What maxim is flouted in such extreme examples of tautologies as "Boys are boys", and"Lies are lies"?A．The maxim of quantity. B．The maxim of quality.C．The maxim of relevance. D．The maxim of manner.
What maxim is flouted in such extreme examples of tautologies as "Boys are boys", and"Lies are lies"?
A．The maxim of quantity.
B．The maxim of quality.
C．The maxim of relevance.
D．The maxim of manner.
B．The maxim of quality.
C．The maxim of relevance.
D．The maxim of manner.
参考解析
解析：考查对交际中合作准则的理解。美国哲学家格莱斯Paul Grice认为．在所有的言语交际活动中，说话人和听话人之间为达到某一个共同的交际目标，都有一种默契，一种双方都立遵守的原则。即合作原则，包括以下四条准则：数量准则、质量准则、关联准则和方式准则。数量准则(The maxim of quantity)：①自己所说的话达到所要求的详尽程度；②不能使自己所说的话比所要求的更详细。质量准则(The maxim ofquality)：①不要说自己认为不真实的话；②不要说自己缺乏足够证据的话。关联准则(The maxim of relevance)：说话要贴切。方式准则(The maxim of manner)：①避免晦涩的词语；②避免歧义；③说话要简要；④说话要有条理。题干问的是“Boys are boys”和“Lies are lies”这两个同义重复的极端例子违反了哪个准则。题干中“男孩是男孩”“谎言是谎言”表达不够详尽，所以违反了数量准则．故选A。
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共用题干第三篇Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art,dance and music,according to research released today.Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity,the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype,the U.S. study says.Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness,rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".The report,presented at a conference of the International Boys' Schools Coalition in London attended by the heads of private and state schools,goes against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.The headmaster of Eton,Tony Little,warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls.He criticised teachers for failing to recognise that boys are actually more emotional than girls,despite the fact that girls"turn on the waterworks".The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become demoralised when their female counterparts do better earlier in verbal skills and reading,because the left side of the brain develops faster in girls.They also felt they had to be"cool"rather than studious. But in single-sex schools teachers are able to tailor lessons to boys' learning style,letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom,wrote the study's author,education expert Abigail James,of the University of Virginia.Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically"boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because,the researchers say,boys generally have better spatial skills,more acute vision,learn best through touch,are more impulsive and more physically active,they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around." Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes,"James wrote.Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype gained from the media by girls that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "in the present sexualised atmosphere prevalent in mnixed schools,boys feel coerced into acting like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means,"the report said.It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys__________.A:perform relatively betterB:grow up more healthilyC:behave more responsiblyD:receive a better education
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