共用题干Chimpanzees1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）will soon be extinct（灭绝）.If the present rate of hunting and habitat（栖息地）destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy（悲剧）.Chimpan-zee extinction may also have profound implications（含意）for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes（基因组）match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority（优先）.But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.3 The chimpanzees' trump card（王牌）comes in the field of medical research. Chimpan-zees are so similar to humans that veterinarians（兽医）often refer to human medical text-books when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In parti-cular,chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases.It is this ability that is so interesting.4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has de-clined because they are so resistant.5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpan-zee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the altera-tion（改变）of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequen-cing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to_______.A: some human disease treatmentsB: some diseasesC: human survivalD: human genomesE: key areasF: healthier lifestyle
共用题干
Chimpanzees
1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）will soon be extinct（灭绝）.If the present rate of hunting and habitat（栖息地）destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy（悲剧）.Chimpan-zee extinction may also have profound implications（含意）for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.
2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes（基因组）match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority（优先）.But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.
3 The chimpanzees' trump card（王牌）comes in the field of medical research. Chimpan-zees are so similar to humans that veterinarians（兽医）often refer to human medical text-books when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In parti-cular,chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases.It is this ability that is so interesting.
4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has de-clined because they are so resistant.
5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpan-zee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the altera-tion（改变）of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequen-cing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.
Chimpanzees
1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）will soon be extinct（灭绝）.If the present rate of hunting and habitat（栖息地）destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy（悲剧）.Chimpan-zee extinction may also have profound implications（含意）for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.
2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes（基因组）match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority（优先）.But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.
3 The chimpanzees' trump card（王牌）comes in the field of medical research. Chimpan-zees are so similar to humans that veterinarians（兽医）often refer to human medical text-books when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In parti-cular,chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases.It is this ability that is so interesting.
4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has de-clined because they are so resistant.
5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpan-zee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the altera-tion（改变）of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequen-cing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.
The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to_______.
A: some human disease treatments
B: some diseases
C: human survival
D: human genomes
E: key areas
F: healthier lifestyle
A: some human disease treatments
B: some diseases
C: human survival
D: human genomes
E: key areas
F: healthier lifestyle
参考解析
解析：段落中出现了一个明显的段落主题词chimpanzees“黑猩猩”，除此以外，还有一个词extinct或extinction也可能是该段主题词，因为这个段落只有四个句子，而其中有两个句子分别含有extinct和extinction。备选项中选项B同时包含了这个词，而且选项B中的其他实义词implications , humans也在该段中出现了，因此B可能是答案。该段的主题句是段落最后一句，该句是个观点句，意为“黑猩猩的灭绝也可能对它们的远亲——人类的生存有着深远的意义”。这与选项B的意义一致：选项B意为“黑猩猩的灭绝对于人类的意义”，由此可以进一步确认答案为B。
段落中出现了一个明显的段落主题词chimpanzees“黑猩猩”，除此以外，还有一个词humans也可能是该段主题词，因为这个段落只有六个句子，而其中有三个句子都含有human。既含有human又含有chimpanzee（即chimp）的选项是D项“黑猩猩和人在遗传上的相似性”和F项“黑猩猩和人在遗传上的不同之处”，因此推测答案可能来自这两个选项（提示：备选项中如果出现了有关系的选项，如：正反意义项，意义相近项，结构相似项，则这些有关系的选项中通常会出现答案选项）。这两个选项的不同之处在于一个说相似，一个说不同。因此关注段落中主要谈的是相似还是不同。很容易在段落中注意到这样的结构：hu-man and chimpanzee genomes（基因组）match by over 98%“人和黑猩猩的基因组相似度达到 98%以上”,chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than…“黑猩猩比……更像人”,re-sembling us genetically“在遗传上与我们相似”，由此可知该段主要谈人和黑猩猩在遗传上的相似性，因此该题答案为D。
段落中出现了一个明显的段落主题词chimpanzees“黑猩猩”，但是依据该词并不能判断出答案。段落中出现了一个转折句（段落第三句），该句意为“然而，黑猩猩的确在几个重要的领域中呈现出不同”。（提示：段首处及段尾处出现的转折句可能就是该段主题句）该句意思与F项“黑猩猩和人在遗传上的不同之处”在意义呼应，因此F可能是答案。从该段主要内容来看，段落第二句提到黑猩猩与人类相似，甚至兽医为它们治疗时常常会参考人类的医学书籍，接下来用转折词yet (然而）话锋一转，对比性地提出该段的主题：黑猩猩和人确实有重要的不同之处。提出这个主题（也是该段的观点）之后，接下来对黑猩猩和人之间的不同进行了举例论证。接下来的句子提到“黑猩猩对许多重大疾病更具有抵杭力”，由此可进一步判断出该题答案为F。
段落中出现了一个明显的段落主题词AIDS“艾滋病”，选项C中含有 AIDS，但是选项C中的其他实义词effective“有效的”, treatment“治疗”没有在该段中直接地及间接地出现，因此选项C成为答案的可能性较小。其实该段中还有一个段落主题词resist-ance“抵杭力”或resistant“有抵抗力的”，选项A和选项E分别含有这两个词中的一个，因此这两个选项中可能出现答案选项。选项A意为“对艾滋病病毒有抵杭力的原因”，选项E意为 “黑猩猩对艾滋病病毒的抵抗力”。从该段主要内容来看，该段第一句提到黑猩程对艾滋病病毒有更强的抵抗力，该段第二句（也是最后一句）说明因为黑猩猩对艾滋病病毒有很强的抵抗力，因此现在在艾滋病的研究实验中已经减少了对黑猩猩的使用。可见该段主要谈及的是黑猩猩对艾滋病病毒的抵杭力，因此答案为E。
题干意为“黑猩猩的灭绝可能会影响……”。利用题干中的细节信息短语chimpanzee extinction“黑猩猩灭绝”作为定位线索，这样在第一段找到相关句：Chim-panzees will soon be extinct.If the present rate of hunting and habitat destruction continues, then within 20 years,there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy. Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings．相关句为第一段最后一句，该句意为“黑猩猩的灭绝也可能对它们的远亲——人类的生存有着深远的意义”。这表明黑猩猩的灭绝可能会对人类的生存产生影响，因此答案为C项“人类的生存”。
题干意为“在黑猩猩与……之间有不到2%的差异”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语difference“差异”,less than 2%作为定位线索，这样在第二段找到相关句：In 1975 the biologists Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and ehimparizee genomes match（与difference呼应）by over 98%（与低于2%呼应）. Compare this to the mouse,used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact,chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other spe-cies of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent pri-ority. But there is another, more selfish reason to preserve the chimp．相关句（第二段第一句）意为“1975年，生物学家Marie-Claire King和Allan Wilson发现人和黑猩猩的基因组匹配度达到了98%以上”，这意味着人和黑猩猩基因组之间的差异不到2%，因此答案为D项“人的基因组”。
题干意为“科学家们猜想基因在预防黑猩猩患……（疾病）方面起着显著的作用”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语scientists , genes , significant role作为定位线索，这样在第五段找到相关句：By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code（与gene呼应）gives chimps their increased re-sistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the produc-tion of new drugs or even the alteration of the human genetic sequence. The recently comple-ted human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach．相关句（第五段第一句）意为“通过对黑猩猩的基因组测序并找到黑猩猩的DNA序列与人类的DNA序列不同之处，科学家们希望能够发现哪部分遗传代码增强了黑猩猩抵御一些疾病的能力”，由此判断出B项“一些疾病”是答案。
题干意为“发现黑猩猩的遗传代码将有助于……”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语discovery, genetic code作为定位线索，这样在第五段找到相关句：By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased
段落中出现了一个明显的段落主题词chimpanzees“黑猩猩”，除此以外，还有一个词humans也可能是该段主题词，因为这个段落只有六个句子，而其中有三个句子都含有human。既含有human又含有chimpanzee（即chimp）的选项是D项“黑猩猩和人在遗传上的相似性”和F项“黑猩猩和人在遗传上的不同之处”，因此推测答案可能来自这两个选项（提示：备选项中如果出现了有关系的选项，如：正反意义项，意义相近项，结构相似项，则这些有关系的选项中通常会出现答案选项）。这两个选项的不同之处在于一个说相似，一个说不同。因此关注段落中主要谈的是相似还是不同。很容易在段落中注意到这样的结构：hu-man and chimpanzee genomes（基因组）match by over 98%“人和黑猩猩的基因组相似度达到 98%以上”,chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than…“黑猩猩比……更像人”,re-sembling us genetically“在遗传上与我们相似”，由此可知该段主要谈人和黑猩猩在遗传上的相似性，因此该题答案为D。
段落中出现了一个明显的段落主题词chimpanzees“黑猩猩”，但是依据该词并不能判断出答案。段落中出现了一个转折句（段落第三句），该句意为“然而，黑猩猩的确在几个重要的领域中呈现出不同”。（提示：段首处及段尾处出现的转折句可能就是该段主题句）该句意思与F项“黑猩猩和人在遗传上的不同之处”在意义呼应，因此F可能是答案。从该段主要内容来看，段落第二句提到黑猩猩与人类相似，甚至兽医为它们治疗时常常会参考人类的医学书籍，接下来用转折词yet (然而）话锋一转，对比性地提出该段的主题：黑猩猩和人确实有重要的不同之处。提出这个主题（也是该段的观点）之后，接下来对黑猩猩和人之间的不同进行了举例论证。接下来的句子提到“黑猩猩对许多重大疾病更具有抵杭力”，由此可进一步判断出该题答案为F。
段落中出现了一个明显的段落主题词AIDS“艾滋病”，选项C中含有 AIDS，但是选项C中的其他实义词effective“有效的”, treatment“治疗”没有在该段中直接地及间接地出现，因此选项C成为答案的可能性较小。其实该段中还有一个段落主题词resist-ance“抵杭力”或resistant“有抵抗力的”，选项A和选项E分别含有这两个词中的一个，因此这两个选项中可能出现答案选项。选项A意为“对艾滋病病毒有抵杭力的原因”，选项E意为 “黑猩猩对艾滋病病毒的抵抗力”。从该段主要内容来看，该段第一句提到黑猩程对艾滋病病毒有更强的抵抗力，该段第二句（也是最后一句）说明因为黑猩猩对艾滋病病毒有很强的抵抗力，因此现在在艾滋病的研究实验中已经减少了对黑猩猩的使用。可见该段主要谈及的是黑猩猩对艾滋病病毒的抵杭力，因此答案为E。
题干意为“黑猩猩的灭绝可能会影响……”。利用题干中的细节信息短语chimpanzee extinction“黑猩猩灭绝”作为定位线索，这样在第一段找到相关句：Chim-panzees will soon be extinct.If the present rate of hunting and habitat destruction continues, then within 20 years,there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy. Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings．相关句为第一段最后一句，该句意为“黑猩猩的灭绝也可能对它们的远亲——人类的生存有着深远的意义”。这表明黑猩猩的灭绝可能会对人类的生存产生影响，因此答案为C项“人类的生存”。
题干意为“在黑猩猩与……之间有不到2%的差异”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语difference“差异”,less than 2%作为定位线索，这样在第二段找到相关句：In 1975 the biologists Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and ehimparizee genomes match（与difference呼应）by over 98%（与低于2%呼应）. Compare this to the mouse,used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact,chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other spe-cies of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent pri-ority. But there is another, more selfish reason to preserve the chimp．相关句（第二段第一句）意为“1975年，生物学家Marie-Claire King和Allan Wilson发现人和黑猩猩的基因组匹配度达到了98%以上”，这意味着人和黑猩猩基因组之间的差异不到2%，因此答案为D项“人的基因组”。
题干意为“科学家们猜想基因在预防黑猩猩患……（疾病）方面起着显著的作用”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语scientists , genes , significant role作为定位线索，这样在第五段找到相关句：By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code（与gene呼应）gives chimps their increased re-sistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the produc-tion of new drugs or even the alteration of the human genetic sequence. The recently comple-ted human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach．相关句（第五段第一句）意为“通过对黑猩猩的基因组测序并找到黑猩猩的DNA序列与人类的DNA序列不同之处，科学家们希望能够发现哪部分遗传代码增强了黑猩猩抵御一些疾病的能力”，由此判断出B项“一些疾病”是答案。
题干意为“发现黑猩猩的遗传代码将有助于……”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语discovery, genetic code作为定位线索，这样在第五段找到相关句：By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased
相关考题：
These natural resources will be______sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues.A．depletedB．deployedC．inclinedD．mingled
共用题干Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day.These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don't question.But an international team of researchers,including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences,have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce（稀有的）,high-quality resources.The team of researchers from the U.S.,England,Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees（黑猩猩）as they competed for food resources,in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape（类人猿）一one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees一to walk on two legs."These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs",said Dr. Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time , intense bursts of bipedal（二足的）activity may have led to anatomical（解剖学的）changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University's "outdoor laboratory" in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut一the oil palm nut,which is naturally widely available,and the coula nut,which is not.The chimpanzees' behavior was monitored in three situations:(a)when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available,and(c)when coula nuts were the majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers,the chimpanzees transported more at one time.Similarly,when coula nuts were the majority resource,the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.In such high-competition settings,the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource,but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available一even their mouths.The second study,by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University,was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding,a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable resources.Here,35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement,and once again,this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.The chimpanzees competed for the coula nuts more intensely.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day.These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don't question.But an international team of researchers,including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences,have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce（稀有的）,high-quality resources.The team of researchers from the U.S.,England,Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees（黑猩猩）as they competed for food resources,in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape（类人猿）一one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees一to walk on two legs."These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs",said Dr. Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time , intense bursts of bipedal（二足的）activity may have led to anatomical（解剖学的）changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University's "outdoor laboratory" in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut一the oil palm nut,which is naturally widely available,and the coula nut,which is not.The chimpanzees' behavior was monitored in three situations:(a)when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available,and(c)when coula nuts were the majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers,the chimpanzees transported more at one time.Similarly,when coula nuts were the majority resource,the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.In such high-competition settings,the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource,but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available一even their mouths.The second study,by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University,was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding,a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable resources.Here,35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement,and once again,this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day.These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don't question.But an international team of researchers,including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences,have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce（稀有的）,high-quality resources.The team of researchers from the U.S.,England,Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees（黑猩猩）as they competed for food resources,in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape（类人猿）一one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees一to walk on two legs."These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs",said Dr. Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time , intense bursts of bipedal（二足的）activity may have led to anatomical（解剖学的）changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University's "outdoor laboratory" in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut一the oil palm nut,which is naturally widely available,and the coula nut,which is not.The chimpanzees' behavior was monitored in three situations:(a)when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available,and(c)when coula nuts were the majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers,the chimpanzees transported more at one time.Similarly,when coula nuts were the majority resource,the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.In such high-competition settings,the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource,but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available一even their mouths.The second study,by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University,was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding,a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable resources.Here,35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement,and once again,this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Chimpanzees1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）will soon be extinct（灭绝）.If the present rate of hunting and habitat（栖息地）destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy（悲剧）.Chimpan-zee extinction may also have profound implications（含意）for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes（基因组）match by ovet 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority（优先）.But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.3 The chimpanzees' trump card（王牌）comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians（兽医）often refer to human medical text-books when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In parti-cular,chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases.It is this ability that is so interesting.4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has de-dlined because they are so resistant.5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration（改变）of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to______.A: some human disease treatmentsB: some diseasesC: human survivalD: human genomesE: key areasF: healthier lifestyle
共用题干Chimpanzees1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）will soon be extinct（灭绝）.If the present rate of hunting and habitat（栖息地）destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy（悲剧）.Chimpan-zee extinction may also have profound implications（含意）for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes（基因组）match by ovet 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority（优先）.But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.3 The chimpanzees' trump card（王牌）comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians（兽医）often refer to human medical text-books when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In parti-cular,chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases.It is this ability that is so interesting.4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has de-dlined because they are so resistant.5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration（改变）of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.There is a difference of. less than 2% between the chimp and______.A: some human disease treatmentsB: some diseasesC: human survivalD: human genomesE: key areasF: healthier lifestyle
共用题干Chimpanzees1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）will soon be extinct（灭绝）.If the present rate of hunting and habitat（栖息地）destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy（悲剧）.Chimpan-zee extinction may also have profound implications（含意）for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes（基因组）match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority（优先）.But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.3 The chimpanzees' trump card（王牌）comes in the field of medical research. Chimpan-zees are so similar to humans that veterinarians（兽医）often refer to human medical text-books when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In parti-cular,chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases.It is this ability that is so interesting.4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has de-clined because they are so resistant.5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpan-zee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the altera-tion（改变）of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequen-cing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.Paragraph 2______.A: Reasons for HIV ResistanceB: Implications of Chimpanzee Extinction For HumansC: Effective AIDS TreatmentD: Genetic Similarities between Chimps and HumansE: Chimps'Resistance to HIVF: Genetic Differences Between Chimos and Humans
共用题干Ecosystem1. The word “ecosystem” is short for ecological（生态的）system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms（生物）such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!2 .There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environ-ment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to encourage co-habitation（同居）between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a zoo or garden.3 .Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow,the plants and its fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,microorganisms（微生物）and even hu- mans,of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this hap-pens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.4 .Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and ani-mals for food. In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population. Since plants,animals and humans are all of various species（物种）,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.5 .To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat（栖息地）of plants and animals,and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to con-tinue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement（搬迁）: imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse,overpopulation can also ru- in the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.Plants,animals and humans are all effective in______.A: our share of resourcesB: a biological creatureC: a given areaD: the maintenance of the ecosystemE: the source of foodF: various species
共用题干Ecosystem1. The word “ecosystem” is short for ecological（生态的）system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms（生物）such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!2 .There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environ-ment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to encourage co-habitation（同居）between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a zoo or garden.3 .Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow,the plants and its fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,microorganisms（微生物）and even hu- mans,of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this hap-pens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.4 .Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and ani-mals for food. In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population. Since plants,animals and humans are all of various species（物种）,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.5 .To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat（栖息地）of plants and animals,and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to con-tinue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement（搬迁）: imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse,overpopulation can also ru- in the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.To protect our ecosystems we should not use more than______.A: our share of resourcesB: a biological creatureC: a given areaD: the maintenance of the ecosystemE: the source of foodF: various species
共用题干Chimpanzees1 Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）will soon be extinct（灭绝）.If the present rate of hunting and habitat（栖息地）destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy（悲剧）.Chimpan-zee extinction may also have profound implications（含意）for the survival of their distant relatives一human beings.2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes（基因组）match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically,chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools.These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority（优先）.But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.3 The chimpanzees' trump card（王牌）comes in the field of medical research. Chimpan-zees are so similar to humans that veterinarians（兽医）often refer to human medical text-books when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas.In parti-cular,chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases.It is this ability that is so interesting.4 For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed,their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has de-clined because they are so resistant.5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing（找到）the place where the chimpan-zee DNA sequence differs from that of humans,scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This,they hope,will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the altera-tion（改变）of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequen-cing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.There is a difference of less than 2%between the chimp and______.A: some human disease treatmentsB: some diseasesC: human survivalD: human genomesE: key areasF: healthier lifestyle
共用题干Ecosystem1. The word “ecosystem” is short for ecological（生态的）system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms（生物）such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!2 .There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environ-ment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to encourage co-habitation（同居）between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a zoo or garden.3 .Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow,the plants and its fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,microorganisms（微生物）and even hu- mans,of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this hap-pens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.4 .Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and ani-mals for food. In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population. Since plants,animals and humans are all of various species（物种）,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.5 .To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat（栖息地）of plants and animals,and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to con-tinue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement（搬迁）: imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse,overpopulation can also ru- in the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.Plants are essential in an ecosystem because to other living creatures they are______.A: our share of resourcesB: a biological creatureC: a given areaD: the maintenance of the ecosystemE: the source of foodF: various species
The destruction of habitats(栖息地)all over the world is the primary reason species are?becoming extinct(灭绝)or endangered．Houses,highways,dams,industrial buildings,and?ever-spreading farms now dominate?21?formerly occupied by forests,deserts,and wetlands．22?the beginning of European settlement in America,23,over 65,000,000 acres of?wetlands have been drained．One million acres alone vanished24?1985 and 1995．Habitat destruction can be?25?or it can be subtle,occurring over a26?period of time?without being noticed．27?such as sewage from cities and chemical runoff fromfarms,can change?the?28?and quantity of water in streams and rivers．To?29?living in a delicately balanced?habitat,this disturbance can be as30?as the clear-cutting of a rainforest．31?remaining habitats are carved into smaller and smaller pockets or islands,remaining?species are forced to exist in these?32?areas,which causes further habitat?33?These?species become less adaptable to environmental?34；in fact,they become?35?endangered．Scientists believe that when a habitat is cut by 90%,one-half of its plants,animals and insects will?become extinct．第34题的答案是（ ）A.improvementsB.ChangesC.protectionD.development
The destruction of habitats(栖息地)all over the world is the primary reason species are?becoming extinct(灭绝)or endangered．Houses,highways,dams,industrial buildings,and?ever-spreading farms now dominate?21?formerly occupied by forests,deserts,and wetlands．22?the beginning of European settlement in America,23,over 65,000,000 acres of?wetlands have been drained．One million acres alone vanished24?1985 and 1995．Habitat destruction can be?25?or it can be subtle,occurring over a26?period of time?without being noticed．27?such as sewage from cities and chemical runoff fromfarms,can change?the?28?and quantity of water in streams and rivers．To?29?living in a delicately balanced?habitat,this disturbance can be as30?as the clear-cutting of a rainforest．31?remaining habitats are carved into smaller and smaller pockets or islands,remaining?species are forced to exist in these?32?areas,which causes further habitat?33?These?species become less adaptable to environmental?34；in fact,they become?35?endangered．Scientists believe that when a habitat is cut by 90%,one-half of its plants,animals and insects will?become extinct．第27题的答案是（ ）A.ConstructionB.PollutionC.FarmingD.Living
共用题干1.Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today?During the past 50 years,the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded:almost 50%of marriages end in divorce now,and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse.If this trend continues,it will lead to the breakup of the family,according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association.Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times, and extramarital（婚外的）affairs will be even more common than they are now.2.But what are the reasons for this,and is the picture really so gloomy?The answer to the first question is really quite simple:marriage is no longer the necessity it once was.The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need.Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands.But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs,this is no ionger the case.So they don't feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.3.In answer to the second question,the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems.While the rate of divorce has risen,the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much,so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this,many couples now simply live together and don't bother to marry.These couples are effectively married,but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics.In fact,more than 50% of first marriages survive.4.So is marriage really an outdated institution?The fact that most people still get married mndicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences such as heart problems,and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts.Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!When marriage continues to be popular,the most important thing is to_________.A:women are not economically dependant any moreB:more than 50%C:more contentedD:finds out the key to a happy marriage and apply it to our relationshipE:almost 50%F: women no longer need a husband any longer
单选题The attitude of the two authors toward the fate of chimps in the wild can be described as ______.Aopposed; the second author is more idealistic than the firstBsimilar; both authors argue that chimpanzees flourish in the wildCidentical; both authors argue that chimpanzees require the refuge of artificial environmentsDdiametrically opposed; the first author believes that every animal belongs in the wild, while the second sees an advantage to zoos and sanctuariesEvarying; the first author works to save wild habitats, while the second author is uninterested in such pursuits
单选题Which of the following, if true, would most clearly strengthen the assertion in Passage 1 that the fate of chimpanzees living in the wild does not look promising (lines 29－30) ?AWild chimpanzees require a large, contiguous habitat to thrive, but logging reduces their territory.BPrevious legislative restrictions were symbolic at best, as they outlawed the export of chimpanzees, but did not sufficiently penalize poachers in the past.CPoachers sometimes do not sell young chimpanzees to dealers, but in fact sell them at local markets.DRecent investment in economic development in certain African countries is expected to increase the standard of living.EIncreased death rates due to disease in Africa will eventually reverse trends in population growth.
单选题Both passages are primarily concerned with ______.Athe fate of man's closest genetic relativeBthe requisite diet and habitat of chimpanzeesCthe contrast between free－living and captive chimpanzee life expectancyDchimpanzee intelligence and strengthEthe appealing nature of infant chimpanzees
单选题The passage tells us that _____.AHIV was found more than two years earlier than AIDS was identifiedBpeople know a little more about HIV than about most other virusesCAIDS continues to rage more wildly in Africa than in AsiaDHIV will mainly affect the poor and minority groups in the U.S.