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参考解析

解析:
assumed。考点:动词。分析句子结构可知,该句缺少谓语,且空格前为助动词had,故应填入动词的过去分析形式,构成过去完成时。对于科学研究,步骤一般是先假设,然后通过证据和事实来证实;因此根据下一句中“much more careful observation has shown(更详细的观察已经显示)”,assume“假定,假设”,符合句意,故选A项。

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