the course gives you basic 【instruction】 in maintenanceA. idea B. term C. aspect D. coaching
the course gives you basic 【instruction】 in maintenance
A. idea B. term C. aspect D. coaching
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共用题干Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye HealthEven people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline（基线）eye exams at age 40,says the American Academy of Ophthalmology(AAO)（美国眼科学会）.The reminder（提示）is part of the AAO's EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February.“Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs,”Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux,a clin-ical correspondent for the AAO,said in a prepared statement.“Gradual changes in vision can af-fect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities.”Based on the findings from the initial screening,an eye doctor will create a schedule for follow-up eye exams.People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or are at high risk due to family history, diabetes（糖尿病）or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should have their eyes checked,the AAO recommends .By 2020,43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eye diseases such as cata-racts（白内障）and glaucoma（青光眼）. That's a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases.But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk of vision loss.Only 23 percent of Amer- icans are very concerned about losing their vision,while most feel weight gain or joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss,according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign. Only the old men with diabetes or high blood pressure should consult with eye doctor.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
共用题干第二篇Natural MedicinesSince earliest days,humans have used some kinds of medicines.We know this because humans have survived.Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely.They were successful long before the time of modern medicine.Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny（发亮的）instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment.Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospi- tals.Yet injuries are treated.And diseases are often cured.How?By ancient methods.By medicines that might seem mysterious , even magical（有魔力的）.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical, however.Through the centuries, tribal（部族的）medicine men experimented with plants. They found many use- ful chemicals in the plants.And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today's most serious diseases.Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care.These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment.They are used because people trust them. In developed areas,few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store.Yet many wide- ly-used medicines are from ancient sources,especially plants.Some experts say more than 25% of modern medicines come,in one way or another,from nature.Scientists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory.All living things contain chemicals that help them survive.So scientists' interest in traditional medicine is not new.But it has become an ur-gent concern.This is because the earth's supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly. What do the majority of the people in the world use for health care?A:Strange and wonderful equipment.B:Factory-produced chemicals.C:Modern medicines.D:Plants.
共用题干Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alivetoday would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Becausemore people live longer,there are more people around at any given time. In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,some-body else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insur-ance,they must often“go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died. Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are of-ten profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply“dumping grounds”for the dying in which“care”is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.The writer believes that the population explosion results from______.A: an increase in birthratesB: the industrial developmentC: a decrease in death ratesD: cultural advances
共用题干Chimpanzees1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）will soon be extinct（灭绝）.If the present rate of hunting and habitat（栖息地）destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy（悲剧）.Chimpan-zee extinction may also have profound implications（含意）for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes（基因组）match by ovet 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority（优先）.But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.3 The chimpanzees' trump card（王牌）comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians（兽医）often refer to human medical text-books when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In parti-cular,chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases.It is this ability that is so interesting.4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has de-dlined because they are so resistant.5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration（改变）of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.Paragraph 4______A: Reasons for HIV ResistanceB: Implications of Chimpanzee Extinction for HumansC: Effective AIDS TreatmentD: Genetic Similarities Between Chimps and HumansE: Chimps'Resistance to HIVF: Genetic Differences Between Chimps and Humans
共用题干In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before,many people are being ________(51)to the idea of looking back into the past.One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history.They can try to_________(52)out more about where their families came from and what they did.This is now a fast-growing hobby,especially in countries with a ________(53)short history,like Australia and the United States.It is__________(54)thing to spend some time__________(55)through a book on family history and to take the_________(56)to investigate your own family's past.It is__________(57)another to carry out the research work successfully.It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and __________(58)yourself many problems which could have been_________(59)with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are_________(60)with a famous character,whether hero or criminal,do not let this idea take over your research.Just _________(61) it as an interesting possibility. A simple system_________(62)collecting and storing your information will be ad-equate to start with;a more complex one may only get in your_________(63).The most important thing,though,is to___________(64)started.Who knows what you__________(65)find?_________(63)A:track B:path C:road D:way
共用题干1.Flaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men,while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel,US researchers reported on Saturday in the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine.2.The studies reflect doctors' efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help.Americans spend between￥36 billion and￥47 billion a year on complementary and alternative therapies,according to the National Center for Health Statistics."Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm,"said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.3.In the flaxseed study,researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated the seed's role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer."The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed,"said Dr. Nancy Davidson,an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president-elect of ASCO."I think this is fascinating."Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids-and lignins,a fiber found on the seed coat."We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile,"said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried,a researcher in Duke's School of Nursing,who led the study.4.Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of fiaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days.Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet.After the surgery,the researchers looked at the men's tumor cells to see how quickly the cancer had multiplied.The cancer cells in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group.5.But Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed."It's a healthy food.It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we cannot definitively say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer,"she said,adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer.6.In the ginseng trial,Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester,Minnesota,and col-leagues tested three different doses of the herb on potency with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000-mg dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000-mg dose said their fatigue symptoms were"moderately better" or"much better."Only 10 percent of those taking a 750-mg dose reported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group.Patients in the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency.It was powdered and given in a capsule form."I wouldn't have predicted this,I have to admit,"Davidson said in an interview,"we might want to test this on a large scale."7.The flaxseed study was funded by the National institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by US Public Health Service grants.Doctors in the US wanted to know_______.A:that led the researchers in Duke's School of Nursing to study itB:by giving different doses of the herb to patientsC:whether the foods and supplements patients took every day were good or notD:though both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicinesE:that either of them is beneficial to cancer patientsF: because we still have to see if flaxseed can prevent prostate cancer
共用题干InterviewThe importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are reflected in several books that have been written on the topic .Most of these books,as well as sev-eral chapters,mainly in,but not limited to,journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts,stress the"how to"aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview,its context,and,implications. Much of the"how to"material is based on personal experiences and general impressions.As we know,in journalism as in other fields,much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice.Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is,as has been suggested,a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting,but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview it-self. On the other hand,many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written.Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Un-happily,this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons .First,it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar,at least in a positive manner,with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clini- cal interview,such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists.In these situations the pro-fessional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help .Another familiar situation is the job interview.However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media,particularly by televi-sion .And yet,we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers,listeners,and viewers.Even so,true understanding of the journalistic interview,es- pecially television interview,requires thoughtful analysis and even study,as this book indicates. The passage is most like a part of a journalistic interview.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
共用题干SleepingPeople who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死亡率）.Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital forhealth and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves any long-term harm."Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San Diego.Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept for less than five hours.Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration （持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now." All the participants were from the state of California.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
Loud noises can be irritating.A:hateful B:painful C:stimulating D:annoying