinese urbanization process, when the urban population surpassed the rural population for the first time. During the next 20 years, it is estimated that about 350 million rural population will move to cities. Such large-scale of urbanization is both a challenge and an opportunity to the urban traffic. The Chinese government has always been advocating “people-oriented” developing concept, emphasizing that people should travel by buses instead of by private cars. It also calls for the construction of “resource saving and environment friendly” society. With this explicit goal, China can have a better-planned urbanization process, and therefore divert more investment to the development of safe, clean and economical transportation system.
单选题The European online fashion business __________.Ahas gone through the most difficult timesBwas in a big boom some time agoClost support of all its stockholdersDmade much money from urban sportswear last year
单选题The author cites bicycle here to depict that _____.Abicycle is preferred in the case of transportation in short distanceBbicycle is still popular even in rich countriesCbicycle can give better exercises to human’s bodies despite of some defectsDbicycle is more risky without protection equipment
问答题“THE JAZZ AGE” refers to the decade after World War I, when the nation became predominantly urban. It took its name from the rich and varied new popular music which was essentially a creation of the Negro in the city. Historians cannot agree on the origin of the word “jazz”: some say it is of African or Creole origin, and others say that it derived from the name of a musician. But there is no denying that this American form of music originated with Negroes in the first age of their migration to the city, and jazz flourished primarily because of the talent, energy, and imagination of Negroes in cities. In Europe, too, the years after World War I were an age of musical experiment. But jazz was a more democratic, more communal kind of experiment. For the old World saw developing novel forms of “art music”, of salon and concert-hall music.
单选题According to the passage, Los Angeles is a city where _____.Athere is no public transportation systemBmore money is spent on highways for carsCmore money is spent on public transportation systemsDpublic transportation is more developed than in other cities
单选题Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the first two paragraphs?ASome cities in Albania have completely solved the problem of urban wastes.BThere is lack of an adequate system for the collection and transportation of solid waste.CThe country has not elaborated a strategy on urban solid waste.DThere is a continuous danger for the infection of drinking waters with sewage waters in some cities.