共用题干第一篇UlcersEven though ulcers appear to run in families,lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic （基因的）factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th issue of Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular,smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ulcer（溃疡）.Overall,61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors,such as smoking,and the remaining 39% is due to genes,according to Dr. lsmo Raiha of the University of Turkey and colleagues at the University of Helsinki,Finland.Some researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pyloni（幽门螺旋菌）, the bacteria（细菌）that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests this is unlikely,according to the report.Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of ulcer. Both twins were more likely to develop an ulcer if the pain were genetically the same as compared with a pair of fraternal（由两受精卵发育而成的）twins , suggesting that there must be some genetic susceptibility（敏感性）to ulcer development.However,the risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living apart,suggesting that shared exposure to H.pyloni was not to blame." Environmental effects were not due to factons shared by family members,and they were related to smoking and stress in men and the use of pain-releasing medicines in women,"the authors write in their report. 61% of ulcer risk seems to be caused byA:unknown factors. B:economic factors.C:environmental factors. D:genetic factors.
共用题干
第一篇
Ulcers
Even though ulcers appear to run in families,lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic
（基因的）factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th issue of
Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular,smoking and stress in men and the regular use
of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an
ulcer（溃疡）.
Overall,61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors,such as
smoking,and the remaining 39% is due to genes,according to Dr. lsmo Raiha of the
University of Turkey and colleagues at the University of Helsinki,Finland.Some
researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pyloni（幽门螺旋菌）,
the bacteria（细菌）that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests this is
unlikely,according to the report.
Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins to examine
the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of ulcer. Both twins were more
likely to develop an ulcer if the pain were genetically the same as compared with a pair of
fraternal（由两受精卵发育而成的）twins , suggesting that there must be some genetic
susceptibility（敏感性）to ulcer development.
However,the risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living
apart,suggesting that shared exposure to H.pyloni was not to blame." Environmental
effects were not due to factons shared by family members,and they were related to smoking
and stress in men and the use of pain-releasing medicines in women,"the authors write in
their report.
第一篇
Ulcers
Even though ulcers appear to run in families,lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic
（基因的）factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th issue of
Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular,smoking and stress in men and the regular use
of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an
ulcer（溃疡）.
Overall,61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors,such as
smoking,and the remaining 39% is due to genes,according to Dr. lsmo Raiha of the
University of Turkey and colleagues at the University of Helsinki,Finland.Some
researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pyloni（幽门螺旋菌）,
the bacteria（细菌）that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests this is
unlikely,according to the report.
Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins to examine
the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of ulcer. Both twins were more
likely to develop an ulcer if the pain were genetically the same as compared with a pair of
fraternal（由两受精卵发育而成的）twins , suggesting that there must be some genetic
susceptibility（敏感性）to ulcer development.
However,the risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living
apart,suggesting that shared exposure to H.pyloni was not to blame." Environmental
effects were not due to factons shared by family members,and they were related to smoking
and stress in men and the use of pain-releasing medicines in women,"the authors write in
their report.
61% of ulcer risk seems to be caused by
A:unknown factors.
B:economic factors.
C:environmental factors.
D:genetic factors.
A:unknown factors.
B:economic factors.
C:environmental factors.
D:genetic factors.
参考解析
解析：
相关考题：
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he is extremely shy and withdrawn, though it may be that _______. A、still waters run very deepB、a wise plays a foolC、a wise man plays footballD、deep waters run no wave
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共用题干第一篇UlcersEven though ulcers appear to run in families,lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic （基因的）factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th issue of Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular,smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ulcer（溃疡）.Overall,61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors,such as smoking,and the remaining 39% is due to genes,according to Dr. lsmo Raiha of the University of Turkey and colleagues at the University of Helsinki,Finland.Some researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pyloni（幽门螺旋菌）, the bacteria（细菌）that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests this is unlikely,according to the report.Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of ulcer. Both twins were more likely to develop an ulcer if the pain were genetically the same as compared with a pair of fraternal（由两受精卵发育而成的）twins , suggesting that there must be some genetic susceptibility（敏感性）to ulcer development.However,the risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living apart,suggesting that shared exposure to H.pyloni was not to blame." Environmental effects were not due to factons shared by family members,and they were related to smoking and stress in men and the use of pain-releasing medicines in women,"the authors write in their report. In the last paragraph,the word"suggesting"could be best replaced byA:assuming. B:implying.C:proposing. D:believing.
共用题干第一篇UlcersEven though ulcers appear to run in families,lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic （基因的）factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th issue of Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular,smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ulcer（溃疡）.Overall,61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors,such as smoking,and the remaining 39% is due to genes,according to Dr. lsmo Raiha of the University of Turkey and colleagues at the University of Helsinki,Finland.Some researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pyloni（幽门螺旋菌）, the bacteria（细菌）that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests this is unlikely,according to the report.Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of ulcer. Both twins were more likely to develop an ulcer if the pain were genetically the same as compared with a pair of fraternal（由两受精卵发育而成的）twins , suggesting that there must be some genetic susceptibility（敏感性）to ulcer development.However,the risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living apart,suggesting that shared exposure to H.pyloni was not to blame." Environmental effects were not due to factons shared by family members,and they were related to smoking and stress in men and the use of pain-releasing medicines in women,"the authors write in their report. Raiha and colleagues found environmental effects related to all the following factors EXCEPTA:the regular use of pain-releasing medicines.B:shared exposure to H.pyloni.C:smoking.D:stress.
共用题干第一篇UlcersEven though ulcers appear to run in families,lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic （基因的）factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th issue of Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular,smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ulcer（溃疡）.Overall,61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors,such as smoking,and the remaining 39% is due to genes,according to Dr. lsmo Raiha of the University of Turkey and colleagues at the University of Helsinki,Finland.Some researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pyloni（幽门螺旋菌）, the bacteria（细菌）that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests this is unlikely,according to the report.Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of ulcer. Both twins were more likely to develop an ulcer if the pain were genetically the same as compared with a pair of fraternal（由两受精卵发育而成的）twins , suggesting that there must be some genetic susceptibility（敏感性）to ulcer development.However,the risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living apart,suggesting that shared exposure to H.pyloni was not to blame." Environmental effects were not due to factons shared by family members,and they were related to smoking and stress in men and the use of pain-releasing medicines in women,"the authors write in their report. The purpose of the research on twins by Raiha and colleagues was to examine A:the relationship between family members.B:the effect of pain-releasing medicines.C:the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of ulcer.D:the symptoms of ulcer.
共用题干第一篇UlcersEven though ulcers appear to run in families,lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic （基因的）factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th issue of Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular,smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ulcer（溃疡）.Overall,61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors,such as smoking,and the remaining 39% is due to genes,according to Dr. lsmo Raiha of the University of Turkey and colleagues at the University of Helsinki,Finland.Some researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pyloni（幽门螺旋菌）, the bacteria（细菌）that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests this is unlikely,according to the report.Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of ulcer. Both twins were more likely to develop an ulcer if the pain were genetically the same as compared with a pair of fraternal（由两受精卵发育而成的）twins , suggesting that there must be some genetic susceptibility（敏感性）to ulcer development.However,the risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living apart,suggesting that shared exposure to H.pyloni was not to blame." Environmental effects were not due to factons shared by family members,and they were related to smoking and stress in men and the use of pain-releasing medicines in women,"the authors write in their report. The report attributes the risk of men developing an ulcer partly toA:smoking and stress. B:the kinds of food they eat.C:the size of the family. D:the use of certain medicines.
The fruit ___more than half the country's annual exports according to a recent report.A. accounts for B. stands for C. provides for D. makes for
共用题干Cigars Instead?Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip,tongue,mouth,and throat,according to a government study.Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus,and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx(voice box)sixfold,say researchers at the National Cancer Institu- te in Bethesda,Maryland. In addition,the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article"Cigars:HealthEffects and Trends".The researchers report that,compared with a cigarette,a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines."This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country,"said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute,in a statement."The data are clear-the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke,like cigarettes,are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases,"he added."In other words,cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive.""To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars,our advice is-don't. To those currently smoking cigars,quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer,heart and lung disease risks,"warned Klausner.According to a National Cancer Institute press release,there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events,but“... a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke." According to the report,smoking three or four cigars a day______.A: increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokersB: greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokersC: increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.D: greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers
共用题干Smoke Gets in Your Mind1.Lung cancer,hypertension,heart disease,birth defects一we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern一mental illness.According to some controversial new findings,if smoking does not kill you,it may,quite literally,drive you to despair.2.The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety.But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders,panic attacks and depression,perhaps even schizophrenia.3.Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide.Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke,and up to 88 percent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are smokers.A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.4.But the big question is why?The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking,or smoke more,to alleviate some of their distress.Even when smoking seems to start before the illness,most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up.But perhaps something more sinister is going on.5.A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause,not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety."We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health,and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,"says Naomi Breslau,director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.6.Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility.The hint came from studies, published in 1998,which followed a group of just over 1.,000 young adults for a five-year period.The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study,though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smok-- ing before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period. Smoking,it seems,could pre-date illness.7.At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed.But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link,she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking,perhaps the nicotine itself,could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.8.One of these larger studies was led by Goodman,a pediatrician.She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8,704 adolescents were not depressed,and might or might not have been smokers,while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month.After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers,previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour,not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non一smoking peers.Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens."Current cigarette use is,however,a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms."9.Breslau,too,finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers.It's a hard message to get across,because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit,not when they smoke.But Breslau says thatBreslau's study________than Goodman's but lasted longer.A:have been proved to be misleadingB:but to their mental health as wellC:taking up smokingD:involved fewer peopleE:they started to smoke at an early ageF: but their level of anxiety increases when they quit smoking
共用题干Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on______.A:any medical eventB:articles published in the same issueC:articles published in that journalD:medical development
共用题干Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A:Many medical journals also are published online.B:A few medical journals are general medical journals.C:Most medical journals are published only online.D:Most medical journals are specialty journals.
共用题干Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.The main readers of medical journals are______.A:the general publicB:health professionalsC:medical critics D:news reporters
共用题干Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.An article dealing rjth results from different studies on the same topic is called___＿＿.A:a research article B:a review articleC:a case report D:an editorial
共用题干Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.How many major types of articles are mentioned inl the passage?A:Five. B:Seven.C:Four. D:Six.
共用题干第二篇US Blacks Hard-hit by CancerDeath rates for cancer are falling for all Americans,but black Americans are still more likely to die ofcancer than whites,the American Cancer Society said Monday.In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancerlater than whites,and they are more likely to die of the disease.This could be because of unequal access to medical care,because blacks are more likely to have otherdiseases like diabetes as well,and perhaps because of differences in the biology of the cancer itself,the report added."In general,African Americans have］ess likelihood of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites forall cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,"the report said."In describing cancer statistics for African Americans,this report recognizes that socioeconomic dispari-ties and unequal access to medical care may underlie many of the differences associated with race."The Cancer Society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups earlier,when cancer is moretreatable,and it said more research was needed to see if biological differences play a role.Public policy and education efforts may help to do away with________.A:death rates B:various cancersC:unfair social differences D:biological differences
共用题干第二篇US Blacks Hard-hit by CancerDeath rates for cancer are falling for all Americans,but black Americans are still more likely to die ofcancer than whites,the American Cancer Society said Monday.In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancerlater than whites,and they are more likely to die of the disease.This could be because of unequal access to medical care,because blacks are more likely to have otherdiseases like diabetes as well,and perhaps because of differences in the biology of the cancer itself,the report added."In general,African Americans have］ess likelihood of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites forall cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,"the report said."In describing cancer statistics for African Americans,this report recognizes that socioeconomic dispari-ties and unequal access to medical care may underlie many of the differences associated with race."The Cancer Society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups earlier,when cancer is moretreatable,and it said more research was needed to see if biological differences play a role.Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer than_______.A:people in other countries B:white AmericansC:all other Americans D:their ancestors
共用题干第二篇US Blacks Hard-hit by CancerDeath rates for cancer are falling for all Americans,but black Americans are still more likely to die ofcancer than whites,the American Cancer Society said Monday.In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancerlater than whites,and they are more likely to die of the disease.This could be because of unequal access to medical care,because blacks are more likely to have otherdiseases like diabetes as well,and perhaps because of differences in the biology of the cancer itself,the report added."In general,African Americans have］ess likelihood of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites forall cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,"the report said."In describing cancer statistics for African Americans,this report recognizes that socioeconomic dispari-ties and unequal access to medical care may underlie many of the differences associated with race."The Cancer Society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups earlier,when cancer is moretreatable,and it said more research was needed to see if biological differences play a role.Cancer is more treatable if it is detected________.A:in an early stage B:together with other diseasesC:during check-ups D:in elderly people
In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because （）A、in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB、speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyedC、speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongueD、All of the above
问答题Practice 1 Healthy people with stressful jobs who work long hours but get little satisfaction from what they do have twice the risk of dying from heart disease as satisfied employees, according to a study. Job stress has been known to trigger heart problems in people who already have cardiovascular disease. Now Finnish scientists have now shown that even in healthy people the pressures of work can take their toll. Obesity, high blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking and being overweight contribute to heart disease — a leading killer in many industrialized countries. But Mika Kivimaki, of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, and his colleagues, who studied the medical histories of 812 healthy Finnish men and women in a metal industry company over 25 years, said job stress also plays an important role. Workers who had the highest job-related stress levels at the start of the study were more than twice as likely to die of heart disease, according to the study published in The British Medical Journal. Work stress involves too much work as well as a lack of satisfaction and feeling undervalued and unappreciated. Many people work long hours but if the effort is rewarding the stress is minimized. Kivimaki said job pressure is damaging when being overworked is combined with little or no control, unfair supervision and few career opportunities. The British Heart Foundation said the results support earlier research showing that people in jobs with low control, such as manual workers, could be at greater risk of heart disease than other employees. "It is advisable for people to try to minimize levels of stress at work and for employers to allow people to have more control at work and to be rewarded for their successes," the foundation said in a statement.
单选题The writer probably thinks that _____.Amoving is much more troublesome than remodelingBremodeling is much more economical than movingCwhether remodeling is better than moving depends on different situationsDthe issue of whether remodeling is better than moving is determined by financial factors
单选题In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because （）Ain linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingBspeech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyedCspeech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongueDAll of the above
单选题According to the report, air pollution in big cities _____.Acan be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterBcannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylCcan release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterDcan be more serious than we used to think