共用题干Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including humiliation by senior doctors,______(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medica1 school.The findings come from analysis of the______(52) a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,733 second-year residents.The survey and______(53)appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.Overall, out of the 1, 277 residents ______ (54)completed surveys, 1, 1 85 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year.______(55)reporting incidents where they were abused,more than 45%of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents,attending physicians,or nurses.Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent______(57).More than 10%of the residents said they were______(58)to have enough sleep,and the average number of hours______(59)sleep was 37.6.The average on-call time during a______(60)week was 56.9 hours,but about 25%of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks.______(61)30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times,53%of the respondents reported that they______(62)belittled or humiliated by more senior residents,while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work.Being "______(63)tasks for punishment,"being pushed,kicked or hit,"and______(64) someone"threatening your reputation or career,"were reported as a more______(65)occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.64._________A:hadB:have C:having D:has
共用题干
Hospital Mistreatment
According to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including humiliation by senior doctors,______(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medica1 school.
The findings come from analysis of the______(52) a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,733 second-year residents.The survey and______(53)appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Overall, out of the 1, 277 residents ______ (54)completed surveys, 1, 1 85 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year.______(55)reporting incidents where they were abused,more than 45%of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents,attending physicians,or nurses.Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent______(57).
More than 10%of the residents said they were______(58)to have enough sleep,and the average number of hours______(59)sleep was 37.6.The average on-call time during a______(60)week was 56.9 hours,but about 25%of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks.
______(61)30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times,53%of the respondents reported that they______(62)belittled or humiliated by more senior residents,while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work.
Being "______(63)tasks for punishment,"being pushed,kicked or hit,"and______(64) someone"threatening your reputation or career,"were reported as a more______(65)occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.
Hospital Mistreatment
According to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including humiliation by senior doctors,______(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medica1 school.
The findings come from analysis of the______(52) a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,733 second-year residents.The survey and______(53)appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Overall, out of the 1, 277 residents ______ (54)completed surveys, 1, 1 85 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year.______(55)reporting incidents where they were abused,more than 45%of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents,attending physicians,or nurses.Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent______(57).
More than 10%of the residents said they were______(58)to have enough sleep,and the average number of hours______(59)sleep was 37.6.The average on-call time during a______(60)week was 56.9 hours,but about 25%of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks.
______(61)30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times,53%of the respondents reported that they______(62)belittled or humiliated by more senior residents,while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work.
Being "______(63)tasks for punishment,"being pushed,kicked or hit,"and______(64) someone"threatening your reputation or career,"were reported as a more______(65)occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.
64._________
A:had
B:have
C:having
D:has
A:had
B:have
C:having
D:has
参考解析
解析：选项D构成一个动名词短语being threatened，与前面的humiliation和后面的physical abuse并列构成介词including的宾语。其他选项都不能作为介词宾语。
the已提示后面必须跟一个名词性词项，单填responses在这里还不行，因为后面还跟有 responses的对象，因此responses，后面还要有介词to,构成短语responses to a 13-page survey,意为“对一份13页调查问卷的回答”。
填analysis与survey并列作为本句主语，既是语法的需要，也符合文意。
关系代词who指代人，在从句中做主语。
该句的意思是：除了报告他们受虐待以外，45%以上的住院医生还说他们至少还目睹过一次其他人填写假病历的情况。只有填in addition to（除……之外）才符合句意。
A项had made在语法上表示“过去的过去”，被调查人“说”在句中是用一般过去时 ( said)，那么他们报告的情况发生在“过去的过去”。填B不行，因为have made表示的是以现在的眼光说明已发生的事。
既然前面有冠词a，那么这里必然需要一个单数名词。event在语法和意义上都符合要求。
本句意思是：10%以上的住院医生说他们不被允许有足够的睡眠。B项符合句意.be allowed to do sth．意思是“获准做某事”。其否定形式是在be动词后加not。
根据整句的意思，应该填without , hours without sleep指连续工作而得不到睡眠的时间。
这句话由两个并列的句子构成，用but作转折连词。前半句说的是正常情况，后半句说的是特殊情况。a typical week意为“一个典型的工作周”，符合句意。
本句意思是：虽然30%的住院医生说他们遭受了一些形式的性骚扰或歧视，但是言语上的辱骂却被认为是最普遍的问题。Although意思是“虽然，尽管”，放在句首，可以引导让步状语从句。In spite of意思上也可以，但不符合语法。
填were与主语they相一致，又与belittled构成被动语态。
填given与前面的being构成被动语态的动名词短语，与其他并列成分共同作主语。
填动名词having构成主语的一部分，与之前两个being为并列关系。
frequent意思是“频繁的，时常发生的，惯常的”，符合句意。frequency是名词，表示“频率，频繁”; dependent依靠的，从属的；independent独立的，单独的。
the已提示后面必须跟一个名词性词项，单填responses在这里还不行，因为后面还跟有 responses的对象，因此responses，后面还要有介词to,构成短语responses to a 13-page survey,意为“对一份13页调查问卷的回答”。
填analysis与survey并列作为本句主语，既是语法的需要，也符合文意。
关系代词who指代人，在从句中做主语。
该句的意思是：除了报告他们受虐待以外，45%以上的住院医生还说他们至少还目睹过一次其他人填写假病历的情况。只有填in addition to（除……之外）才符合句意。
A项had made在语法上表示“过去的过去”，被调查人“说”在句中是用一般过去时 ( said)，那么他们报告的情况发生在“过去的过去”。填B不行，因为have made表示的是以现在的眼光说明已发生的事。
既然前面有冠词a，那么这里必然需要一个单数名词。event在语法和意义上都符合要求。
本句意思是：10%以上的住院医生说他们不被允许有足够的睡眠。B项符合句意.be allowed to do sth．意思是“获准做某事”。其否定形式是在be动词后加not。
根据整句的意思，应该填without , hours without sleep指连续工作而得不到睡眠的时间。
这句话由两个并列的句子构成，用but作转折连词。前半句说的是正常情况，后半句说的是特殊情况。a typical week意为“一个典型的工作周”，符合句意。
本句意思是：虽然30%的住院医生说他们遭受了一些形式的性骚扰或歧视，但是言语上的辱骂却被认为是最普遍的问题。Although意思是“虽然，尽管”，放在句首，可以引导让步状语从句。In spite of意思上也可以，但不符合语法。
填were与主语they相一致，又与belittled构成被动语态。
填given与前面的being构成被动语态的动名词短语，与其他并列成分共同作主语。
填动名词having构成主语的一部分，与之前两个being为并列关系。
frequent意思是“频繁的，时常发生的，惯常的”，符合句意。frequency是名词，表示“频率，频繁”; dependent依靠的，从属的；independent独立的，单独的。
相关考题：
The United States has more than one hundred twenty medical colleges. The American Association of Medical Colleges says these schools have about seventy thousand students.How hard is it to get into one of the top medical schools, like for example the one at Yale University in Connecticut? Last year almost three thousand seven hundred students hoped to get accepted there. Only one hundred seventy-six -- or less than five percent -- were admitted.People who want to become medical doctors often study large amounts of biology, chemistry and other science. Some students work for a year or two in a medical or research job before they try to get accepted to medical school.Medical students spend their first two years in classroom study. They learn about the body and all of its systems. And they begin studying diseases -- how to recognize and treat them. By the third year, students guided by experienced doctors begin working with patients in hospitals. As the students watch and learn, they think about the kind of medicine they would like to practice as doctors. During the fourth year, students begin applying to hospital programs for the additional training they will need after medical school. Competition for a residency at a top hospital can be fierce.A medical education can be very costly, especially at a private school. One year at a private medical college can cost forty thousand dollars or more. The average at a public medical school is more than fifteen thousand dollars. Most students have to take out loans to pay for medical school. Many finish their education heavily in debt.Doctors are among the highest paid professionals in the United States. Specialists in big cities are generally the highest paid. But there are also doctors who earn considerably less, including those in poor communities.(1)Which of the following ideas is NOT suggested in the passage?A、It is hard to get into one of the top medical schools.B、The United States has more than one hundred twenty medical colleges.C、Medical students need two years' classroom study.D、After graduating from medical schools, the students become doctors.(2)How many years the medical students take to graduate from medical school?A、2B、3C、4D、1(3)In what way many medical students pay for their medical education?A、Have part-time jobs in hospitals.B、Take out loans.C、Their parents pay for it.D、Work hard for the scholarship.(4)What the medical students begin to do in their fourth year of study?A、Looking for a job.B、Working with patients in hospitalsC、Applying to hospital programs for the additional training.D、Learning about the body and all of its systems(5)_______ are generally the highest paid.A、Specialists in big cities.B、Experienced doctors.C、Doctors in poor communitiesD、Doctors who graduated from private medical schools.
According to the NAS\'s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care isA prolonged medical procedures.B inadequate treatment of pain.C systematic drug abuse.D insufficient hospital care.
共用题干Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including humiliation by senior doctors,______(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medica1 school.The findings come from analysis of the______(52) a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,733 second-year residents.The survey and______(53)appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.Overall, out of the 1, 277 residents ______ (54)completed surveys, 1, 1 85 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year.______(55)reporting incidents where they were abused,more than 45%of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents,attending physicians,or nurses.Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent______(57).More than 10%of the residents said they were______(58)to have enough sleep,and the average number of hours______(59)sleep was 37.6.The average on-call time during a______(60)week was 56.9 hours,but about 25%of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks.______(61)30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times,53%of the respondents reported that they______(62)belittled or humiliated by more senior residents,while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work.Being "______(63)tasks for punishment,"being pushed,kicked or hit,"and______(64) someone"threatening your reputation or career,"were reported as a more______(65)occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.52._________A:responsive B:responses to C:respond to D:responding
共用题干Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including humiliation by senior doctors,______(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medica1 school.The findings come from analysis of the______(52) a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,733 second-year residents.The survey and______(53)appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.Overall, out of the 1, 277 residents ______ (54)completed surveys, 1, 1 85 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year.______(55)reporting incidents where they were abused,more than 45%of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents,attending physicians,or nurses.Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent______(57).More than 10%of the residents said they were______(58)to have enough sleep,and the average number of hours______(59)sleep was 37.6.The average on-call time during a______(60)week was 56.9 hours,but about 25%of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks.______(61)30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times,53%of the respondents reported that they______(62)belittled or humiliated by more senior residents,while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work.Being "______(63)tasks for punishment,"being pushed,kicked or hit,"and______(64) someone"threatening your reputation or career,"were reported as a more______(65)occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.51._________A:be B:been C:were D:being
共用题干Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including hu-miliation by senior doctors,______(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.The findings come from analysis of the______(52)a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,733 second-year residents.The survey and______(53)appear in the April 15th is-sue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.Overall,out of the 1,277 residents______(54)completed surveys,1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year.______(55)reporting incidents where they were abused,more than 45%of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians,or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent______(57).More than 10%of the residents said they were______(58)to have enough sleep,and the average number of hours______(59)sleep was 37 .6 .The average on-call time during a______(60)week was 56 .9 hours,but about 25%of the residents said their on-call assign-ments were more than 80 hours some weeks.______(61)30%of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times,53% of the respondents reported that they ______(62)belittled or humiliated by more senior residents,while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work .Being"______(63)tasks for punishment," "being pushed,kicked or hit,"and______(64)someone"threatening your reputation or career," were reported as a more______(65)occurrence by over 10%of the responding residents.52._________A:. responsiveB: responses toC: respond toD: responding
共用题干Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including humiliation by senior doctors,_________(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.The findings come from analysis of the________(52)a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1, 733 second-year residents.The survey and________(53)appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal ofthe American Medical Association.Overall,out of the 1,277 residents________(54)completed surveys,1,1 85 said that they had expe- rienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year._______(55)reporting incidents wherethey were abused,more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons_______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents,attending physicians,or nurses.Almost 40% said pa- tient mistreatment was a frequent_______(57）.More than 10% of the residents said they were________(58)to have enough sleep,and the average number of hours_________(59)sleep was 37.6.The average on-call tirne during a ______(60)week was 56.9 hours,but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks.__________(61)30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexusi hsra、mrnt or discrimi-nation,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events oc-curring three or more times,53%of the respondents reported that they______(62)belittled or humilia- ted by more senior residents,while just over 21%reported someone taking credit for their work.Being "_______(63)tasks for punishment," "being pushed,kicked or hit," and__________(64) someone "threatening your reputation or career,"were reported as a more_______(65)occurrence by over l0% of the responding residents._________(59)A:withoutB:onC:withD:because of
共用题干Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including hu-miliation by senior doctors,______(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.The findings come from analysis of the______(52)a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,733 second-year residents.The survey and______(53)appear in the April 15th is-sue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.Overall,out of the 1,277 residents______(54)completed surveys,1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year.______(55)reporting incidents where they were abused,more than 45%of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians,or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent______(57).More than 10%of the residents said they were______(58)to have enough sleep,and the average number of hours______(59)sleep was 37 .6 .The average on-call time during a______(60)week was 56 .9 hours,but about 25%of the residents said their on-call assign-ments were more than 80 hours some weeks.______(61)30%of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times,53% of the respondents reported that they ______(62)belittled or humiliated by more senior residents,while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work .Being"______(63)tasks for punishment," "being pushed,kicked or hit,"and______(64)someone"threatening your reputation or career," were reported as a more______(65)occurrence by over 10%of the responding residents.51._________A:. beingB: wereC: beenD: be
共用题干Domestic ViolenceNearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their life- time,according________(51)one of the few studies to look at domestic violence and health among men."Many men actually do_________(52)domestic violence,although we don'thear about it often." Dr. Robert J.Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle,one of the study's authors,told Reuters Health."They often don't__________(53)and we don't ask.We want to get the message out to men who do experience domestic violence_________(54)they are not alone and there are resources available to them."The researchers asked study__________ (55)about physical abuse（人身伤害）and non-physical abuse, such as_________(56)that made them fear for their safety,controlling behavior,and constant name-calling.Among men 1 8 to 54 years old,14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner violence in the past five years,_______(57)6.1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.Rates were lower for men 55 and older,with 5.3 percent__________(58)violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.__________(59),30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been__________(60)of domestic violence at some point in their lives.About half of the_________(61)the men experienced was physical.However,the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as that_________(62)by women in a previous study,20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated__________(63)as severe,compared with 61 per- cent of women.Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health__________(64) than those who had not,_______(65)older men,the researchers found._________(51)A:atB:byC:forD:to
共用题干Most Adults in US Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent."I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population,"lead author Dr.Earl S.Ford,from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age,who narticipated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994.Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent,and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group.By contrast,race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have ahigh or immediate risk,Dr.Daniel S.Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles,and Dr.Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine,note in a related editorial.Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add. The findings in the report are based on______.A:the study of physicians,researchers and health policy analystsB:analysis of data from 13,769 subjectsC:the data from all US adultsD:Dr.Daniel S.Berman and Dr.Nathan D.Wong
共用题干Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including humiliation by senior doctors,______(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medica1 school.The findings come from analysis of the______(52) a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1,733 second-year residents.The survey and______(53)appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.Overall, out of the 1, 277 residents ______ (54)completed surveys, 1, 1 85 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year.______(55)reporting incidents where they were abused,more than 45%of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents,attending physicians,or nurses.Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent______(57).More than 10%of the residents said they were______(58)to have enough sleep,and the average number of hours______(59)sleep was 37.6.The average on-call time during a______(60)week was 56.9 hours,but about 25%of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks.______(61)30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times,53%of the respondents reported that they______(62)belittled or humiliated by more senior residents,while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work.Being "______(63)tasks for punishment,"being pushed,kicked or hit,"and______(64) someone"threatening your reputation or career,"were reported as a more______(65)occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.53._________A:analyze B:analysis C:having analyzed D:be analyzed
共用题干Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study,most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment,including humiliation by senior doctors,_________(51)threatened,or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.The findings come from analysis of the________(52)a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1, 733 second-year residents.The survey and________(53)appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal ofthe American Medical Association.Overall,out of the 1,277 residents________(54)completed surveys,1,1 85 said that they had expe- rienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year._______(55)reporting incidents wherethey were abused,more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons_______(56)false medical records.Moreover,nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents,attending physicians,or nurses.Almost 40% said pa- tient mistreatment was a frequent_______(57）.More than 10% of the residents said they were________(58)to have enough sleep,and the average number of hours_________(59)sleep was 37.6.The average on-call tirne during a ______(60)week was 56.9 hours,but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks.__________(61)30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexusi hsra、mrnt or discrimi-nation,verbal abuse was the most common problem cited.When abusive incidents were limited to events oc-curring three or more times,53%of the respondents reported that they______(62)belittled or humilia- ted by more senior residents,while just over 21%reported someone taking credit for their work.Being "_______(63)tasks for punishment," "being pushed,kicked or hit," and__________(64) someone "threatening your reputation or career,"were reported as a more_______(65)occurrence by over l0% of the responding residents._________(51)A:beB:beenC:wereD:being
When researchers first discovered a link in the late 1990s between childhood adversity and chronic health problem later in life, the real revelation was how common those experiences were across all socioeconomic groups. But the first major study to focus on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) was limited to a single healthcare system in San Diego. A study published in JAMA Pediatrics- the largest nationally representative study to date on ACEs一confirms that these experiences are universal, yet highlights some disparities among socioeconomic groups.The current study finds three out of five adults across the U.S. had at least one adverse experience in their childhood, such as divorce, a parent's death, physical or emotional abuse, or a family member's incarceration or substance abuse problem. A quarter of adults have at least three such experiences in childhood, which according to other research- increase their risk for most common chronic diseases, from heart disease and cancer to depression and substance abuse."This is the first study of this kind that alows us to talk about adverse childhood experience as a public health problem in the same way we talk about obesity or hypertension or any other highly prevalent population risk factor" says Adam Schickedanz, an assistant professor of pediatrics at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, who was not involved in the research. "Up until now,we haven't really had a study that takes a national look .The study researchers, led by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention researcher Melissa T. Merrick, analyzed data from 214, 157 adults in 23 states recently. The participants answered 11 questions about whether they'd experienced what have now become well recognized as ACEs: parental separation or divorce, child abuse (physical, emotional and sexual ), domestic violence and living with someone who has been incarcerated or has a mental ilness or a substance use disorder.Nearly 62 percent of respondents had at least one ACE and a quarter reported three or more. The remaining respondents had at least two ACES, including 16 percent with four or more such experiences .Those identifying as black or Latino and those with less than a high school education or an annual income below $15,000 were more likely to have more ACES. Women, younger adults,unemployed people and those unable to work also tended to have more ACES. But Schickedant cautions that, while the disparities are real, it's important to recognize how common these experiences are among all people, including white and middle class families.”This study shows that ACEs affect people from all walks of life everywhere," he says.This new study suggests that a need to target prevention resources where they can help most,says Jack Shonkoff, a professor of child health and development at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. This requires identifying what makes some people more susceptible than others to the effects of adversity,“Nobody is immune to adverse experiences in childhood but for some population groups, they're a larger burden of childhood adversity than others." he says. What will most probably be done according to the current study?A. Identifying the group of people who are at greatest risk.B. Exploring the social and biological mechanisms behind.C. Developing programs that can reduce or mitigate adversity.D. Teaching children how to deal with adversity in a healthy way
共用题干第三篇First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.DavidFaxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."It can be inferred from the passage that donor hearts______.A:will be replaced by self-contained artificial hearts sooner or laterB:are more popular and cheaper than self-contained artificial heartsC:saved the lives of about 2,100 Americans the year before the reportD:can help patients survive less than 15 years if they are in good transplant
共用题干第三篇First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.DavidFaxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."We can learn from Paragraph 4 that the Jarvic-7 is_____.A:the most expensive mechanical heartB:a mechanical heart used in the 1980sC:as advanced as AbioCorD:replacing AbioCor
共用题干第三篇First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.DavidFaxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."According to the report,the patient who received the first self-contained heart______.A:was said to be in a good condition the next day after the operationB:could not afford a donor heartC:died two months after the heart implantationD:was reluctant to release his or her personal information
共用题干First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery- powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washingmachine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.Some doctors doubt the possibility of donor hearts being replaced by artificial ones.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干第三篇First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.DavidFaxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The first two paragraphs tell that the self-contained artificial heart_____.A:had brought the patient to the brink of deathB:did not need to get power from outside the bodyC:was made of titanium and pumpD:was invented by two surgeons from the University of Louisville
共用题干First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery- powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washingmachine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.Approximately two thousand one hundred patients received heart implantation in America last year.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干第二篇Study Says Dogs Can Smell CancerDogs are known for their sense of smell.They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs.Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find bladder（膀胱）cancer.Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）. Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner.The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Arnersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment.The study involved urine collected from biadder cancer patients,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it,Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time.But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times.That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.The British Medical Journal published the research.In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study,Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney(肾）.Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year.Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer. The person who had tested healthy before the studyA:dropped out. B:passed away.C:was found to have cancer. D:was found to remain healthy.
共用题干第二篇Medical EducationIn 18th-century colonial America,those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London,Paris, and Edinburgh.Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania,beginning in 1765,and in 1767 at King's College(now Columbia University),the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine.Following the American Revolution,the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of King's College)was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809,which survives as a division of Columbia University.In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospita'.The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of earning went together with the development of proprietary（私营的）schools of medicine run for personal profit,most of which had low standards and poor facilities.In 1910 Abraham Rexner,the American education reformer,wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada,exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently，the American Medical Association(AMA)and the Association of American Medical Coleges(AAMC) laid down standards for course content,qualifications of teachers,laboratory facilities,connection with teaching hospitals,and licensing of medical practitioners（开业医师）that survive to this day.By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 142 4-year medical colleges recognized by the Liaison（联络）Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. a degree ; during the 1987-88 academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated.Graduates,after a year of internship（实习期）,receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the Nafional Board of Medical Examiners. The AMA and AAMC established standards so as toA:recruit more students.B:set up more schools of rnedicine.C:ensure the quality of medical teaching and practice.D:prevent medical schools from making huge profits.
共用题干第二篇Medical EducationIn 18th-century colonial America,those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London,Paris, and Edinburgh.Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania,beginning in 1765,and in 1767 at King's College(now Columbia University),the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine.Following the American Revolution,the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of King's College)was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809,which survives as a division of Columbia University.In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospita'.The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of earning went together with the development of proprietary（私营的）schools of medicine run for personal profit,most of which had low standards and poor facilities.In 1910 Abraham Rexner,the American education reformer,wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada,exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently，the American Medical Association(AMA)and the Association of American Medical Coleges(AAMC) laid down standards for course content,qualifications of teachers,laboratory facilities,connection with teaching hospitals,and licensing of medical practitioners（开业医师）that survive to this day.By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 142 4-year medical colleges recognized by the Liaison（联络）Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. a degree ; during the 1987-88 academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated.Graduates,after a year of internship（实习期）,receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the Nafional Board of Medical Examiners. After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practiceA:if they have worked in a aboratory.B:if they have studied abroad for some time.C:if they have obtained an M.D.degree.D:if they have passed an examination.
共用题干第二篇Study Says Dogs Can Smell CancerDogs are known for their sense of smell.They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs.Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find bladder（膀胱）cancer.Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）. Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner.The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Arnersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment.The study involved urine collected from biadder cancer patients,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it,Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time.But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times.That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.The British Medical Journal published the research.In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study,Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney(肾）.Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year.Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer. The experiment was conducted in aA:private home. B:training school.C:hospital. D:police station.
共用题干第二篇Medical EducationIn 18th-century colonial America,those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London,Paris, and Edinburgh.Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania,beginning in 1765,and in 1767 at King's College(now Columbia University),the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine.Following the American Revolution,the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of King's College)was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809,which survives as a division of Columbia University.In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospita'.The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of earning went together with the development of proprietary（私营的）schools of medicine run for personal profit,most of which had low standards and poor facilities.In 1910 Abraham Rexner,the American education reformer,wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada,exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently，the American Medical Association(AMA)and the Association of American Medical Coleges(AAMC) laid down standards for course content,qualifications of teachers,laboratory facilities,connection with teaching hospitals,and licensing of medical practitioners（开业医师）that survive to this day.By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 142 4-year medical colleges recognized by the Liaison（联络）Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. a degree ; during the 1987-88 academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated.Graduates,after a year of internship（实习期）,receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the Nafional Board of Medical Examiners. Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in AmericaA:had estabiished professionals. B:had good facilities.C:had hgh standards D:were in poor conditions.
单选题Passage1The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness.As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places，some of the country's most talented artists have been called in to transform older hospitals and to soften the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2，500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain，almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors，waiting areas and treatment rooms.These recent initiatives owe a great deal to one artist，Peter Senior，who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital in northeastern England during the early 1970s.He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society，and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience.A typical hospital waiting room might have as many as 500 visitors each week. What better place to hold regular exhibitions of art？Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the out-patients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975.Believed to be Britain's first hospital artist, Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school graduates.The effect is striking. Now in the corridors and waiting rooms the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colors, playful images and restful courtyards.The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view onto a garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.The fact that six young art school graduates joined Peter shows that_______.APeter's enterprise is developing greatlyBPeter Senior enjoys great popularityCthey are talented hospital artistsDthe role of hospital environment is being recognized
单选题Passage1The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness.As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places，some of the country's most talented artists have been called in to transform older hospitals and to soften the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2，500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain，almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors，waiting areas and treatment rooms.These recent initiatives owe a great deal to one artist，Peter Senior，who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital in northeastern England during the early 1970s.He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society，and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience.A typical hospital waiting room might have as many as 500 visitors each week. What better place to hold regular exhibitions of art？Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the out-patients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975.Believed to be Britain's first hospital artist, Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school graduates.The effect is striking. Now in the corridors and waiting rooms the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colors, playful images and restful courtyards.The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view onto a garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.According to Peter Senior, _______.Aart is losing its audience in modern societyBart galleries should be changed into hospitalsCpatients should be encouraged to learn paintingDart should be encouraged in British hospitals
单选题Passage1The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness.As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places，some of the country's most talented artists have been called in to transform older hospitals and to soften the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2，500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain，almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors，waiting areas and treatment rooms.These recent initiatives owe a great deal to one artist，Peter Senior，who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital in northeastern England during the early 1970s.He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society，and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience.A typical hospital waiting room might have as many as 500 visitors each week. What better place to hold regular exhibitions of art？Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the out-patients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975.Believed to be Britain's first hospital artist, Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school graduates.The effect is striking. Now in the corridors and waiting rooms the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colors, playful images and restful courtyards.The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view onto a garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.What can we say of Peter Senior?AHe is a pioneer in introducing art into hospitals.BHe is a doctor interested in painting.CHe is an artist who has a large collection of paintings.DHe is a faithful follower of hospital art.
单选题Passage1The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness.As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places，some of the country's most talented artists have been called in to transform older hospitals and to soften the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2，500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain，almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors，waiting areas and treatment rooms.These recent initiatives owe a great deal to one artist，Peter Senior，who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital in northeastern England during the early 1970s.He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society，and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience.A typical hospital waiting room might have as many as 500 visitors each week. What better place to hold regular exhibitions of art？Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the out-patients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975.Believed to be Britain's first hospital artist, Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school graduates.The effect is striking. Now in the corridors and waiting rooms the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colors, playful images and restful courtyards.The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view onto a garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.According to the passage, "to soften the hard edges of modern buildings" means_______.Ato pull down hospital buildingsBto decorate hospitals with art collectionsCto improve the quality of treatment in hospitalsDto make the corners of hospital buildings round
单选题Passage1The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness.As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places，some of the country's most talented artists have been called in to transform older hospitals and to soften the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2，500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain，almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors，waiting areas and treatment rooms.These recent initiatives owe a great deal to one artist，Peter Senior，who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital in northeastern England during the early 1970s.He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society，and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience.A typical hospital waiting room might have as many as 500 visitors each week. What better place to hold regular exhibitions of art？Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the out-patients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975.Believed to be Britain's first hospital artist, Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school graduates.The effect is striking. Now in the corridors and waiting rooms the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colors, playful images and restful courtyards.The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view onto a garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.After the improvement of the hospital environment, _______.Apatients no longer need drugs in their recoveryBpatients are no longer wholly dependent on expensive drugsCpatients need good-quality drugs in their recoveryDpatients use fewer pain killers in their recovery