问答题Most linguists are convinced that the ability to speak, while uniquely human, is simply a combination of A Bcognitive skills that have been passed on to our species through evolution. No error C D E
问答题
Most linguists are convinced that the ability to speak, while uniquely human, is simply a combination of A Bcognitive skills that have been passed on to our species through evolution. No error C D E
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根据下列材料请回答 1～20 题：From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankind' s future 3and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is4for our ability to produce and use language. They 5thatour highly evolved brain provides us 6an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually,9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore, there are critical10 times for language development.Current11 of the innateness theory are mixed; however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15of their first language have become firmly fixed.16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child' s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.第 1 题A． generatedB． evolvedC． bornD． originated
EEvery day we experiencc one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it It is not the amszing complexity of television. Nor the impressive tcchnology of transport The universal wonder we share andExperience is our ability to make noises with our mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other’s minds. This ability comes so naturally that tend to forget what a miracle（奇迹）it is.Obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing. Birds can fly thousands of miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Nature’s went show, humans are a species of animal that have deve pod their own special act. If we reduce it to basie ferms, it’s a ability for communicating information to ther by varying sounds we make as we breathe out.Not the to don’t have other powers of communication. Our facia. expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or jout or disappointment. The way we hold our beads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is so-called “body language”. Bristling(直立的)fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals. Similarly, the bowed bead or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering.Such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skill? Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function, but this doesn’t tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history.72.According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is____ .A.our ability to use languageB.the mintle of technalayC.the miaole power of natureD.our canlity to make noises with mouth
Many of our most deeply ______ opinions are held simply as a result of the fact that we happen to have been “brought up”to them.A: rootedB: rootC: rootingD: roots
The loss of biological diversity has become most spectacularly noticeable in extinction or decline of populations of large and well-known animals.Many animal species have become extinct since the 1700’s, among them the California grizzly bear, the dodo, and the passenger pigeon.Hundreds of other animal species are threatened.In North America, endangered species include the black-footed ferret, the California condor, the desert tortoise, and the whooping crane.Most species in danger of extinction anywhere in the world are suffering from the intrusion (侵入) of human beings.The Asian elephant, for example, has become an endangered species due to the expansion of the human population throughout its range in southern Asia.In Africa, the African elephants are being killed off for their tusks.Monkeys and other primates throughout the world are threatened by hunting, capture for medical use, and the destruction of their habitats.And the rhinoceroses, lions, and other large mammals of the African savanna (grassy plains with scattered trees) compete for land and life with some of the most rapidly growing human populations in the world.The loss of biological diversity is most severe, however, in the tropical rain forests.The forests of the tropics are particularly vulnerable to disturbance because the soils have a low capacity for retaining nutrients.Most of the forests’ nutrient elements are held in the tissues of plants.When loggers and farmers destroy existing plant cover, the nutrients are washed from the land into streams, and the land itself becomes less able to support life.Destruction of these forests destroys the habitat of hundreds, sometimes thousands, of species from such creatures as the howler monkey and indigo macaw, to less visible species of plants, insects, and microbes, many of which are not yet known to science.1.The author points out that species extinction ().A.is most noticeable in North AmericaB.is mainly taking place among large animalsC.quickened with industrialization of the societyD.never took place before the 1700’s2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned with regard to human intrusion?A.Elephants are killed off for their tusksB.Some primates are hunted for medical useC.Growing human population results in the competition for land and life among animalsD.Men live increasingly on animals as their source of food.3.The chief cause of the gradual disappearance of biological diversity is ().A.human crueltyB.human interferenceC.the increase of human populationD.the disappearance of the forests4.In tropical forests，().A.animals live a hard life due to competitionB.a lot of species die out for lack of foodC.rains constitute the major threat to speciesD.a greater number of animals are yet to be known5.It can be inferred that species extinction ().A.proceeds of a faster rate than noticeableB.is the worst among well-known animalsC.is the most severe in AfricaD.is chiefly due to competition among species
Text 4Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community from all others that belong to a different tradition.The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study more other societies than our own. For its purposes any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own, though it may be that of the Sea Dyaks, and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologist, our customs and those of a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for dealing with a common problem, arid in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other, lie is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to understand the way in which these cultures change and differentiated, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the individuals.Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior. at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior. more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.36. According to the passage, we can say that anthropology ______.A)can deal with human beings as one group of the creatures in the living worldB) can reveal an enormous diversity of traditionsC) can provide insights into the relationship between human beings and natureD) can distinguish the human race from other creatures
Several users have recently been calling the helpdesk about a recent network outage. These calls have increased in the last hour and are all by different users calling about the same issue. Which of the following types of communication skills should the helpdesk technicians MOST likely exercise while answering each call? （）A. Talk to co-workers while interacting with customers to help diagnose the issuesB. Be culturally sensitiveC. Provide each user with a complete, detailed report of the current outage statusD. Listen and do not interrupt a customer and then provide a brief status update
Our__________ sensitivity decreases with age． By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds．A.sensibleB.senselessC.sensitiveD.sensory
Our ______ sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.A.sensibleB.senselessC.sensitiveD.sensory
Many linguists believe that evolution is（ ）for our ability to produce and use language.They claim that our highly evolved brain provides us with an innate language ability not found in lower organisms.A.reliableB.responsibleC.availableD.accountable
Questions 76-79 refer to the following advertisement.BONDHAM INTERNATIONALBondham International, one of the leading real estate firm in the world, has been in business for over 50 years. We began our business by specializing in residential sales, primarily in Australia. Over time, our business has grown to include property rental and management services in locations throughout the world. We now sell, and manage over 15000 commercial and residential properties, and our global network includes employees in Australia, Canada, England, Kenya, and Mexico. We have won numerous industry awards, and our firm has been named one of the top ten international real estate firms by the World Association of Property Management.In our effort to provide the highest quality service available, we have made significant investments in staff training. As a result, our sales agents offer a wealth of real estate expertise that our clients can always rely on. In addition, through market research and customer satisfaction surveys, we have been able to fulfill client expectations by consistently delivering the highest quality of service.Whether you have interested in selling a home,purchasing a commercial property, or simply obtaining expert real estate advice, Bondham International can respond effectively to your needs. Learn more about our firm by visiting our Website, www.bondhaminternational.co.au.What is stated about Bondham International?A. Most of its work is done online.B. The staff works only in Australia.C. Its prices are the lowest in the industry.D. It has expanded over the years.
Friends might not be always trust-worthy, but dogs are; they have long been regarded as the most( )company of human beings.A.reliableB.regularC.reluctantD.religious
The problems that you () have been brought to the attention of our housekeeping department. While A.have been mentioned B.mentioned C.mentions D.mentioning
Passage FourThediscovery of a dwarfed（矮个子）"humanbeing"who lived in Flores,Indonesia,up to 18,000 years ago is changingthe way we think about the human family.This"Flores Human"was threefoot tall and her brain was smaller than that of the average chimp（黑猩猩）,yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives.They seem to have made tools,worked together to find food and cook it,andperhaps even burried their dead with ceremony.It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the newhuman family member.The tools are like those formerly seen only with Europeanfossils（化石）from our own species;Homo sapiens（智人）;and the oldest of them were made 9,400 years ago.Homo sapiens isthought to have arrived in the island about 4,000 years ago,much too late tobe responsible for the tools.If this tiny human made the tools,then theinside structure（结构）of its brain must have been morelike our own than a chimp′s,despite being just a third the size of ours.This"new human"was suspected to be a dwarfed branch ofHomo erectus（直立人,）.When creatures are separated in regionswith rare resources but few enemies,being big is a disadvantage,and evolutiontends to shrink them,a process known as island dwarfing.Could naturalselection make a human smaller while keeping--even improving--mental ability?Quite possibly,believes Christopher Wills of the University of California.Has the"Flores Human"even shown the ability oflanguage?"I find it difficult to imagine that people could make tools,use fire,and kill large animals without fairly advanced communication,"Wills says.Did"Flores Human"possess the basic components of humanculture--such as the burying of the dead with ceremony?Emiliano Bruner of theItalian Institute points out that Indonesia′s hot,wet environment is bad forfossilization.It is reasonable to assume,he says,that the 18,000-year-oldbones of the most complete Flores woman were well-preserved because she wasburied with special care.According to the passage,it isbelieved that"Flores Human"__A.was dwarfed by its enemiesB.could use languageC.left a lot of fossils in the hot andwet environmentD.reached Flores 40,000 years ago
Passage FourThediscovery of a dwarfed（矮个子）"humanbeing"who lived in Flores,Indonesia,up to 18,000 years ago is changingthe way we think about the human family.This"Flores Human"was threefoot tall and her brain was smaller than that of the average chimp（黑猩猩）,yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives.They seem to have made tools,worked together to find food and cook it,andperhaps even burried their dead with ceremony.It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the newhuman family member.The tools are like those formerly seen only with Europeanfossils（化石）from our own species;Homo sapiens（智人）;and the oldest of them were made 9,400 years ago.Homo sapiens isthought to have arrived in the island about 4,000 years ago,much too late tobe responsible for the tools.If this tiny human made the tools,then theinside structure（结构）of its brain must have been morelike our own than a chimp′s,despite being just a third the size of ours.This"new human"was suspected to be a dwarfed branch ofHomo erectus（直立人,）.When creatures are separated in regionswith rare resources but few enemies,being big is a disadvantage,and evolutiontends to shrink them,a process known as island dwarfing.Could naturalselection make a human smaller while keeping--even improving--mental ability?Quite possibly,believes Christopher Wills of the University of California.Has the"Flores Human"even shown the ability oflanguage?"I find it difficult to imagine that people could make tools,use fire,and kill large animals without fairly advanced communication,"Wills says.Did"Flores Human"possess the basic components of humanculture--such as the burying of the dead with ceremony?Emiliano Bruner of theItalian Institute points out that Indonesia′s hot,wet environment is bad forfossilization.It is reasonable to assume,he says,that the 18,000-year-oldbones of the most complete Flores woman were well-preserved because she wasburied with special care.According to the passage,"Flores Human"__A.lived a partly human lifeB.was a branch of Homo sapiensC.used tools before Homo sapiens arrivedD.had a brain as large as a commonchimp's
Passage FourThediscovery of a dwarfed（矮个子）"humanbeing"who lived in Flores,Indonesia,up to 18,000 years ago is changingthe way we think about the human family.This"Flores Human"was threefoot tall and her brain was smaller than that of the average chimp（黑猩猩）,yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives.They seem to have made tools,worked together to find food and cook it,andperhaps even burried their dead with ceremony.It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the newhuman family member.The tools are like those formerly seen only with Europeanfossils（化石）from our own species;Homo sapiens（智人）;and the oldest of them were made 9,400 years ago.Homo sapiens isthought to have arrived in the island about 4,000 years ago,much too late tobe responsible for the tools.If this tiny human made the tools,then theinside structure（结构）of its brain must have been morelike our own than a chimp′s,despite being just a third the size of ours.This"new human"was suspected to be a dwarfed branch ofHomo erectus（直立人,）.When creatures are separated in regionswith rare resources but few enemies,being big is a disadvantage,and evolutiontends to shrink them,a process known as island dwarfing.Could naturalselection make a human smaller while keeping--even improving--mental ability?Quite possibly,believes Christopher Wills of the University of California.Has the"Flores Human"even shown the ability oflanguage?"I find it difficult to imagine that people could make tools,use fire,and kill large animals without fairly advanced communication,"Wills says.Did"Flores Human"possess the basic components of humanculture--such as the burying of the dead with ceremony?Emiliano Bruner of theItalian Institute points out that Indonesia′s hot,wet environment is bad forfossilization.It is reasonable to assume,he says,that the 18,000-year-oldbones of the most complete Flores woman were well-preserved because she wasburied with special care.This passage mainly talks about__A.the tools made by"FloresHuman"B.the language used by"FloresHuman"C.the evolution of"FloresHuman"D.the major surprising findings about"Flores Human"
Passage FourThediscovery of a dwarfed（矮个子）"humanbeing"who lived in Flores,Indonesia,up to 18,000 years ago is changingthe way we think about the human family.This"Flores Human"was threefoot tall and her brain was smaller than that of the average chimp（黑猩猩）,yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives.They seem to have made tools,worked together to find food and cook it,andperhaps even burried their dead with ceremony.It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the newhuman family member.The tools are like those formerly seen only with Europeanfossils（化石）from our own species;Homo sapiens（智人）;and the oldest of them were made 9,400 years ago.Homo sapiens isthought to have arrived in the island about 4,000 years ago,much too late tobe responsible for the tools.If this tiny human made the tools,then theinside structure（结构）of its brain must have been morelike our own than a chimp′s,despite being just a third the size of ours.This"new human"was suspected to be a dwarfed branch ofHomo erectus（直立人,）.When creatures are separated in regionswith rare resources but few enemies,being big is a disadvantage,and evolutiontends to shrink them,a process known as island dwarfing.Could naturalselection make a human smaller while keeping--even improving--mental ability?Quite possibly,believes Christopher Wills of the University of California.Has the"Flores Human"even shown the ability oflanguage?"I find it difficult to imagine that people could make tools,use fire,and kill large animals without fairly advanced communication,"Wills says.Did"Flores Human"possess the basic components of humanculture--such as the burying of the dead with ceremony?Emiliano Bruner of theItalian Institute points out that Indonesia′s hot,wet environment is bad forfossilization.It is reasonable to assume,he says,that the 18,000-year-oldbones of the most complete Flores woman were well-preserved because she wasburied with special care.The underlined part"this tinyhuman"in Paragraph 2 refers to__A.a chimpB.Flores HumanC.Homo sapiensD.Homo erectus
It may be pointed out that warfare（战争）as practiced by man has no parallel in nature,This is to say that within the more highly developed animal populations of this earth,there is not now.nor has there been similar destruction within a species（物种）itself.In fact,one has to go to the lowliest forms of animal life,such as certain kinds of ants,to find anything comparable to human warfare.It is a curious fact that mankind appears to give the killing of his own kind a good reason by imaging that it is a"law of nature".There are now a lot of wrong ideas about the laws of nature,of which this is one of the most incorrect and fateful（致命的）.Political beliefs have been based upon it with results that have come near to destroying human civilization.The theory that war is a biological necessity.that it is nature′s method of controlling population and believing in the survival（生存）of the strong and the elimination（灭亡）of the weak,is totally wrong and insupportable.Within the last century.when wars have been common all over the world,the human population of the earth has almost doubled.The main idea of this passage isA.warfare is a"law of nature"B.warfare is not a"law of nature"C.warfare does not control human populationD.none of the lowlier animals,except ants,practice warfare upon their own species
From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind’s future 3 and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development. Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed. 16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.请在8处填上正确答案（）A、potentialB、performanceC、preferenceD、passion
Several users have recently been calling the helpdesk about a recent network outage. These calls have increased in the last hour and are all by different users calling about the same issue. Which of the following types of communication skills should the helpdesk technicians MOST likely exercise while answering each call? （）A、Talk to co-workers while interacting with customers to help diagnose the issuesB、Be culturally sensitiveC、Provide each user with a complete, detailed report of the current outage statusD、Listen and do not interrupt a customer and then provide a brief status update
问答题Sometimes it is interpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really counts in your career. Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be good listener, to be sensitive toward others’ needs, to take criticism well. People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes, and take their share of blame, which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error. That is why many mediocre employees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent are being laid off.
单选题The statement language acquisition might be our best hope (lines 68-69) means that ______.Athe ability to speak is a great asset to the survival of the human speciesBstudying how language is learned will help answer deeper questions about psychologyCthe study of linguistics is helping to make cognitive science a more popular subjectDan individual who does not learn to speak will not develop cognitive skillsEcognitive science has been given little notice until now
单选题Many great scientists and inventors of the past, such as Nikola Tesla, has possessed the ability of extraordinary, visualization skills that enabled them to analyze the most minute details of complex machines before the devices were even constructed.Ahas possessed the ability of extraordinary visualization skillsBhave been able to possess extraordinary visualization skillsCpossessed skills in visualization that was extraordinaryDpossessed extraordinary visualization skillsEpossessed skills of visualizing that was extraordinary
问答题Don’t Blame DNA The really critical implication of the discovery still lies with the door that geneticists have opened on the environmental influences of our behaviour, our personalities and our health, 1 and with the critical blow it strikes on the idea of biological determinism. For the past decade, the public has witnessed a rising epidemic of tales of discoveries of genes that dispose humanity to homosexuality, to alcoholism, to political persuasion, to running ability, and to artistic taste. But even before yesterday’s revelations by Venter, scientists had stopped believing in the gay gene. Yet belief in its existence still persists among the public. The assault on biological determinism that geneticists have now triggered will be timely, and will prove that human nature is a lot more complex and intriguing than determinists have given it credit for. Even more importantly, the discovery has critical implications for our understanding of idea of free will. It has become increasingly fashionable for individuals particularly in the United States to blame actions and crimes on the influence of their genes. Consider the following story. A young American woman, Glenda Sue Caldwell, was convicted of killing her child and was jailed for life. Only later did she begin to display the symptoms of Huntington’s Disease, an inherited brain disorder that produces horrific delusions and uncontrolled movements. Claiming she was a victim of her genes, the woman was cleared on appeal. Since then, several other U.S. defendants accused of violent crimes have argued that they too were innocent victims of their genes. They were not responsible for their actions. Their genes were. None of these people have yet succeeded in persuading courts of their innocence and their genes’ guilt. Most lawyers felt such an outcome was nevertheless inevitable. In other words, genetic predestination could soon have been used to excuse murder or robbery—if it had not been for this discovery that we lack the genes to thus dispose us! Kevin Davies is the author of The Sequence, a story of the human genome race11. He said, “There has been a recent study on perfect pitch, the ability to know the absolute pitch of a musical note, that strongly suggests that is acquired through the inheritance of a single gene.” “That may sound like a clear-cut piece of biological determinism. However, there is a crucial corollary: you have to be exposed to early musical training for the ability to materialize. 13 In other words, even in seemingly simple inherited abilities, nurture has a role to play.” And then there is the case quoted by Venter. “Everyone talks about a gene for this and that. But it is not like that. Take the example of colon cancer. People say there is a gene that predisposes us to the disease. And certainly it runs in families. It is caused by an inherited weakness in one gene that controls DNA repair in other genes. 14 But that gene is found in cells in every part of the body. However, it is only the colon where we find all sorts of toxins and bacteria that provide the harsh circumstances that cause that gene to finally break down and for cancer to spread.” In short, it is not a colon cancer gene but a gene that affects our ability to respond to the environment. And that, is what human nature is all about.
单选题As a result of the epidemic of AIDS in Africa, _____.Athe life span for most of the people has been reduced by 40 yearsBmost young people have been infected with human immunodeficiency virusCpeople will have to learn to live with the disease for over 50 yearsDthe achievements made in preserving people’s health in the past will be wiped off