Paragraph4_____A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam
Paragraph4_____
A.Dry steam plants
B.Binary plants
C.Origin of geothermal energy
D.Generation of electricity
E.Flash steam plants
F.Recyclable water and steam
B.Binary plants
C.Origin of geothermal energy
D.Generation of electricity
E.Flash steam plants
F.Recyclable water and steam
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共用题干Cloning（克隆）:Future Perlect?1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997,research into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998,scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves（牛犊）using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement:"We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years."he told the world.2 Seed's announcement provoked a lot of media attention,most of it negative,In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the U.S. the President announced:"We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the U. S. will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year."3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning.They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research.In March,The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken.Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it,human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been bombarded（轰炸）with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons.Such information is often misleading,and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next.5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like,But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds,the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners（赞成克隆的人）.Paragraph 2________A:Strong reactionsB:Anxiety about the future if cloningC:The right to chooseD:What id cloning?E:Arguments in favor of cloningF:A common sight
共用题干第二篇Credit Card Only Works When Spoken ToA credit card that will not work unless it hears its owner's voice could become an important weapon in the fight against fraud（欺骗）.The card requires users to give a spoken password that it recognizes using a built-in voice-recognition chip.The idea is to prevent thieves using a stolen card or fraudsters using someone else's credit card details to buy goods online.A model built by engineers at Beepcard in Santa Monica,California,represents the first attempt to pack a microphone,a loudspeaker,a battery and a voice-recognition chip into a standard-sized credit card.They are not quite there yet:the card is the length and width of an ordinary credit card, but it is still about three times as thick.The company now plans to make it thinner.The voice card is based on an earlier Beepcard technology designed to prevent fraud in online transactions.This earlier card has no microphone,but has a built-in loudspeaker that it uses to " squawk"（发出叫声）a voice ID signal via a computer's microphone to an online server.By verifying（证实）that the signal matches the card details,the server can establish that the user is not simply keying in a credit card number but actually has the card to hand. The ID code changes each time the card is used in a pre-ordered sequence that only the server knows.This prevents fraudsters recording the beeps, noting the card details and then playing back the audible ID when they key in the details later.But this earlier technology cannot prevent fraudulent use of stolen cards.The new one can.The new voice card also identifies itself by its ID squawk,but it will not do this until it has verified the legitimate（合法的）user's spoken password. Thieves will be unable to use the card because even if they knew the password they would have to be able to copy the owner's voice with a high degree of accuracy.The challenge for Beepcard has been to develop voice-recognition and audio circuitry that can be powered by a mini battery embedded（嵌入的）in a credit card. To maximizebattery life,the electronics are only switched on when the card is being used.Pressing a button on the card's surface prompts it to utter "Say your password" in female voice.If the voice-recognition software proves that the password is authentic（真实的）,it sends its IDsquawk which the server then identifies,allowing the transaction to proceed.What can we learn from the last paragraph about the voice card?A:Only female voice passwords could be recognized.B:Further improvement should be made to extend battery life.C:There is no!imit to its application.D:Female customers like to use it.
共用题干Pop Music in AfricaYoung musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popu-lar today,such as hip-hop,rap,rock,jazz,or reggae. The result is music that may sound fa-miliar to listeners anywhere in the world,but at the same time is distinctly African. It is dif-ferent also in another way:Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians.He grew up in Nairobi,Kenya,in a family of musicians.As a teenager,he listened to pop music from the United States,and lat-er he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD in Kenya. Eric's most popular song,“Land of ‘A Little Something’”,is about Kenya's problem of bribery,or paying others for illegal favors.He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live.Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At theage of fifteen she lost her home,but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old,she had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania,especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women.Baaba Maal,from Senegal,also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment.He says that in Senegal,storytellers have always been important people. In the past,they werethe ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people under-stand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important,in fact.They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans,as well as therights of women,love for one's family, and saving the environment.One of South Africa's most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes corn-pared to Madonna,the American pop star,because she likes to shock people in her shows.But she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended,her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these,she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito.In recent years,people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musici-ans.Through music,the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and,at the same time,influencing the rest of the world.For people outside of Africa,African pop music is______.A: the same as other pop music B: not usually very interestingC: entirely strange to them D: both familiar and different
共用题干Better Solar Energy Systems:More Heat,More LightSolar photovoltaic（光电的）thermal energy systems , or PVTs , generate both heat and electricity , but _________ (51)now they haven't been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That ' s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon（晶体硅）solar cells, _______(52)lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn't a very efficient way to gather heat.That's a problem of economics.Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than asolar一electric system at a substantially lower _________(53).And it's also a space problem:photovoltaiccells can_________(54)up all the space on the roof,leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies,Joshua Pearce,an associate professor of materials science and engineering,has de- vised a_________(55)in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon,but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous（非晶形的）silicon , commonly known________( 56 ) thin-film silicon. They don ' t create as much elec-tricity,but they are lighter,flexible,and cheaper. And,because they________(57)much less silicon,they have a greener footprint._________(58),thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad一news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect."That means that their efficiency drops when you_________(59)them to light一pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,"Pearce explains,which is one of the__________(60)thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However,Pearce and his team found a_______(61)to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new________(62)of PVT. You don't have to cool down thin-film sili- con to make it work.In fact,Pearce's group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating tempera- tures,near the boiling_________(63)of water,they could make thicker cells that largely_________(64) the Staebler-Wronski effect.When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day,they_________(65)the solar cell's electrical efficiency by over 10 percent._________(57)A:retrieveB:requireC:mergeD:exchange
共用题干The Difference between Man and ComputerWhat makes people different from computer programs?What is the missing element that our theories don't yet1for?The answer is simple:People read newspaper stories for a reason:to learn more about2they are interested in. Computers,on the other hand, don't. In fact,computers don,t3have interests；there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer4is to be a model of story understanding,it should also read for a“purpose”.of course,people have several goals that do not make5to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide6order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals,or to 7a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry,and computers do not have business lunches.However,these physiological and social goals give8to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find9about the name of a restaurant which10the desired type of food,how expensive the restaurant is,the location of the restaurant,etc. These are goals to11information or knowledge,what we are call-ing12goals. These goals can be held by computers too；a computer13“want”to find out the location of a restaurant,and read a guide in order to do so14the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not15out of hunger in the case of the com-puter,it might well arise out of the“goal” to learn more about restaurants.15._________A: arise B: rise C: consent D: derive
共用题干Animal's “Sixth Sense”A tsunami（海啸）was triggered（引发）by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004.It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals,1， seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a“sixth sense” for2 ,experts said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast clearly 3 wild beasts,with no dead animals found.“No elephants are dead,not4a dead rabbit. I think animals can5 disaster.They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening,”H.D. Ratnayake,deputy director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department,said about one month after the tsunami attack. The6washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged（被 毁坏的）southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife7and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards（豹）.“There has been a lot of8 evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions（火山爆发）or earthquakes. But it has not been proven ,” said Matthew van Lierop,an animal behavior 9 at Johannesburg Zoo.“There have been no10studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting , ” he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred（同意）with this11.“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain12 ,especially birds…there are many re- ports of birds detecting impending（迫近的）disasters , ” said Clive Walker , who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals13 rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators（食肉动物）.The notion of an animal “sixth sense”一or14other mythical power一is an enduring one which the evidence on Sri Lanka's ravaged coast is likely to add15.14._________A: some B: much C: many D: few
Professor Taylor's talk has indicated that science has a very strong influence on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.A: motivationB: perspectiveC: impressionD: impact
共用题干Pop Music in AfricaYoung musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popu-lar today,such as hip-hop,rap,rock,jazz,or reggae. The result is music that may sound fa-miliar to listeners anywhere in the world,but at the same time is distinctly African. It is dif-ferent also in another way:Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians.He grew up in Nairobi,Kenya,in a family of musicians.As a teenager,he listened to pop music from the United States,and lat-er he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD in Kenya. Eric's most popular song,“Land of ‘A Little Something’”,is about Kenya's problem of bribery,or paying others for illegal favors.He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live.Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At theage of fifteen she lost her home,but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old,she had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania,especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women.Baaba Maal,from Senegal,also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment.He says that in Senegal,storytellers have always been important people. In the past,they werethe ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people under-stand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important,in fact.They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans,as well as therights of women,love for one's family, and saving the environment.One of South Africa's most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes corn-pared to Madonna,the American pop star,because she likes to shock people in her shows.But she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended,her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these,she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito.In recent years,people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musici-ans.Through music,the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and,at the same time,influencing the rest of the world.Witness Mwaijaga writes about the problem of women partly because______.A: she has had a difficult life herselfB: there are many problems in TanzaniaC: she has had an easy life herselfD: there are no other women singers
共用题干Lakes,Too,Feel Global WarmingThere's no doubt;In the last few decades,the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it hasbeen in hundreds of years,Around the world,people are starting to measure the effects of global warming一 and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world,and they found that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009,satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the sur- faces of 167 lakes.During those 24 years,the lakes got warmer一by an average of about 0.045 degreeCelsius per year.In some places,lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate,a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years?That difference may seem imull一you might not even notice it in your bath.But in a lake,slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae（水藻）,and algae can make the lake poisonous（有毒的）to fish.The study shows that in some regions,lakes are warming faster than the air around them.This is impor- tant because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming.By using lake temperatures as well,scientists can get a better picture of global warming.The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.That’s going to be useful,since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change.Scientists aren't the only ones concerned、 Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming ofthe planet.Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it,especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse（温室）gases we put into the air.That’s why the United Nations started the F'ramework Convention on Climate Change,or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets,and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.UNFCCC’s annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned