共用题干The FamilyThe structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently,the most common form in North America was the nuclear family,consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one anoth-er. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America,the elderly often do not live with the family;they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies,such as North America,and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits,who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh condi-tions,mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans,the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time,the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents,mother and father,brothers and sisters,uncles,aunts,and cousins. In North America today,there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced,separated,or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family,not just in North America,but throughout the world,continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly throughA: listing statistics B: telling a storyC: pointing out similarities D: pointing out differences
共用题干
The Family
The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently,the most common form in North America was the nuclear family,consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one anoth-er. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America,the elderly often do not live with the family;they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.
There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies,such as North America,and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits,who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh condi-tions,mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans,the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.
The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time,the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents,mother and father,brothers and sisters,uncles,aunts,and cousins. In North America today,there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced,separated,or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family,not just in North America,but throughout the world,continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.
The Family
The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently,the most common form in North America was the nuclear family,consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one anoth-er. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America,the elderly often do not live with the family;they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.
There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies,such as North America,and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits,who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh condi-tions,mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans,the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.
The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time,the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents,mother and father,brothers and sisters,uncles,aunts,and cousins. In North America today,there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced,separated,or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family,not just in North America,but throughout the world,continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.
The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through
A: listing statistics
B: telling a story
C: pointing out similarities
D: pointing out differences
A: listing statistics
B: telling a story
C: pointing out similarities
D: pointing out differences
参考解析
解析：题干意为“下面哪个选项可以作为这篇短文另一个合适的标题？”该题为主旨题，短文开篇就提到了家庭结构，短文最后一句提到“不仅在北美洲，在全世界范围，家庭结构都会随着情况的不断变化而改变”，这也在谈论家庭结构，由此可见这篇短文的主题与家庭结构相关，由此可以进一步确认答案为A项“家庭的结构是什么”。
题干意为“核心家庭的定义是什么？”该题为细节题，第一段的第三句话对核心家庭进行了定义：Until recently,the most common form in North America was the nu-clear family, consisting of a married couple with their minor children．该句意为“在此以前，北美洲最普遍的家庭形式为核心家庭，由一对夫妇和他们未成年的孩子构成”。由此可知A项 “由一对夫妇和他们未成年的孩子构成的家庭”是答案。
题干意为“这篇文章最有可能出自哪里？”该题属于主旨题。该短文主题涉及家庭，因此最有可能出自人类学课本，所以A是正确的答案。
题干意为“第一段的信息主要以何种方式陈述的？”根据第一段的陈述方式，并没有列出数据（A项）或者讲故事（B项），而是通过描述共性而阐述出核心家庭的概念。因此C项“指出相似性”是正确的答案。
题干意为“mobility的词意是什么？”mobility是mobile“可移动的，机动的” 的名词形式。首先在短文中找到mobility存在的语境：（第二段）There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies, such as North America,and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits,who live inharsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions ,mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans, the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.mobility所在的上下文提到“核心家庭结构良好地适应于……的生活。在恶劣的条件下，……能让一个家庭吃饱饭，对北美洲人来说，找工作和提高社会地位同样需要……。”四个选项中，A项“金钱”,B项“随时准备迁居”,C项“组织，机构”,D项“技能，技巧”，显然B项“随时准备迁居”填入mobility所在的语境中合适，因此答案为B。
题干意为“核心家庭的定义是什么？”该题为细节题，第一段的第三句话对核心家庭进行了定义：Until recently,the most common form in North America was the nu-clear family, consisting of a married couple with their minor children．该句意为“在此以前，北美洲最普遍的家庭形式为核心家庭，由一对夫妇和他们未成年的孩子构成”。由此可知A项 “由一对夫妇和他们未成年的孩子构成的家庭”是答案。
题干意为“这篇文章最有可能出自哪里？”该题属于主旨题。该短文主题涉及家庭，因此最有可能出自人类学课本，所以A是正确的答案。
题干意为“第一段的信息主要以何种方式陈述的？”根据第一段的陈述方式，并没有列出数据（A项）或者讲故事（B项），而是通过描述共性而阐述出核心家庭的概念。因此C项“指出相似性”是正确的答案。
题干意为“mobility的词意是什么？”mobility是mobile“可移动的，机动的” 的名词形式。首先在短文中找到mobility存在的语境：（第二段）There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies, such as North America,and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits,who live inharsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions ,mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans, the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.mobility所在的上下文提到“核心家庭结构良好地适应于……的生活。在恶劣的条件下，……能让一个家庭吃饱饭，对北美洲人来说，找工作和提高社会地位同样需要……。”四个选项中，A项“金钱”,B项“随时准备迁居”,C项“组织，机构”,D项“技能，技巧”，显然B项“随时准备迁居”填入mobility所在的语境中合适，因此答案为B。