共用题干Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,andYet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature，”says Hammond.Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word“shrink” appearing in para-graph 5?A: Broaden. B: Spread. C: Extend. D: Expand.
共用题干
Batteries Built by Viruses
What do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.
Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.
Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.
Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,and
Yet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature，”says Hammond.
Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.
How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.
Batteries Built by Viruses
What do chicken pox,the common cold,the flu,and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.
Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachu- setts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.
Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engi-neer Angela Beicher,who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT)in Cambridge,she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways.In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know about biology,technology and production techniques.
Beicher's team includes Paula Hammond,who helps put together the tiny batteries,and
Yet-Ming Chiang,an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery.“We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature，”says Hammond.
Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A,C and D batteries in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year,new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink,ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit in-side.
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now,Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viruses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.
How small are these battery parts?To get some idea of the size,pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is一 pretty thin,right?Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different,you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts,side to side,across one hair. These micro-batteries may change the way we look at viruses.
What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word“shrink” appearing in para-graph 5?
A: Broaden.
B: Spread.
C: Extend.
D: Expand.
A: Broaden.
B: Spread.
C: Extend.
D: Expand.
参考解析
解析：题干意为“根据第一段的内容来看，人们试图……”。利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语people , microorganisms , chicken pox , flu , various diseases , virus-related diseases , medicines作为定位线索，在第一段中找到相关句：What do chicken pox, the com-mon cold,the flu，and AIDS have in common?They're all diseases caused by viruses（与vi-rus-related diseases呼应）,tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses,finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds．第一段第二句提到“这些都是由病毒引起的疾病”，这说明病毒会引起疾病。第三句提到“难怪大部分人一提到病毒，首先想到的是如何躲避病毒”，这说明因为病毒会引起疾病，所以人们都想尽力避开病毒，因此C项“因为病毒会造成各种疾病所以躲避病毒”是答案。虽然选项B也提到了躲避病毒，但是选项B后半句中提到的躲避的原因是因为病毒是看不见的，这在短文中没有提到，因此选项B属于“无中生有”的干扰项。提示：备选项中只要一部分信息在短文中没有被提及，该选项也属于“无中生有”的干扰项；备选项中只要有一部分信息与短文中的相关信息不一致，则该选项陈述的信息与短文信息不一致。
题干意为“Beicher所在的小组现在在做什么？”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语Belcher's team , at present , ways , mass-producing micro-batteries , virus genes作为定位线索，在第二段和第三段中找到相关句：（第二段）Not everyone runs from the tiny dis-ease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachusetts,scientists have discovered that some vi-ruses can be helpful in an unusual way.They are putting viruses to work, teachiig them to build some if the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.（第三段）Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher,who first came up with the idea．At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)in Cambridge, she and her collaborators（与Belcher's team呼应）bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know a-bout biology, technology and production techniques．定位线索词集中出现在第三段中，该段第一句提到“病毒和电池的搭档似乎并不常见，但这对于工程师Belcher来说却并不陌生。她最先产生了这一想法”。该句中提到的“这一想法”回指上文（第二段）中提到的putting viru-ses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries，即用病毒制造世界上最小的充电电池。由此可知C项“用病毒制造电池”是答案。
题干意为“下列哪个选项的词义与第五段中shrink的词义相反？”该题属于词汇题。首先找到shrink在短文中所在的语境，并依据该语境判断出shrink的词义是“收缩”，也就是“缩小”，因此它的反义词是expand“增大，扩张”。所以答案为D。
题干意为“第六段中关于Belcher所研制的电池的陈述哪个正确？”利用题干及选项中的细节信息词/短语Belcher's battery, metal, watch battery, microscope, metallic disk作为定位线索，在第六段中找到相关句：The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now，Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viru-ses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope．定位线索词集中出现在第六段第二句中，该句意为“Belcher的电池模型是完全由病毒构成的金属圆盘，看起来就像普通的手表电池”。显然，B项“它是一种手表电池”与短文意思不一致：短文中出现的手表电池是用作比较，而不是说Belcher 的电池模型是手表电池。该句意思与D项“它是一种金属圆盘，里面有病毒”一致，因此D是答案。C项“它只能在显微镜下才能看见”，这与第六段最后一句意思不一致：第六段最后一句提到“电池里面的部件很小―小到用高倍显微镜才能看到”，这是在讲述电池部件的情况，并非说电池也需要用显微镜才能看见，因此选项D陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“Beicher所在的小组现在在做什么？”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语Belcher's team , at present , ways , mass-producing micro-batteries , virus genes作为定位线索，在第二段和第三段中找到相关句：（第二段）Not everyone runs from the tiny dis-ease carriers,though. In Cambridge,Massachusetts,scientists have discovered that some vi-ruses can be helpful in an unusual way.They are putting viruses to work, teachiig them to build some if the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.（第三段）Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair,but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher,who first came up with the idea．At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)in Cambridge, she and her collaborators（与Belcher's team呼应）bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries,the scientists combine what they know a-bout biology, technology and production techniques．定位线索词集中出现在第三段中，该段第一句提到“病毒和电池的搭档似乎并不常见，但这对于工程师Belcher来说却并不陌生。她最先产生了这一想法”。该句中提到的“这一想法”回指上文（第二段）中提到的putting viru-ses to work,teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries，即用病毒制造世界上最小的充电电池。由此可知C项“用病毒制造电池”是答案。
题干意为“下列哪个选项的词义与第五段中shrink的词义相反？”该题属于词汇题。首先找到shrink在短文中所在的语境，并依据该语境判断出shrink的词义是“收缩”，也就是“缩小”，因此它的反义词是expand“增大，扩张”。所以答案为D。
题干意为“第六段中关于Belcher所研制的电池的陈述哪个正确？”利用题干及选项中的细节信息词/短语Belcher's battery, metal, watch battery, microscope, metallic disk作为定位线索，在第六段中找到相关句：The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now，Belcher's model battery,a metallic disk completely built by viru-ses,looks like a regular watch battery. But inside,its components are very small一so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope．定位线索词集中出现在第六段第二句中，该句意为“Belcher的电池模型是完全由病毒构成的金属圆盘，看起来就像普通的手表电池”。显然，B项“它是一种手表电池”与短文意思不一致：短文中出现的手表电池是用作比较，而不是说Belcher 的电池模型是手表电池。该句意思与D项“它是一种金属圆盘，里面有病毒”一致，因此D是答案。C项“它只能在显微镜下才能看见”，这与第六段最后一句意思不一致：第六段最后一句提到“电池里面的部件很小―小到用高倍显微镜才能看到”，这是在讲述电池部件的情况，并非说电池也需要用显微镜才能看见，因此选项D陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。