Language is p（）in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.
Language is p（）in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.
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They have discovered a new medical herb, which they have ________ a large number of patients and found to have great healing power. A. operatedB. tried onC. took onD. tried with
How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to present those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words. The power of words, then, lies in their associations - the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something increases. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar. What is true about words?：A、They are used to express feelings onlyB、They can not be written downC、They are simply soundsD、They are mysterious.
回答下列各题 Adults are getting smarter about how smart babies are. Not long ago, researchers learned that4-day-old could understand 26______and subtraction. Now, British research psychologist Graham Schaferhas discovered that infants can learn words for uncommon things long before they can speak. He foundthat 9-month-old infants could be taught, through repeated show-and-tell, to 27______the names of objectsthat were foreign to them, a result that 28______in some ways the received wisdom that, apart from learningto29______ things common to their dally lives, children dont begin to build vocabulary until well into theirsecond year. "Its no 30______that children learn words, but the words they tend to know are words linkedto 31______situations in the home," explains Schafer. "This is the first demonstration that we can choosewhat words the children will learn and that they can respond to them with an unfamiliar voice 32______in anunfamiliar setting. " Figuring out how humans acquire language may 33______why some children learn to read and writelater than others, Schafer says, and could lead to better treatments for developmental problems. Whatsmore, the study of language 34______offers direct insight into how humans learn. "Language is a test casefor human cognitive development," says Schafer. But parents eager to teach their infants should takenote : even without being taught new words, a control group 35______the other infants within a few months."This is not about advancing development," he says. "Its just about what children can do at an earlierage than what educators have often thought. 第(26)题__________
Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
Passage FiveIn every language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, consist of the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words with which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our familiar associates, and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write. They concern the common things of life, and are the goods in trade of all those who speak the language. Such words may be called "popular", since they belong to the whole people; and are not the exclusive possession of a limited class.On the other hand, our language includes a large number of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little occasion to use them at home or in the market-place. Our first acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's lips or from the talk of our school-mates, but from books that we read, lectures that we bear, or the more formal conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular topic in a style. raised above the habitual level of everyday life. Such words are called "learned". And the distinction between them and "popular" words is of great importance to a right understanding of the language.51. One class of words can be learned ______.A. through everyday lifeB. without too much practiceC. from popular songsD. with a dictionary in one's hand
Animals other than humans have not developed communications comparable to human language. But is it possible that other animals have the capacity to learn a language if they are adequately taught? Obviously, this is a fascination notion. The idea of communicating directly with another species has long been a part of human folklore and children’s fantasies. But on a scientific level, the question of whether animals can learn a language is important primarily because it relates to the controversy()between the cognitive and the learning approaches to language. If language is dependent on and is actually an outgrowth of the intellectual structure of the human mind, there is the strong supposition that only humans are capable of using language. Therefore, Noam Chomsky and other psycholinguists have argued that only humans can learn a language, while most behaviorists feel that with sufficient patience it should be possible to teach an animal some sort of language. Although the two schools of thought clearly differ on this point, it is not really a crucial test of the two theories. If a chimpanzee can master a simple language all it would mean is that the chimp’s intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to ours than we thought. It would not necessarily imply that our intellectual structure is unimportant in our own mastery of language. Thus, teaching an animal language is an impressive demonstration of the power of learning techniques, but it is not evidence that language is developed entirely through learning.On the other hand, the question of whether other animals can learn a language is fascination in its own right, aside from its value as a test of the two theories of language development. Accordingly, whatever one’s position on the theoretical dispute, we must consider training an animal to use language a dramatic accomplishment.36.Which of the following statements is the view of psycholinguists?A. The cognitive view of language learning says that only human beings can learn language because it is an outgrowth of the structure of the human mind.B. Other animals simply could master a language.C. The animals intellectual capacity is much better than human beings.D. Language is developed by learning.37.The behaviorists’ view is that __________.A. language is actually an outgrowth of intellectual structure of the animal’s mindB. animals have not developed communications systemC. given enough patience, a man should be able to teach an animal some sort of languageD. only human beings can learn language38.That an animal can master a simple language means that __________.A. human’s intellectual structure is not importantB. animals’ intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to the humans’C. the learning techniques are much more importantD. language is developed completely by learning39.The main idea of paragraph two is ___________.A. teaching a chimp language is not crucial test of the two theoriesB. their brain structure is not similar to humanC. using various methods to let the chimp master a languageD. training a nonhuman to use language is an amazing accomplishment40.The best title for this passage would be _________.A. Animals’ languageB. Human’s languageC. Teaching Animals’ LanguageD. Can Other Animals Acquire Language?
Which of the following can be said to be the smallest meaningful unit of language A LettersB MorphemesC WordsD Sentences
It is always interesting to visit another country,especially for those who have never travelled a great deal Foreign(1) can be very educational for anyone if he is interested enough to make preparations beforehand.Learning the language of the new country would be difficult for the traveler,(2) benefits of such an ef fort would become obvious immediately on his arrival.It way not seem important to him when he comfortably stays at home, but knowing how to order a meal or book a room is necessary for the newcomer in a strange country.Without knowing the language, it is very difficult (3) the stranger to understand the people of the new country and their customers.Of course, in our small world it is of ten possible to find someone who understands our own, but this is only second-best for the traveler.To be sure, he can see places and things without the use of a language, but places and things (4) not the heart of any country.To get the greatest benef it from a trip(5)another country, it is how important for the visitor to have an understanding of the language.(完型填空)A.TravelB.AreC.ForD.ButE.To
For any Englishman there can never be any discussion as to who is the world's greatest writer. Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him：that of William Shakespeare.Every Englishman has some knowledge of his work. All of us use words and phrases from Shakespeare's writings that have become a part of the English-speaking people.Shakespeare, more perhaps than any other writer, made full use of the English language. Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal employment of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousand!There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman!) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare uses it. Such a study is well worth the effort (it is not, of course, recommended to beginners), even though some aspects of English usage, and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeare's day.1). From the first two sentences of the passage we can conclude that ________.A. it can't be discussed about who is the world's greatest dramatistB. Shakespeare is regarded as the greatest writerC. Englishmen like to discuss about who is the world's greatest writerD. it can't be discussed about who is the world's greatest poet2). According to the passage many English words and phrases that we use today are from _____.A. EnglishmenB. English speaking peopleC. Shakespeare's worksD. ancient people3). To learn the richness of the English language, people should ______.A. write and read moreB. be glad to be a foreignerC. learn from an English manD. read Shakespeare's plays4). The author does not suggest beginners reading Shakespeare's plays probably because _____.A. only Englishmen can understand his playsB. some of English usage and the meaning of many words have changedC. the works are too difficult for a beginnerD. the works are for native speakers5). In this passage the author wants to _______.A. tell how great a writer Shakespeare isB. tell that some aspects of English usage have changed since Shakespeare's dayC. tell that some English words are out of use nowD. show the richness of English language
Curiosity is not only a possible motivation，it is also a great help in your learning languages. Remember that a language is not (11)______ a grammatical system. It is the (12)______ of a certain culture of different cultures. It is no good (13)______ strings of words and lists of grammatical rules (14)______ you know as much as possible about the background of the language，so that you can understand the ideas conveyed and the references made，as well as the inferences which can (15)______ the information clearly given. so learn as much as you can about the different cultures which (16)______ English-watch television programs，listen to the radio，try to obtain (17)______ and magazines written by native speakers，look at advertisements，and，above all，read-not textbooks， (18)______ novels，poems and plays. They will show you how a language is (19)______ used. The English language is a living form. of expression which derives much of its (20)______ from the context. and much of its effect from a whole network of extra-linguistic knowledge.(11)A．justB．evenC．soD．that
Which of the following assumptions fails to describe the nature of vocabulary or vocabularylearningA.Words are best learned in context.B.A lexical item can be more than one word.C.All words in one language have equivalents in another.D.Learning a word includes learning its form, meaning and use.
共用题干Language and InfantsHow important is language to young children?Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thirteenth century it may be.Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent.Within the first year,all the infants died.People realized clearly in this case that there was more than deprivation of language._______(46)Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such cruel deprivation is allowed to exist that ordered by Frederick.Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant,whose brain is programmed to mop up language rapidly.There are critical times,it seems,when children learn more readily._______(47)A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time,but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Linguists learn that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ (Intelligence Quotient).At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel-like sounds;at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands;at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words._______(48)Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak.What is special about Man's brain,compared with that of the monkey,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a teddy-bear with the sound pattern"teddy-bear"._______ (49)But speech has to be triggered,and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the cues and signals in the child's babbling,clinging,grasping,crying,smiling,and responds to them._______(50)Sensitivity to the children's non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development of language.________（48）A:At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences,and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.B:What was missing was good mothering.C:Lots of information about benefits of baby signing and best ways to go about it can be found.D:Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.E:If these sensitive periods are neglected,the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.F:And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the hubbub of sound around him,to analyze,to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways.
高中英语?词汇一、考题回顾题目来源1月5日 下午 太原市 面试考题试讲题目1.题目：2.内容：I am always the first one to get to the office. Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day.Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters.By around eight o'clock,I usually find some time to do my own paperwork and answer some personal e-mail.3.基本要求：(1)十分钟全英试讲(2)讲解划线处词汇答辩题目What will you do if students can’t understand the words you explain?二、考题解析【教案】Teaching aims:Knowledge aim:Students are able to master the meaning and the usage of underlined words and know the relative words and phrases:get to, take up, be filled with,arrive in/at, occupy,occupation,be full ofAbility aims:(1) Students can guess the meaning of new words and phrases while reading(2)After this lesson, students can learn how to use these and relative words and phrases to describe their daily life.Emotional aim:Students are able to love learning English after this lesson.Key and difficult point:Key Point: master the meaning and the usage of new words and phrases :get to, take up, be filled with,arrive in/at, occupy,occupation,be full ofDifficult Point: understand the meaning of the new words and phrases and use them in their daily life.Teaching procedures:Step 1: Warming-up1. Greetings.2. Play a video about a person who is busy with his work life and ask students several questions:What can you see from this video?Can you describe information in detail using your own language?Step 2: Presentation1. Present the paragraph on the PPT. And then ask students to read this passage to guess the meaning of underlined words and phrases. Give students 5 minutes to discuss in the group. And Invite students to give the answers.2.Then paraphrase these words in English using the pictures. For example, get to means arrive in/at or reach. If something takes up a particular amount of time, space, or effort, it uses that amount. At the same time, present a picture with a man coming the office through the door.3. Besides introduce the relative phrases, such as take over, take on, take in and so on.Step 3: Practice1.Make sentences: ask students to make sentences using the new words. Then correct the grammar mistakes and give the positive feedbacks.2.Make up a new story: Give students several pictures in disorder and ask them to describe these pictures using the sentences which concludes the new words that have just learnt. Then rank these sentences into a new story. Give students 5 minutes to discuss with their deskmates and then invite several students to share their stories.Step4: Production1. Discussion: Ask students to use the words and expressions learnt to describe their daily life with their partner. After 5 minutes, invite several students to share their daily life.2. Survey: Ask students to make a survey about your classmates’ daily life using three questions in the group. Four person in one group and finish the chart in 10 minutes.Then invite the representatives to make a report for the whole class.1.What will you do if students can’t understand the words you explain?2. Do you have the experience in teaching?
共用题干Transport and Trade1. Transport is one of the aids to trade.By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce,transport adds to their value.The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer,the better for trade.When there were no railways,no good roads,no canals,and only small sailing ships,trade was on a small scale.2. The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade.Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand,for instance.Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business,drawing supplies from,and selling goods to,all parts of the globe.Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods were delivered to their homes.Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.3. Transport also prevents waste.Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns.Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally.Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.4. By moving fuel,raw materials,and even power,for example,through electric cables,transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes,the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be earned. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.5. Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information .Means of communication,like telephones,cables and radio,send information about prices,supplies,and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way,advanced communication systems also help to develop trade. In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as______.A:to send goods to various parts of the worldB:at any time during the yearC:has greatly promoted tradeD:is it possible to produce on a large scaleE:the transport of goodsF:it is possible to produce on a large scale
共用题干Transport and Trade1. Transport is one of the aids to trade.By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce,transport adds to their value.The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer,the better for trade.When there were no railways,no good roads,no canals,and only small sailing ships,trade was on a small scale.2. The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade.Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand,for instance.Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business,drawing supplies from,and selling goods to,all parts of the globe.Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods were delivered to their homes.Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.3. Transport also prevents waste.Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns.Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally.Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.4. By moving fuel,raw materials,and even power,for example,through electric cables,transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes,the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be earned. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.5. Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information .Means of communication,like telephones,cables and radio,send information about prices,supplies,and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way,advanced communication systems also help to develop trade. Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want______.A:to send goods to various parts of the worldB:at any time during the yearC:has greatly promoted tradeD:is it possible to produce on a large scaleE:the transport of goodsF:it is possible to produce on a large scale
共用题干Transport and Trade1. Transport is one of the aids to trade.By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce,transport adds to their value.The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer,the better for trade.When there were no railways,no good roads,no canals,and only small sailing ships,trade was on a small scale.2. The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade.Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand,for instance.Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business,drawing supplies from,and selling goods to,all parts of the globe.Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods were delivered to their homes.Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.3. Transport also prevents waste.Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns.Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally.Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.4. By moving fuel,raw materials,and even power,for example,through electric cables,transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes,the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be earned. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.5. Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information .Means of communication,like telephones,cables and radio,send information about prices,supplies,and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way,advanced communication systems also help to develop trade. Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly______.A:to send goods to various parts of the worldB:at any time during the yearC:has greatly promoted tradeD:is it possible to produce on a large scaleE:the transport of goodsF:it is possible to produce on a large scale
Grammar is a description of the（）of a language and the way in which linguistic units such as words and phrases are combined to produce sentences in the language.
Language is p（）in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.
单选题Which of the following does the author mention as a possible disadvantage of telecommuting ?ASmall children cannot understand the boundaries of work and play.BComputer technology is never advanced enough to accommodate the needs of every situation.CElectrical malfunctions can destroy a project.DThe worker often does not have all the needed resources at home.
问答题Language exists to communicate whatever it can communicate. Some things it communicates so badly that we never attempt to communicate them by words if any other medium is available. Those who think they are testing a boy’ s “elementary” command of English by asking him to describe in words how one ties one’ s tie or what a pair of scissors is like, are far astray. For precisely what language can hardly do at all, and never does well, is to inform us about complex physical shapes and movements
问答题Language exists to communicate whatever it can communicate. Some things it communicates so badly that we never attempt to communicate them by words if any other medium is available. Those who think they are testing a boy’s “elementary” command of English by asking him to describe in words how one ties one’s tie or what a pair of scissors is like, are far astray. For precisely what language can hardly do at all, and never does well, is to inform us about complex physical shapes and movements. Hence descriptions of such things in the ancient writers are nearly always unintelligible. Hence we never in real life voluntarily use language for this purpose; we draw a diagram or go through pantomimic gestures. The exercises which such examiners set are no more a test of “elementary” linguistic competence than the most difficult bit of trick—riding from the circus ring is a test of elementary horsemanship. Another grave limitation of language is that it cannot, like music or gesture, do more than one thing at once. However the words in a great poet’s phrase interanimate one other and strike the mind as quasi-instantaneous chord, yet, strictly speaking, each word must be read or heard before the next. That way, language is as unilinear as time. Hence, in narrative, the great difficulty of presenting a very complicated change which happens suddenly. If we do justice to the complexity, the time the reader must take over the passage will destroy the feeling of suddenness. If we get in the suddenness we shall not be able to get in the complexity. One of the most important and effective uses of language is the emotional. It is also, of course, wholly legitimate. We do not talk only in order to reason or to inform. We have to make love and quarrel, to propitiate and pardon, to rebuke, to console, intercede, and a rouse. “He that complains,” said Johnson, “acts like a man, like a social being.” The real objection lies not against the language of emotion as such, but against language which, being in reality emotional, masquerades—whether by plain hypocrisy or subtle self-deceit—as being something else.
填空题Grammar is a description of the（）of a language and the way in which linguistic units such as words and phrases are combined to produce sentences in the language.
单选题Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____.Ahow people produce and recognize possible sentencesBwhat constitutes the grammaticality of strings of wordsChow words and phrases form sentencesDAll of the above
填空题Language is p（）in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.
单选题Which of the following assumptions fails to describe the nature of vocabulary or vocabulary learning?AWords are best learned in context.BA lexical item can be more than one word.CAll words in one language have equivalents in another.DLearning a word includes learning its form, meaning and use.
问答题Despite the basic biological, chemical, and physical similarities found in all living things, a diversity of life exists not only among and between species but also within every natural population. The phenomenon of diversity has had a long history of study because so many of the variations that exist in nature are visible to the eye. 1) It has been suggested that sexual reproduction became the dominant type of reproduction among organisms because of its inherent advantage of variability, which is the mechanism that enables a species to adjust to changing conditions.New variations are potentially present in genetic differences, but how preponderant a variation becomes in a gene pool depends upon the number of offspring the mutants or variants produce (differential reproduction). 2)It is possible for a genetic novelty (new variation) to spread in time to all members of a population, especially if the novelty enhances the population’s chances for survival in the environment in which it exists.Thus, when a species is introduced into a new habitat, it either adapts to the change by natural selection or by some other evolutionary mechanism or else it eventually dies off. Because each new habitat means new adaptations, habitat changes have been responsible for the millions of different kinds of species and for the heterogeneity within each species. The total number of animal and plant species is estimated at between 2,000,000 and 4,500,000; authoritative estimates of the number of extinct species range from 15,000,000 up to 16,000,000,000. 3)Although the use of classification as a means of producing some kind of order out of this staggering number of different types of organisms appears as early as the book of Genesis—with references to cattle, beasts, fowl, creeping things, trees, etc.—the first scientific attempt at classification is attributed to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, who tried to establish a system that would indicate the relationship of all things to each other.He arranged everything along a scale, or “ladder of nature”, with nonliving things at the bottom; plants were placed below animals, and man was at the top. 4)Other schemes that have been used for grouping species include large anatomical similarities, such as wings or fins, which indicate a natural relationship, and also similarities in reproductive structures. 5)At the present time taxonomy is based on two major assumptions: one is that similar body construction can be used as a criterion for a classification grouping; the other is that, in addition to structural similarities, evolutionary and molecular relationships between organisms can be used as a means for determining classification.