共用题干第二篇Exercise and BrainJust as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs,bones and muscles,it may also power up the brain.A succession of scientific studies of animals implies that physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning."It's clear that the brain benefits from exercise,"says brain scientist William Greenough of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity:Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel,and skill-based ex-ercise increases the formation of connections in the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scientists,may make the brain better able to process information.In one experiment,laboratory rats were separated into three groups.One group was exercised by running inside an automatic wheel,a second group improved their skills in a complicated obstacle course,and a third group was inactive."The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain connections than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups,"Greenough said."In contrast, the animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals."Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can, he says.And if the dance is a good physical exercise as well,the benefits multiply.Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise,suggested another of Greenough's experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young.And while animals aren't people,he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans.Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information.Measurements made by Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstrated that inactive adults,aged 63 to 82,could hit buttons faster in response to a tone after they went through a 10-week water exercise course.A corresponding control group that didn't exercise showed no improvement.Which statement about the experiment of lttboratory rats is correct?A:One group was exercised by running circles inside.B:One group was exercised in a complicated obstacle course outside.C:The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain cells than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups.D:The animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals.
共用题干
第二篇
Exercise and Brain
Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs,bones and muscles,it may also power up the brain.A succession of scientific studies of animals implies that physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning.
"It's clear that the brain benefits from exercise,"says brain scientist William Greenough of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity:Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel,and skill-based ex-ercise increases the formation of connections in the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scientists,may make the brain better able to process information.
In one experiment,laboratory rats were separated into three groups.One group was exercised by running inside an automatic wheel,a second group improved their skills in a complicated obstacle course,and a third group was inactive.
"The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain connections than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups,"Greenough said."In contrast, the animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals."
Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can, he says.And if the dance is a good physical exercise as well,the benefits multiply.Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise,suggested another of Greenough's experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young.And while animals aren't people,he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans.
Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information.Measurements made by Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstrated that inactive adults,aged 63 to 82,could hit buttons faster in response to a tone after they went through a 10-week water exercise course.A corresponding control group that didn't exercise showed no improvement.
第二篇
Exercise and Brain
Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs,bones and muscles,it may also power up the brain.A succession of scientific studies of animals implies that physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning.
"It's clear that the brain benefits from exercise,"says brain scientist William Greenough of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity:Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel,and skill-based ex-ercise increases the formation of connections in the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scientists,may make the brain better able to process information.
In one experiment,laboratory rats were separated into three groups.One group was exercised by running inside an automatic wheel,a second group improved their skills in a complicated obstacle course,and a third group was inactive.
"The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain connections than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups,"Greenough said."In contrast, the animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals."
Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can, he says.And if the dance is a good physical exercise as well,the benefits multiply.Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise,suggested another of Greenough's experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young.And while animals aren't people,he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans.
Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information.Measurements made by Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstrated that inactive adults,aged 63 to 82,could hit buttons faster in response to a tone after they went through a 10-week water exercise course.A corresponding control group that didn't exercise showed no improvement.
Which statement about the experiment of lttboratory rats is correct?
A:One group was exercised by running circles inside.
B:One group was exercised in a complicated obstacle course outside.
C:The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain cells than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups.
D:The animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals.
A:One group was exercised by running circles inside.
B:One group was exercised in a complicated obstacle course outside.
C:The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain cells than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups.
D:The animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals.
参考解析
解析：选项A、B、C中提到的锻炼身体的好处在第一段均提到了，只有D项文中没有提到。因此选择D。
文章第二段第二句提到：高强度体育运动给大脑提供更多的燃料，而技巧性运动则增强大脑神经的联结。依照某些科学家的见解，这种联结能使大脑更好地处理信息。因此选择A项，而B项和C项是技巧性运动的功能，D项不符合文章意思。
文章第三段和第四段告诉我们选项A应该是。nning inside an automatic wheels；选项B文中没有提到是inside还是outside；选项C应该是a great number of brain connections；选项D是正确的。
文章第五段第一句告诉我们“学习一种新的舞蹈和学习一种语言一样，都能促进大脑发展。如果这种舞蹈还是一种良好的体育运动，则益处加倍”，因此A和B项都排除。根据文章第三段和第四段，我们知道只有being inactive inside不能促进大脑发展。
根据文章我们知道选项A里老鼠的实验结果应当可以应用到对人类的研究，因此是错误的；文章第五段告诉我们选项B的表述是正确的；文章第六段告诉我们“经常锻炼能提高大脑处理信息的速度”，但并没有说该实验结果不能应用于其他年龄段的人，因此是错误的；根据文章第二段我们知道两种锻炼对大脑会产生不同的影响，因此选项D也是错误的。
文章第二段第二句提到：高强度体育运动给大脑提供更多的燃料，而技巧性运动则增强大脑神经的联结。依照某些科学家的见解，这种联结能使大脑更好地处理信息。因此选择A项，而B项和C项是技巧性运动的功能，D项不符合文章意思。
文章第三段和第四段告诉我们选项A应该是。nning inside an automatic wheels；选项B文中没有提到是inside还是outside；选项C应该是a great number of brain connections；选项D是正确的。
文章第五段第一句告诉我们“学习一种新的舞蹈和学习一种语言一样，都能促进大脑发展。如果这种舞蹈还是一种良好的体育运动，则益处加倍”，因此A和B项都排除。根据文章第三段和第四段，我们知道只有being inactive inside不能促进大脑发展。
根据文章我们知道选项A里老鼠的实验结果应当可以应用到对人类的研究，因此是错误的；文章第五段告诉我们选项B的表述是正确的；文章第六段告诉我们“经常锻炼能提高大脑处理信息的速度”，但并没有说该实验结果不能应用于其他年龄段的人，因此是错误的；根据文章第二段我们知道两种锻炼对大脑会产生不同的影响，因此选项D也是错误的。
相关考题：
The scientists are exploring the area in hopes of finding new stores of underground oil,which can serve as an outlet for the energy crisis.A:styles B:vanetiesC:supplies D:shops
共用题干第一篇Gross National HappinessIn the last century,new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries.However,one country resisted these changes.High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia,the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however,was a poor country.People died at a young age.Most of its people could not read,and they did not know much about the outside world.Then,in 1972,a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern,but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas.He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross National Product(GNP).The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases,people say the country is making progress.King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan.He wanted to measure his country's progress by people's happiness.If the people's happiness increased,the king could say that Bhutan was making progress.To decide if people were happier,he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness.People are happier if they have health care, education,and jobs.They are happier when they live in a healthy,protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs.Finally,people are happier when they have agood,stable government.Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan.People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed.Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks,and the country has almost no pollution.The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs.Bhutan has also become a democracy.In 2008,King Wangchuck gave his power to his son.Although the country still had a king,it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time.Finally,Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress.Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.They want to create new policies that take care of their people,cultures,and land.Brazil may be the next country to use the principles of GNH.Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration.Brazil is a large country with a diverse population.If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil,perhaps the rest of the world will follow.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?A:A president.B:A Buddhist priest.C:A general.D:A king.
共用题干Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ ScoresYoung adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)The study involved 1 .2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born be-tween 1950 and 1976 .The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen,”says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular strength .We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahl-grenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case,physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.By enhancing physical fitness,one could improves the following EXCEPT_______.A: cognitive performanceB: heart capacityC: verbal comprehensionD: emotional behavior
共用题干13 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives,a new survey finds.The disorder leaves many isolated,ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help,the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.“Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense,persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations,”Jerilyn Ross,the association's president and CEO,said during a teleconference Wednesday.“The condition causes people to avoid common,everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves,”Ross said.Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance,Ross noted.“It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships,” she said.People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational,Ross noted. “But they feel powerless to do anything about it,”she said.Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens,Dr. Mark H.Pollack,director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,said during the teleconference.“This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on,”Pollack said.“The typical age of onset is early adolescence,age 12 or 13,and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood.”The disorder also has physical symptoms,including heart palpitations,feelings that their throat will close up,sweating,blushing,faintness,trembling and stammering,Ross said.Among people with the disorder,75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition,69 percent said they didn't want people to think they were crazy,and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition,Ross said.However,when the condition is diagnosed and treated,many reported improvement in their lives.In fact,59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship.In addition,39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help,Ross noted.It can be seen from the last paragraph that treatment of the disorder______.A: has no positive effect at allB: is unavailable to most sufferersC: tends to be refused by the sufferersD: can lead to improvement in the sufferers'lives
共用题干Teaching and Learning Medicine AwardTwo scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday,kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.Australian-born U.S.citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a Series of medical______(51)for their enzyme（酶）research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.Only seven women have______(52)the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were______(53) out in 1901.The last female winner was U.S.researcher Linda Buck in 2004,who______(54)the prize with Richard Axel.Among the pair's possible______(55)are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen,who______(56)up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors（核激素受体）.As usual,the award committee is giving no______(57)about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm's Karolinska Institute.Alfred Nobel,the Swede who______(58)dynamite（炸药）,established the prizes in his will in the ______(59)of medicine,physics,chemistry,literature and peace.The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden's central bank.Nobel left few instructions on how to______(60)winners,but medicine winners are typically______(61)for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.Hans Jornvall , secretary of the medicine prize committee , said the 10 million kronor（瑞典克朗）prize encourages______(62)research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists."Individual researchers probably don't______(63)at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they,re______(64)work,"Jornvall told the Associated Press-They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life______(65)."61._________A:awarded B:sentC:invitedD:demanded
共用题干Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a BoostEating potatoes is not only good for bowel health,but also for the whole immune system,espe- cially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold.In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large_________(51)of raw potato starch(RPS)not on-ly had a healthier bowel,but also decreased levels of white blood cells,________(52)as leuco- cytes and lymphocytes in their blood.White blood cells are produced as a_________(53)of in-fEammation or disease,generally when the body is challenged.The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect,a generally more_________(54)body.The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent.Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of_________(55)levels of in-flammation,but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density_________(56)lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.In_________(57)was the longest study of its kind,pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to _________(58)the effect of starch on bowel health.“The use of raw potato starch in this experi-ment is_________(59)to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch,”said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona,Spain.Humans do not eat_________(60)potatoes,but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resist-ant starch,such as cold boiled potatoes,legumes,grains,green bananas,pasta and cereals.About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch—starch that is not_________(61)in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments.Starch consumption is thought to reduce the_________(62)of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).Immunology expert Lena Ohman' s team_________(63)found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients,but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut,which support the hypothesis of lBS being_________(64)least partially an inflammato- ry disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interest-ing,and a diet of resistant starch may be worth_________(65)in lBS patients.Ohman is cur-rently at the Department of Internal Medicine,Goteborg University,Sweden.The study is pub-lished in the Journal Chemistry and Industry,the magazine of the SCI.55._________A: reducedB:.removedC: reflectedD:.recovered