共用题干To Survive or to Vanish1.Over 3.6 billion years ago,the first creature was born in the world.Since then,the earth started its era with life.The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings.To a large extent,the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which life actually modifies its surroundings,has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species一man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.2.During the past 25 years,this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air,earth,rivers,and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.In this now universal contamination of the environment,chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil,entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death.Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation,sicken cattle,and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells."Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation,"as a scientist has said.3.Hundreds of millions of years have passed before the globe produced the life that now inhabits the earth.Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts,and a balance has been reached.But in the modern world there is no time.4.The quick steps of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom.The chemicals are the synthetic creations of man's inventive mind,having no counterparts in nature.5.To survive these chemicals would require not merely the years of one man's life but the life of generations.And even this,were it by some miracle possible,would be futile,for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream;almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone.Among them are many that are used in man's war against nature.Since the mid l940's over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects,weeds,and other organisms described as"pests".6.It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never he used.I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons,without their consent and often without their knowledge.I contend,furthermore,that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil,water,wildlife,and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.Paragraph 2_______A:Man should be cautious in chemical use.B:It takes generations for mankind to adapt themselves to the chemicals.C:Chemicals are human's inventionD:Human's power increases and has changed its character in the past quarter century.E:The new change in the relationship between earth and its creature一human's power playing a greater role in changing the worldF: Modern world gives no time for nature to adjust to human.
共用题干
To Survive or to Vanish
1.Over 3.6 billion years ago,the first creature was born in the world.Since then,the earth started its era with life.The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings.To a large extent,the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which life actually modifies its surroundings,has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species一man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.
2.During the past 25 years,this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air,earth,rivers,and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.In this now universal contamination of the environment,chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil,entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death.Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation,sicken cattle,and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells."Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation,"as a scientist has said.
3.Hundreds of millions of years have passed before the globe produced the life that now inhabits the earth.Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts,and a balance has been reached.But in the modern world there is no time.
4.The quick steps of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom.The chemicals are the synthetic creations of man's inventive mind,having no counterparts in nature.
5.To survive these chemicals would require not merely the years of one man's life but the life of generations.And even this,were it by some miracle possible,would be futile,for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream;almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone.Among them are many that are used in man's war against nature.Since the mid l940's over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects,weeds,and other organisms described as"pests".
6.It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never he used.I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons,without their consent and often without their knowledge.I contend,furthermore,that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil,water,wildlife,and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.
To Survive or to Vanish
1.Over 3.6 billion years ago,the first creature was born in the world.Since then,the earth started its era with life.The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings.To a large extent,the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which life actually modifies its surroundings,has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species一man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.
2.During the past 25 years,this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air,earth,rivers,and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.In this now universal contamination of the environment,chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil,entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death.Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation,sicken cattle,and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells."Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation,"as a scientist has said.
3.Hundreds of millions of years have passed before the globe produced the life that now inhabits the earth.Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts,and a balance has been reached.But in the modern world there is no time.
4.The quick steps of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom.The chemicals are the synthetic creations of man's inventive mind,having no counterparts in nature.
5.To survive these chemicals would require not merely the years of one man's life but the life of generations.And even this,were it by some miracle possible,would be futile,for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream;almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone.Among them are many that are used in man's war against nature.Since the mid l940's over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects,weeds,and other organisms described as"pests".
6.It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never he used.I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons,without their consent and often without their knowledge.I contend,furthermore,that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil,water,wildlife,and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.
Paragraph 2_______
A:Man should be cautious in chemical use.
B:It takes generations for mankind to adapt themselves to the chemicals.
C:Chemicals are human's invention
D:Human's power increases and has changed its character in the past quarter century.
E:The new change in the relationship between earth and its creature一human's power playing a greater role in changing the world
F: Modern world gives no time for nature to adjust to human.
A:Man should be cautious in chemical use.
B:It takes generations for mankind to adapt themselves to the chemicals.
C:Chemicals are human's invention
D:Human's power increases and has changed its character in the past quarter century.
E:The new change in the relationship between earth and its creature一human's power playing a greater role in changing the world
F: Modern world gives no time for nature to adjust to human.
参考解析
解析：本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。第一段前面大部分内容在说生物适应自然的内容，但最后一句用“only”引出本文要强调的新变化：人类对自然的影响。这与选项E中提到的：The new change in the relationship between earth and its creature一human's power playing a greater role in changing the world．地球与其生物之间关系的新变化——人类在改造世界的进程中起到更大的作用，意义相符，所以E是答案。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。第二段第一句是本段的主旨句："During the past 25 years,this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character.”在过去的25年中，这种力量不仅日趋强大，而且其性质也发生了变化。其中，“这种力量指的是人改造自然的力量”，这与选项D中提到的：" Human's power increases and has changed its character in the past quarter century.”意思相符。所以D是答案。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。第五段第一句是主旨句："To survive these chemicals would require not merely the years of one man's life but the life of generations.”为了在这些化学制品中存活下来，人类需要付出的不只是一个人一生的时间，而是几代人的时间。选项B中提到：" It takes generations for mankind to adapt themselves to the chemicals.”概括了本段的大意，所以B是答案。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。第六段通过两个“I (do) contend”引出对于人类错误使用化学物质并对此疏于监管表示担忧。选项A是答案，因为 " Man should be cautious in chemical use.”人类应该小心使用化学物质，概括了本段的大意。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的事实与细节的了解。依据是第一段倒数第二句："Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which life actually modifies its surroundings , has been relatively slight.”将地球上生命存在的整个时期加以考虑，相反作用，即生命对其周围环境的实际改变作用，却相对很小。题干出现：生命改变其环境的影响，选项 F是relatively slight相对较小，与原文意思一致，证明了选项F是正确的。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的事实与细节的了解。选E的依据是第二段第三句“This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.”而这种污染在很大程度上是无法挽救的。而题目中：人类对于自然的污染是在很大程度上______，缺少的信息正是选项E irrecoverable无法挽救的。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的事实与细节的了解。选A的依据是第四段的第二句：" Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom.”辐射是当今人类通过支配原子而得到的一种非自然的创造物。而选项A与题干结合的意思与之一致，所以 A是答案。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的事实与细节的了解。选C的依据是全文的最后一句：" Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.”我们缺乏对万物赖以生存的自然界的生态完整性的关心，对此，后代是不可能原谅我们的。题干与选项C结合后与信息句意思一致。所以C是答案。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。第二段第一句是本段的主旨句："During the past 25 years,this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character.”在过去的25年中，这种力量不仅日趋强大，而且其性质也发生了变化。其中，“这种力量指的是人改造自然的力量”，这与选项D中提到的：" Human's power increases and has changed its character in the past quarter century.”意思相符。所以D是答案。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。第五段第一句是主旨句："To survive these chemicals would require not merely the years of one man's life but the life of generations.”为了在这些化学制品中存活下来，人类需要付出的不只是一个人一生的时间，而是几代人的时间。选项B中提到：" It takes generations for mankind to adapt themselves to the chemicals.”概括了本段的大意，所以B是答案。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。第六段通过两个“I (do) contend”引出对于人类错误使用化学物质并对此疏于监管表示担忧。选项A是答案，因为 " Man should be cautious in chemical use.”人类应该小心使用化学物质，概括了本段的大意。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的事实与细节的了解。依据是第一段倒数第二句："Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which life actually modifies its surroundings , has been relatively slight.”将地球上生命存在的整个时期加以考虑，相反作用，即生命对其周围环境的实际改变作用，却相对很小。题干出现：生命改变其环境的影响，选项 F是relatively slight相对较小，与原文意思一致，证明了选项F是正确的。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的事实与细节的了解。选E的依据是第二段第三句“This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.”而这种污染在很大程度上是无法挽救的。而题目中：人类对于自然的污染是在很大程度上______，缺少的信息正是选项E irrecoverable无法挽救的。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的事实与细节的了解。选A的依据是第四段的第二句：" Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom.”辐射是当今人类通过支配原子而得到的一种非自然的创造物。而选项A与题干结合的意思与之一致，所以 A是答案。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的事实与细节的了解。选C的依据是全文的最后一句：" Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.”我们缺乏对万物赖以生存的自然界的生态完整性的关心，对此，后代是不可能原谅我们的。题干与选项C结合后与信息句意思一致。所以C是答案。
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共用题干第二篇Human and the EarthIn terms of the evolution of life on Earth,human beings have just arrived.Despite their shori time on Earth,however,people have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the planet一changes far out of proportion to the interval of time they have occupied it.People have more control over their surroundings than any other species on Earth.With the combination of intelligence and manual skill(allowing us to make and use tools),people have found ways to use plant and animal resources,mineral ores,fuels,and many other materials and resources from the Earth.As the number of people on Earth increases,it becomes increasingly difficult for the population to survive on the resources of the land.The amount of land is limited.Although agricultural production can be increased by use of machinery such as tractors and the addition of fertilizer,the land ultimately can produce only so much food and no more.As the human population grows,people consume more.Clearly,some locations on Earth already have too many people;in many of these areas,future increases will surely bring about more poverty and suffering. Yet people in rich nations use proportionally far more of the available resources than people in poorer nations.As they consume these resources without restraint,they also waste large amounts of them.People are only a very small fraction of all the living things on the planet.Yet their numbers create a drain on resources that can't be renewed.For example,the amount of water on Earth is limited,this water is cleaned through natural processes.However,the natural processes for filtering water can clean only a certain amount of water by removing the pollution.Likewise,a limited amount of petroleum can be found under the Earth's surface.Petroleum is a valuable resource.Should people use it up to manufacture petrol for automobiles?As people work to control the planet and make life comfortable,are they using up resources that are needed for their survival?in terms of the evolution of life on Earth,the history of human beings is_______.A:very short B:very longC:as long as that of other animals D:as long as that of the Earth
共用题干Earth Rocks onMost of the time,the ground feels solid beneath our feet. That{S comforting. But it's also misleading because there's actually a lot going on underground.Masses of land(called plates)slip,slide,and bump against each other,slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years.Scientists know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago.They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled , its outermost layer , called the crust（地壳）, eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened,however,is an open question.Now,an international group of researchers has an answer. They'ye found new evidence suggesting that Earth's crust started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago.The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones.Not long before 3. 8 billion years ago,lots of asteroids（小行星）were hitting Earth,keeping its crust in a hot,melted state.After the hard crust formed,much of it sank at various times into the planet's hot in- sides.There,it melted before returning to the surface.In some places,however,the crust never sank.One of the oldest such places is in Greenland,in an area called the Isua supracrustal（上地壳） belt. The rocky crust there is between 3. 7 and 3. 8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor,but now it is exposed to air.The researchers recently took a close look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long,parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock.To explain this structure,the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crackopen long ago. Hot , liquid rock , called magma（岩浆）,flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks.Finally,the whole area cooled,forming what we see today.That explanation,plus chemical clues inside the rock,suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under the ocean,beginning around 3.8 billion years ago.The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Earth Rocks onMost of the time,the ground feels solid beneath our feet. That{S comforting. But it's also misleading because there's actually a lot going on underground.Masses of land(called plates)slip,slide,and bump against each other,slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years.Scientists know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago.They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled , its outermost layer , called the crust（地壳）, eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened,however,is an open question.Now,an international group of researchers has an answer. They'ye found new evidence suggesting that Earth's crust started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago.The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones.Not long before 3. 8 billion years ago,lots of asteroids（小行星）were hitting Earth,keeping its crust in a hot,melted state.After the hard crust formed,much of it sank at various times into the planet's hot in- sides.There,it melted before returning to the surface.In some places,however,the crust never sank.One of the oldest such places is in Greenland,in an area called the Isua supracrustal（上地壳） belt. The rocky crust there is between 3. 7 and 3. 8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor,but now it is exposed to air.The researchers recently took a close look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long,parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock.To explain this structure,the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crackopen long ago. Hot , liquid rock , called magma（岩浆）,flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks.Finally,the whole area cooled,forming what we see today.That explanation,plus chemical clues inside the rock,suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under the ocean,beginning around 3.8 billion years ago.The shape of lands and oceans are slowly changed with the movements of plates.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干To Survive or to Vanish1.Over 3.6 billion years ago,the first creature was born in the world.Since then,the earth started its era with life.The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings.To a large extent,the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which life actually modifies its surroundings,has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species一man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.2.During the past 25 years,this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air,earth,rivers,and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.In this now universal contamination of the environment,chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil,entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death.Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation,sicken cattle,and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells."Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation,"as a scientist has said.3.Hundreds of millions of years have passed before the globe produced the life that now inhabits the earth.Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts,and a balance has been reached.But in the modern world there is no time.4.The quick steps of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom.The chemicals are the synthetic creations of man's inventive mind,having no counterparts in nature.5.To survive these chemicals would require not merely the years of one man's life but the life of generations.And even this,were it by some miracle possible,would be futile,for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream;almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone.Among them are many that are used in man's war against nature.Since the mid l940's over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects,weeds,and other organisms described as"pests".6.It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never he used.I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons,without their consent and often without their knowledge.I contend,furthermore,that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil,water,wildlife,and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.Human's pollution on nature is for the most part_______.A:man's tampering with the atomB:enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisonsC:the integrity of the natural world that supports all lifeD:inventiveE:irrecoverableF:relatively slight
共用题干To Survive or to Vanish1.Over 3.6 billion years ago,the first creature was born in the world.Since then,the earth started its era with life.The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings.To a large extent,the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which life actually modifies its surroundings,has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species一man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.2.During the past 25 years,this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air,earth,rivers,and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.In this now universal contamination of the environment,chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil,entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death.Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation,sicken cattle,and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells."Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation,"as a scientist has said.3.Hundreds of millions of years have passed before the globe produced the life that now inhabits the earth.Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts,and a balance has been reached.But in the modern world there is no time.4.The quick steps of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom.The chemicals are the synthetic creations of man's inventive mind,having no counterparts in nature.5.To survive these chemicals would require not merely the years of one man's life but the life of generations.And even this,were it by some miracle possible,would be futile,for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream;almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone.Among them are many that are used in man's war against nature.Since the mid l940's over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects,weeds,and other organisms described as"pests".6.It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never he used.I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons,without their consent and often without their knowledge.I contend,furthermore,that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil,water,wildlife,and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.The effect of life modifying its surroundings has been_______.A:man's tampering with the atomB:enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisonsC:the integrity of the natural world that supports all lifeD:inventiveE:irrecoverableF:relatively slight
共用题干To Survive or to Vanish1.Over 3.6 billion years ago,the first creature was born in the world.Since then,the earth started its era with life.The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings.To a large extent,the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which life actually modifies its surroundings,has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species一man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.2.During the past 25 years,this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air,earth,rivers,and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.In this now universal contamination of the environment,chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil,entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death.Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation,sicken cattle,and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells."Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation,"as a scientist has said.3.Hundreds of millions of years have passed before the globe produced the life that now inhabits the earth.Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts,and a balance has been reached.But in the modern world there is no time.4.The quick steps of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom.The chemicals are the synthetic creations of man's inventive mind,having no counterparts in nature.5.To survive these chemicals would require not merely the years of one man's life but the life of generations.And even this,were it by some miracle possible,would be futile,for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream;almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone.Among them are many that are used in man's war against nature.Since the mid l940's over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects,weeds,and other organisms described as"pests".6.It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never he used.I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons,without their consent and often without their knowledge.I contend,furthermore,that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil,water,wildlife,and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.Paragraph 1_______A:Man should be cautious in chemical use.B:It takes generations for mankind to adapt themselves to the chemicals.C:Chemicals are human's inventionD:Human's power increases and has changed its character in the past quarter century.E:The new change in the relationship between earth and its creature一human's power playing a greater role in changing the worldF: Modern world gives no time for nature to adjust to human.
共用题干Earth Rocks onMost of the time,the ground feels solid beneath our feet. That{S comforting. But it's also misleading because there's actually a lot going on underground.Masses of land(called plates)slip,slide,and bump against each other,slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years.Scientists know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago.They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled , its outermost layer , called the crust（地壳）, eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened,however,is an open question.Now,an international group of researchers has an answer. They'ye found new evidence suggesting that Earth's crust started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago.The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones.Not long before 3. 8 billion years ago,lots of asteroids（小行星）were hitting Earth,keeping its crust in a hot,melted state.After the hard crust formed,much of it sank at various times into the planet's hot in- sides.There,it melted before returning to the surface.In some places,however,the crust never sank.One of the oldest such places is in Greenland,in an area called the Isua supracrustal（上地壳） belt. The rocky crust there is between 3. 7 and 3. 8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor,but now it is exposed to air.The researchers recently took a close look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long,parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock.To explain this structure,the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crackopen long ago. Hot , liquid rock , called magma（岩浆）,flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks.Finally,the whole area cooled,forming what we see today.That explanation,plus chemical clues inside the rock,suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under the ocean,beginning around 3.8 billion years ago.Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
共用题干Earth Rocks onMost of the time,the ground feels solid beneath our feet. That{S comforting. But it's also misleading because there's actually a lot going on underground.Masses of land(called plates)slip,slide,and bump against each other,slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years.Scientists know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago.They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled , its outermost layer , called the crust（地壳）, eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened,however,is an open question.Now,an international group of researchers has an answer. They'ye found new evidence suggesting that Earth's crust started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago.The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones.Not long before 3. 8 billion years ago,lots of asteroids（小行星）were hitting Earth,keeping its crust in a hot,melted state.After the hard crust formed,much of it sank at various times into the planet's hot in- sides.There,it melted before returning to the surface.In some places,however,the crust never sank.One of the oldest such places is in Greenland,in an area called the Isua supracrustal（上地壳） belt. The rocky crust there is between 3. 7 and 3. 8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor,but now it is exposed to air.The researchers recently took a close look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long,parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock.To explain this structure,the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crackopen long ago. Hot , liquid rock , called magma（岩浆）,flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks.Finally,the whole area cooled,forming what we see today.That explanation,plus chemical clues inside the rock,suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under the ocean,beginning around 3.8 billion years ago.Scientists once estimated that Earth's crust started shifting three billion years ago.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
At the first sight the planet Mars does not appear very welcome to any kind of life．It has very little oxygen and water,the temperature at night is below-50~Cand winds of 100 miles per hour cause severe dust storms．However,the surface of the planet seems to show that water flowed across it some time in the past,and it is believed that there is enough ice at the poles to cover the planet with water if it melts．Although there is no life on the Mars now,some scientists think that there may have been some form of life long time ago．At that time,the planet had active volcanoes;the atmosphere was thicker and warmer;and there was water．In fact,in some ways the Mars may have been similar to the Earth,where life exists.Some people believe that the Mars could support life in the future if the right conditions were produced．The first step would be to warm the planet using certain gases which trap the Sun's heat in the planet's atmosphere．With warmth,water and carbon dioxide(二氧化碳),simple plants could begin to grow．These plants could slowly make the Mars more suitable for living．It is estimated that the whole process might take between 100,000 and 200,000 years．In the meantime,people could begin to live on the planet in special closed environments．They would provide a lot of useful information about conditions on the Mars and the problems connected with living there.Some scientists think there may have been life on the Mars in the past because__.A.there is no life there nowB.there is a large amount of water at the polesC.the Mars may be able to support life in the futureD.conditions may have been similar to those on the Earth
共用题干Weight on and off the Earth We are so used to.our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our mind to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted.Because we can feel that things are heavy,we think of "weight"as being a fixed quality in an object,but it is not really fixed at all.If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4,000 miles out from the earth,it would weigh only a quarter of a pound. Why would things weigh only a quarter as much as they do at the surface of the earth if we took them 4,000 miles out into space?The reason is this:all objects have a natural attraction for all other objects;this is called gravitational attraction.But this power of attraction between two obects gets weaker as they get farther apart.When the butter was at the surface of the earth,it was 4,000 miles from the center.When we took the butter 4,000 miles out,it was 8,000 miles from the center,which is twice the distance.If you double the distance between two objects,their gravitational attraction decreases two times two.If you treble the distance, it gets nine times weaker(three times three)and so on. So this is one of the first things we need to remember that the weight of an object in space is not the same as its weight on the surface of the earth. What about the weight of our pound of butter on the surface of the moon?At the distance the puii of the earth is about 4,000 times smaller than it is here on the surface,so we can forget all about the earth-pull on our butter. On the other hand,on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon,but the butter will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the earth.This is because the moon is so much smaller than the earth.The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends on the amount of material in it.A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own;but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon,or the earth,or the sun.According to the passage,"weight"should be understood in the sense thatA:it is fixed if it is outside the earth's gravitational puliB:it decreases four times when it is 4,000 miles from the earth's centerC:it varies with the change of the gravitational attraction between two objectsD:things increase in amount as they are closer to the earth's surface
共用题干Weight on and off the Earth We are so used to.our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our mind to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted.Because we can feel that things are heavy,we think of "weight"as being a fixed quality in an object,but it is not really fixed at all.If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4,000 miles out from the earth,it would weigh only a quarter of a pound. Why would things weigh only a quarter as much as they do at the surface of the earth if we took them 4,000 miles out into space?The reason is this:all objects have a natural attraction for all other objects;this is called gravitational attraction.But this power of attraction between two obects gets weaker as they get farther apart.When the butter was at the surface of the earth,it was 4,000 miles from the center.When we took the butter 4,000 miles out,it was 8,000 miles from the center,which is twice the distance.If you double the distance between two objects,their gravitational attraction decreases two times two.If you treble the distance, it gets nine times weaker(three times three)and so on. So this is one of the first things we need to remember that the weight of an object in space is not the same as its weight on the surface of the earth. What about the weight of our pound of butter on the surface of the moon?At the distance the puii of the earth is about 4,000 times smaller than it is here on the surface,so we can forget all about the earth-pull on our butter. On the other hand,on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon,but the butter will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the earth.This is because the moon is so much smaller than the earth.The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends on the amount of material in it.A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own;but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon,or the earth,or the sun.How much would four pounds of tea weigh if it was taken 4,000 miles out from the surface of the earth?A:1 pound. B:2 pounds. C:3 pounds. D:4 pounds.
共用题干Weight on and off the Earth We are so used to.our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our mind to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted.Because we can feel that things are heavy,we think of "weight"as being a fixed quality in an object,but it is not really fixed at all.If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4,000 miles out from the earth,it would weigh only a quarter of a pound. Why would things weigh only a quarter as much as they do at the surface of the earth if we took them 4,000 miles out into space?The reason is this:all objects have a natural attraction for all other objects;this is called gravitational attraction.But this power of attraction between two obects gets weaker as they get farther apart.When the butter was at the surface of the earth,it was 4,000 miles from the center.When we took the butter 4,000 miles out,it was 8,000 miles from the center,which is twice the distance.If you double the distance between two objects,their gravitational attraction decreases two times two.If you treble the distance, it gets nine times weaker(three times three)and so on. So this is one of the first things we need to remember that the weight of an object in space is not the same as its weight on the surface of the earth. What about the weight of our pound of butter on the surface of the moon?At the distance the puii of the earth is about 4,000 times smaller than it is here on the surface,so we can forget all about the earth-pull on our butter. On the other hand,on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon,but the butter will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the earth.This is because the moon is so much smaller than the earth.The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends on the amount of material in it.A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own;but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon,or the earth,or the sun.We do not feel the gravitational pull of a packet of butter becauseA:it is too small to have a gravitational pull of its ownB:its puil is so small that we tend to ignore itC:its pui1 disappears in the presence of the earth's gravitationD:it tends to melt and loses its gravitational puli
共用题干Where Did the Earth's Water Come From?Earth is located within the"snow line"of the solar system,the region closest to the Sun where H2 0 is primarily in liquid or gaseous form,if at all.______(46)The snow line phenomena is reflected in the water content of planets like Mercury,Venus,and Mars. Water is absent on Mercury.On Venus,H2O only exists as a trace element in the atmosphere.Mars only has a thin veneer of ice in its polar regions.In general,water is rare within the snow line.Why does Earth have so much water relative to the other inner planets?71%of the surface is covered in the oceans,more than half of which is deeper than 3,000 meters,with an approximate total volume of 1.3 billion cu km.______(47)There are various theories as to where all the Earth's water came from,but several theories have fared better than the others.______(48)When the Earth was in the process of forming,with a radius just 40%smaller than at present,it would have had enough gravity to hold on to a tenuous atmosphere with water vapor. The first water vapor on the planet would have come from the planet's internals,where volatile(low weight)chemicals would have a tendency to float to the top,and heavy chemicals(iron and nickel)would sink.Though the first of Earth's water came about through volcanism,this alone probably didn't produce enough to form stable pools on the surface.______(49)Comparing the isotope ratios of water on Earth and water from comets and asteroids has revealed that the majority of the Earth's water comes from asteroids.Throughout its history,Earth's water has increased in volume due to biological processes. In the early seas of Earth,hydrogen sulfide would have been in great supply,which,when reacted with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis in sulfide-reducing bacteria,would have produced hydrogen,sulfur,and water.______(50)________（49）A: More water was added to the planet during several hypothesized large impacts from asteroids from the outer asteroid belt.B:We know that the oceans existed as early as 100 million years after the formation of the Earth.C:Still,the oceans only make up 0.023%of the Earth's total mass.D:Astronomers say Earth s water may have come from space.E:The snow line is located in the outerasteroid belt,between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. F: Many geologists believe that the majority of Earth's water generated through this process.
共用题干Weight on and off the Earth We are so used to.our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our mind to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted.Because we can feel that things are heavy,we think of "weight"as being a fixed quality in an object,but it is not really fixed at all.If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4,000 miles out from the earth,it would weigh only a quarter of a pound. Why would things weigh only a quarter as much as they do at the surface of the earth if we took them 4,000 miles out into space?The reason is this:all objects have a natural attraction for all other objects;this is called gravitational attraction.But this power of attraction between two obects gets weaker as they get farther apart.When the butter was at the surface of the earth,it was 4,000 miles from the center.When we took the butter 4,000 miles out,it was 8,000 miles from the center,which is twice the distance.If you double the distance between two objects,their gravitational attraction decreases two times two.If you treble the distance, it gets nine times weaker(three times three)and so on. So this is one of the first things we need to remember that the weight of an object in space is not the same as its weight on the surface of the earth. What about the weight of our pound of butter on the surface of the moon?At the distance the puii of the earth is about 4,000 times smaller than it is here on the surface,so we can forget all about the earth-pull on our butter. On the other hand,on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon,but the butter will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the earth.This is because the moon is so much smaller than the earth.The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends on the amount of material in it.A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own;but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon,or the earth,or the sun.We find it hard to break free from ideas connected with living on the earth because______.A:it demands too great an effort for us to do soB:we are too familiar with the way things are to question the ideasC:we have proved that those ideas are correctD:we are so sure of ourselves that we never doubt anything on the earth
共用题干So Many"Earths"The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Some Things We Know About LanguageMany things about language are a mystery,and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.First,we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language,no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore,in historical times,there has never been a race of men without a language.Second,there is no such thing as a primitive language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped,who are,as we say,uncivilized,but the languages they speak are not primitive .In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.This has not always been well understood;indeed,the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense .There are,or were,hundreds of American Indian languages,and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with,but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally,we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change;the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical teatures change as do speech sounds,and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rap-idly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language. In the second paragraph the passage tells us that______.A: some backward race doesn't have a language of its ownB: some race in history didn't possess a language of its ownC: any human race,whether backward or not,has a languageD: some races on earth can communicate without language
Electricity （） by the Greeks a good many years ago.A、was first foundB、was first discoveredC、has first been discoveredD、was seen first
单选题All living creature are thought to ______ an organism that came into being three billion years ago.Adescend toBdescend onCdescend intoDdescend from
问答题Scientists hope that a remote lake on a dormant Chilean volcano can provide clues to what life may have been like in a far more distant place—the planet Mars.A 10-member team placed special plates in the lake on Licancabur volcano, at an altitude of 20,000 feet，on Sunday to measure the effects of ultraviolet light on organisms living there.The scientists, mostly from the United States, think learning how Licancabur organisms protect themselves may help researchers understand how life survived on early Earth and perhaps on early Mars as well.The damaging effects of UV radiation intensify at altitude and the air is very thin. And the lake is covered with ice most of the year, as would have been bodies of water on Mars.“If there was life on Mars 3.5 billion years ago, it could have used defense mechanisms similar to those used by the organisms at Licancabur volcano to survive,” said team leader Nathalie Cabrol.