共用题干Panic A panic is a form of collective in which a group of people,face with an immediate threat,re-act in an uncoordinated and irrational way.Their behavior is uncoordinated in the sense that co-operative social relationships and break down.It is irrational in the sense that people's actions are not appropriate for the goals they wish to achieve. The progress of a panic follows a fairly typical course . A sudden crisis occurs;people experi- ence intense fear;normal social expectations are broken;each individual tries desperately to es- cape from the source of danger;mutual cooperation breaks down;and the situation becomes even more threatening as a result. Panics are especially likely to occur in unusual conditions in which everyday norms have little relevance,such as fires,floods,earthquakes or military invasions. Some kind of response is necessary in these situations, but there are few social norms that specify an appropriate reaction.Thus,when a passenger aircraft makes a crash landing people may at-tempt to flee before fire breaks out and cause an explosion,but there only succeed in stopping themselves and others by creating bottlenecks at the exits.Awareness of bottlenecks may lead to increased panic,with people fighting and trampling one another in the effort to escape.Despite intensive training of airline personnel in emergency evacuation procedures,a high proportion of passenger deaths are caused by a panic that prevents people from escaping in time. The most dramatic panics are those that occur in situations of extreme emergency,but not all panics are quite so frantic or short-lived.A different form of this collective behavior is the finan- cial panic,which is typically provoked by rumor that the price of stocks will fall or that a bank will be unable to repay its depositors .The classic example,of course, occurred at the outset of the Great Depression in 1929:as in other forms of panic,the individuals involved tried to protect their own interests,and in so doing they worsened the situation for themselves and everyone else. By trying to sell their stocks as quickly as possible,people ensured that the price of stocks did fall;by demanding their money back from banks,they ensured that the banks actually did col-lapse. Which of the following is NOT TURE according to the passage?A: All of the panics are caused by natural reasons.B: People get into panic possibly because of the rumor.C: In 1929,Americans worsened the Great Depression themselves to protect their own inter-ests.D: Panics often cause a great loss in economy or human resources.
共用题干
Panic A panic is a form of collective in which a group of people,face with an immediate threat,re-act in an uncoordinated and irrational way.Their behavior is uncoordinated in the sense that co-operative social relationships and break down.It is irrational in the sense that people's actions are not appropriate for the goals they wish to achieve. The progress of a panic follows a fairly typical course . A sudden crisis occurs;people experi- ence intense fear;normal social expectations are broken;each individual tries desperately to es- cape from the source of danger;mutual cooperation breaks down;and the situation becomes even more threatening as a result. Panics are especially likely to occur in unusual conditions in which everyday norms have little relevance,such as fires,floods,earthquakes or military invasions. Some kind of response is necessary in these situations, but there are few social norms that specify an appropriate reaction.Thus,when a passenger aircraft makes a crash landing people may at-tempt to flee before fire breaks out and cause an explosion,but there only succeed in stopping themselves and others by creating bottlenecks at the exits.Awareness of bottlenecks may lead to increased panic,with people fighting and trampling one another in the effort to escape.Despite intensive training of airline personnel in emergency evacuation procedures,a high proportion of passenger deaths are caused by a panic that prevents people from escaping in time. The most dramatic panics are those that occur in situations of extreme emergency,but not all panics are quite so frantic or short-lived.A different form of this collective behavior is the finan- cial panic,which is typically provoked by rumor that the price of stocks will fall or that a bank will be unable to repay its depositors .The classic example,of course, occurred at the outset of the Great Depression in 1929:as in other forms of panic,the individuals involved tried to protect their own interests,and in so doing they worsened the situation for themselves and everyone else. By trying to sell their stocks as quickly as possible,people ensured that the price of stocks did fall;by demanding their money back from banks,they ensured that the banks actually did col-lapse.
Panic A panic is a form of collective in which a group of people,face with an immediate threat,re-act in an uncoordinated and irrational way.Their behavior is uncoordinated in the sense that co-operative social relationships and break down.It is irrational in the sense that people's actions are not appropriate for the goals they wish to achieve. The progress of a panic follows a fairly typical course . A sudden crisis occurs;people experi- ence intense fear;normal social expectations are broken;each individual tries desperately to es- cape from the source of danger;mutual cooperation breaks down;and the situation becomes even more threatening as a result. Panics are especially likely to occur in unusual conditions in which everyday norms have little relevance,such as fires,floods,earthquakes or military invasions. Some kind of response is necessary in these situations, but there are few social norms that specify an appropriate reaction.Thus,when a passenger aircraft makes a crash landing people may at-tempt to flee before fire breaks out and cause an explosion,but there only succeed in stopping themselves and others by creating bottlenecks at the exits.Awareness of bottlenecks may lead to increased panic,with people fighting and trampling one another in the effort to escape.Despite intensive training of airline personnel in emergency evacuation procedures,a high proportion of passenger deaths are caused by a panic that prevents people from escaping in time. The most dramatic panics are those that occur in situations of extreme emergency,but not all panics are quite so frantic or short-lived.A different form of this collective behavior is the finan- cial panic,which is typically provoked by rumor that the price of stocks will fall or that a bank will be unable to repay its depositors .The classic example,of course, occurred at the outset of the Great Depression in 1929:as in other forms of panic,the individuals involved tried to protect their own interests,and in so doing they worsened the situation for themselves and everyone else. By trying to sell their stocks as quickly as possible,people ensured that the price of stocks did fall;by demanding their money back from banks,they ensured that the banks actually did col-lapse.
Which of the following is NOT TURE according to the passage?
A: All of the panics are caused by natural reasons.
B: People get into panic possibly because of the rumor.
C: In 1929,Americans worsened the Great Depression themselves to protect their own inter-ests.
D: Panics often cause a great loss in economy or human resources.
A: All of the panics are caused by natural reasons.
B: People get into panic possibly because of the rumor.
C: In 1929,Americans worsened the Great Depression themselves to protect their own inter-ests.
D: Panics often cause a great loss in economy or human resources.
参考解析
解析：细节题。根据题干定位至原文第一段，可知选项A“变得不协调”。选项B“变得不理智”和选项D“互相合作的社会关系的断裂”均为人们面临恐慌时的不正常表现。而选项C“人们感觉到直接的威胁”是产生恐慌的原因，不是恐慌的表现。因此，C为正确选项。
推断题。可用排除法解题。根据原文第二段可知，选项A“逃离危险源”。选项B “发生突然危机”。选项C“客机紧急降落”均能导致恐慌。选项D“在安全出口处聚集”没有体现出紧急的形势，因而不会造成恐慌。因此，D为正确选项。
推断题。根据第二段第三句“Panics are especially likely to occur in unusual condi-tions in which everyday norms have little relevance,such as fires,floods,earthquakes or mili-tary invasions.”可知，引起恐慌的特定条件主要有：火灾、洪水、地震、军事入侵。前三项为自然因素，而军事入侵可视为人为因素。根据1929年美国经济大萧条的经典例证也可知，人为因素在引起恐慌中占到了很大的比重。因此选项A“纯属自然原因所致”不符合文意，为正确选项。
语意题。根据第二段第五句可知，人们的恐慌引起了人员堵塞，交通不畅。因此， bottleneck在文中应该是选项D“阻塞”的意思。
主旨题。本文主要阐述了引发恐慌的机制及人们在恐慌时的表现。因此，选项A 符合本文主旨。选项B“介绍各种恐慌类型”。选项C“帮助人们建立日常准则以防止恐慌”。选项D“告诉人们由恐慌引起的令人痛心的例子”均非原文的写作目的。
推断题。可用排除法解题。根据原文第二段可知，选项A“逃离危险源”。选项B “发生突然危机”。选项C“客机紧急降落”均能导致恐慌。选项D“在安全出口处聚集”没有体现出紧急的形势，因而不会造成恐慌。因此，D为正确选项。
推断题。根据第二段第三句“Panics are especially likely to occur in unusual condi-tions in which everyday norms have little relevance,such as fires,floods,earthquakes or mili-tary invasions.”可知，引起恐慌的特定条件主要有：火灾、洪水、地震、军事入侵。前三项为自然因素，而军事入侵可视为人为因素。根据1929年美国经济大萧条的经典例证也可知，人为因素在引起恐慌中占到了很大的比重。因此选项A“纯属自然原因所致”不符合文意，为正确选项。
语意题。根据第二段第五句可知，人们的恐慌引起了人员堵塞，交通不畅。因此， bottleneck在文中应该是选项D“阻塞”的意思。
主旨题。本文主要阐述了引发恐慌的机制及人们在恐慌时的表现。因此，选项A 符合本文主旨。选项B“介绍各种恐慌类型”。选项C“帮助人们建立日常准则以防止恐慌”。选项D“告诉人们由恐慌引起的令人痛心的例子”均非原文的写作目的。