问答题Practice 3 The new assault on NAFTA rests on a single premise: ex- ports arc good, imports are bad. In economic terms, that’s non- sense: exporting doesn’t benefit Americans at all unless it allows them to consume more, which is what most imports arc for. As a political proposition, though the claim that exports create jobs while imports kill them is an easy sell. That’s why the critics fell silent during NAFTA’s first year, 1994, as US plants ran over- time to meet Mexico’s clamor for Coors beer. The collapse of Mexico’s peso last December, though, has devastated Mexico’s economy. Interests rates arc twice last year’s level, leaving mil- lions of middle-class families swamped by car loans and credit- card bills. Consumer spending has dropped by nearly a fifth, and the weak pesos means US-produced goods cost twice what they used to. Last year’s $ 8.9 billion US trade surplus with Mexico turned into a $ 3 billion deficit in the first half of 1995, and NAFTA foes adroitly seized the opening.
问答题
Practice 3 The new assault on NAFTA rests on a single premise: ex- ports arc good, imports are bad. In economic terms, that’s non- sense: exporting doesn’t benefit Americans at all unless it allows them to consume more, which is what most imports arc for. As a political proposition, though the claim that exports create jobs while imports kill them is an easy sell. That’s why the critics fell silent during NAFTA’s first year, 1994, as US plants ran over- time to meet Mexico’s clamor for Coors beer. The collapse of Mexico’s peso last December, though, has devastated Mexico’s economy. Interests rates arc twice last year’s level, leaving mil- lions of middle-class families swamped by car loans and credit- card bills. Consumer spending has dropped by nearly a fifth, and the weak pesos means US-produced goods cost twice what they used to. Last year’s $ 8.9 billion US trade surplus with Mexico turned into a $ 3 billion deficit in the first half of 1995, and NAFTA foes adroitly seized the opening.
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Text 3 The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all.What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy.For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem,too.Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.According to the author,competition law___A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing market
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共用题干New Changes in American LifeOnce it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Menworked outside the home and earned the income to support their families,while women cooked themeals and took care of the home and the children._______(46)But by the middle of this century,men's and women's roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In the 1950s,economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the1960 s a new force developed called the counterculture._______(47)The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare,men began to sharechild-raising tasks with their wives. In fact,some young men and women moved to communalhomes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes._______(48)Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Viet-nam。In terms of numbers,the counterculture was not a very large group of people._______(49)Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns.Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on“overtime”work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families .Some doctors,lawyers,and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s,the feminist movement,or women's liberation,produced additional economic and social changes.Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers._______(50)But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work,banking,dentistry,and construction work.Women were asking for equal work,and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women .Naturally,there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations._______(49)A: In addition,many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier.B:Most of them still took traditional women's jobs as public school teaching,nursing,and secretarial work.C: These roles were firmly fixed for most people,and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles.D: But its influence spread to many parts of American society.E: The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals.F: A great many jobs that used to belong to men are now taken by women.
共用题干第二篇Technological Utopia for Developing CountriesCyberspace（网络空间）,data superhighways, multi-media, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives forever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia（乌托邦）,little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology,the West concerns itself with the"how to benefit".The question of"for whom"is put aside once again.Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy.Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries,and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade ex-change,interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods.The electronic economy made possible by information revolution.Technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets and with destructive impact on the have-nots.For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine.As "futures"（期货）are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies.So what are the options for regaining control?One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves一so-called"development communications"modernization.Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries' economies.Communications technology is generally exported from the U.S.,Europe or Japan.The patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries.Furthermore,when new technology is introduced,there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit native development.This means that while local elites,foreign communities and subsidiaries of transitional corporations may benefit,but not developing countries.The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may______.A:hinder their industrial productionB:cause them to lose control of their tradeC:force them to reduce their share of exportsD:cost them their economic independence
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Which of the following is not true of the European Union?（）AThe United States is also a member of the EU.BThe members of the EU cooperate in many areas,including politics and economics.CThe EU is a major economic unit.DThe combined value of the union.s imports and exports is greater than that of any single country in the world.
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Which statement accurately describes a benefit provided by VTP?（）A、VTP allows routing between VLANs.B、VTP allows a single port to carry information to more than one VLANC、VTP allows physically redundant links while preventing switching loops.D、VTP allows switches to share VLAN configuration information.
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Archive file format LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT is defined as arch_%s.arc. A week ago， you just archived arch_4.arch to tape， then removed all archived files to save disk space. Yesterday you saw arch_10.arc and arch_11.arc on the disk. Today， you see arch_3.arc in the archive directory. Which two could you happened？（）A、Redo logs were restored from tape for recovery. B、The file names are only used when they are copied to tape. C、The database was opened with the RESETLOGS option and log numbers restarted. D、Log names run in circular fashion; arch_3.arc is re-created by the ARCn process. E、A file name is randomly chosen by the archive process; as long as it is unique, it does not have to be sequential.
单选题Which of the following is not true of the European Union?（）AThe United States is also a member of the EU.BThe members of the EU cooperate in many areas,including politics and economics.CThe EU is a major economic unit.DThe combined value of the union.s imports and exports is greater than that of any single country in the world.
问答题Practice 2 The news couldn’t be worse. Three years of recession or anemic economic growth, Argentina’s debt default and collapse and—more recently—Bolivia’s president run out of office by indigenous people fed up with his pro-business, pro-Washington agenda. Taken together, these trials have seemingly erased the promise of prosperity that wafted across the region a decade ago. Now there’s the specter of a return to the dark days of the 1970s and 80s when economic and political chaos were the norm. Social eruptions have prompted a wide-ranging and contentious reappraisal of the economic orthodoxy—the neoliberal model that has shaped policy in Latin America for the past 15 years. Market-oriented structural reforms have succeeded in a few crucial ways: they ended the ruinous era of hyperinflation, and inculcated a sense of fiscal responsibility among profligate governments. But belt-tightening has not led to the robust economic performance promised when reforms began. After enjoying encouraging GDP expansion in the early and mid-1990s, Latin America has stumbled through about five years of economic stagnation that have left the region’s have-nots in a surly mood. Latin America desperately wants increased access to markets in the United States and Europe, but the region doesn’t want to pursue trade deals on what it perceives to be unfair terms. (Newsweek)
问答题Passage 5 ● Look at these sentences and the five passages chosen from a booklet entitled “How Do I Get Into Export”. The book explains steps to successful exporting. ● Which clip does each sentence refer to? ● For each sentence, mark one letter A, B, C, D or E. ● You will need to use some of these letters more than once. Example He has developed his own company to promote his work. Answer: A 1. A long-term approach has to be taken in projecting how to crack the world market. 2. You can’t rush through this because the choice of the right agency can be crucial for most firms. 3. You are advised to spot a couple of target markets. 4. A self-assessment is required in this phase. 5. At this stage at least one on-the-spot survey has to be conducted in person to assess the local situation and establish distribution. 6. Bankers, accountants, and various agents are chief participants in your planning. 7. You have to get to know generally accepted customs and trade practices in international business. 8. This step requires a good market research concerning the various aspects of the prospective markets. A Commitment: Developing export markets can be costly in terms of time, money have the commitment required to make a success of export? Entering new markets and developing them usually takes considerable time and effort. You must take a long-term view. Consider how many resources and how long it takes to break into a new regional market in Australia. The time and cost can be multiplied several times when you are looking at an overseas market. B Finance: Breaking into any new markets requites considerable funds (airfares, accommodation, advertising, sales promotion, new brochures, training of overseas sales agent, etc.). Does your company have the financial strength to commit say $ 30,000 or more for the year or two it may take to develop a new overseas market? Discusses your plans with the International Department of your bank to ensure that all the financial aspects are covered and viable. Gain an understanding of international trade finance. Discuss costing-for-export with your accountant, and transport/packaging requirements with a customs agent or forwarding agent. C Become familiar with common terms used in international trade. The Australian Trade Com, mission (AUSTRADE) and the major trading banks have reference booklets. The Australian Institute of Export provides courses. D Select one or two likely markets and undertake desk research to identify their characteristics. Most first-time exporters start with New Zealand. Many are also interested in the USA, but that is an enormous and complex market. In making a detailed market study the following should be considered: ● whether the country selected already imports the product (import statistics will show how much and from where) ● what import duties the product would attract ● other barriers to imports, such as import licensing ● frequency and cost of shipping or airfreight between Australia and the market ● regulations, such as quarantine and labeling standards, consumer protection rules, and product standards ● whether cultural differences need to be taken into account. Read economic and social literature on the target market to understand its fundamental characteristics. E The desk research should have indicated the market with the most potential and you should now be in a good position to visit the target market. The main purpose of the visit will be to study its special characteristics, the opportunities/competition at first hand, seek a suitable agent or distributor, and jointly draw up an appropriate marketing plan to introduce and expand the sale of your product. These are all very important considerations, and more than one visit will probably be necessary. Choosing the right agent, for most Companies, is probably the single most important step. Do not rush this step.
问答题Practice 3 Energy-saving vehicles were part of the Green Transportation Festival in the US in 2003. The vehicles shown were designed to reduce America’s dependence on oil and help the environment. There are exhibits of cars and buses at the festivals. Most of them use little gas or use another kind of fuel such as natural gas. People are also urged to consider simpler ways of getting around, such as walking, biking and using public transportation systems. The United States has less than five per cent of the world’s population, but uses about twenty-five per cent of the world’s oil. More than half of the nation’s oil is imported. Most of it goes to transportation. Festival organizers said progress in technology was making it possible for Americans to reduce their dependence on oil. That is because the kinds of energy-saving vehicles are increasing. Efforts to reduce oil imports in the United States would also have important environmental benefits. The burning of oil as fuel is responsible for gases blamed for climate change. When gasoline is burned in cars, it also pollutes the air. This leads to many health problems.
问答题Practice 3 The new assault on NAFTA rests on a single premise: ex- ports arc good, imports are bad. In economic terms, that’s non- sense: exporting doesn’t benefit Americans at all unless it allows them to consume more, which is what most imports arc for. As a political proposition, though the claim that exports create jobs while imports kill them is an easy sell. That’s why the critics fell silent during NAFTA’s first year, 1994, as US plants ran over- time to meet Mexico’s clamor for Coors beer. The collapse of Mexico’s peso last December, though, has devastated Mexico’s economy. Interests rates arc twice last year’s level, leaving mil- lions of middle-class families swamped by car loans and credit- card bills. Consumer spending has dropped by nearly a fifth, and the weak pesos means US-produced goods cost twice what they used to. Last year’s $ 8.9 billion US trade surplus with Mexico turned into a $ 3 billion deficit in the first half of 1995, and NAFTA foes adroitly seized the opening.
单选题Which of the following is not true of Britain.s foreign trade?（）AThe value of Britain.s exports of goods usually exceeds the value of its imports.BThe value of Britain.s imports of goods usually exceeds the value of its exports.CManufactured goods now account for about 85%of British imports and about 80%of its exports.DMost of the United Kingdom.s trade is with other developed countries,especially other members of the European Union.
问答题Practice 4 The answer is, in a sense, all in our minds. For the last century, our society’s basic drive has been toward more—toward a bigger national economy, toward more stuff for each of us. And it’ s worked. Our economy is enormous; our houses are enormous. We are living large. All that more is created by using cheap energy and hence built on carbon dioxide (CO2)—which makes up 72% of all greenhouse gases. Some pollutants decrease as we get richer. But carbon dioxide consistency tracks economic growth. As Harvard economist Friedman concluded last year, CO2 is “the one major environmental contaminant for which no study has ever found any indication of improvement as living standards rise.” This means that if we’re going to cope with global warming, we may also have to cope with the end of infinite economic expansion. That sounds gloomy, but maybe not. New data suggest that we’ve been overstating the issue for many decades. We made an assumption that more was better. It seemed a reasonable thinking. But in recent years, economists, sociologists and other researchers have begun to question that link. Indeed, they’re finding that at least since the 1950’s, more material prosperity has yielded little increase in humans’ satisfaction.
问答题Practice 3 ● Your manager is considering whether to purchase or to rent a new company premise. He has asked you to write a report concerning this. ● Write a report for your manager, including the following information: ● what you know about the premise, ● why it is good for you to take the relevant action, ● how your company would benefit from it. ● Write 200-250 words.
问答题Practice 7 ● A new designer, Mary Watts, has just joined your company. ● Write a memo to all staff: ● Telling them who the new employee is; ● Saying what her responsibilities will be; ● Explaining where her office is located. ● Write about 30—40 words.
问答题Practice 1 ● You work for a large company. You are going to be transferred to another department within your company. ● Write an email to all staff: ● telling them which department you are moving to ● saying when you will be moving department ● explaining what your new responsibility will be. ● Write 40-50 words.