共用题干Teaching Math,Teaching AnxietyIn a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school,the psychologists at the University of Chicago Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship be-tween what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is un-comfortable with her own math skills,then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades,it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement said Levine. In other words,girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up be-lieving that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult,teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn一and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for every-one. Researchers use the word“anxiety”to describe such feelings:anxiety is uneasiness or worry.The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math,that feeling can influ-ence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first-and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year,and the researchers com-pared the scores.The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers:To find outwhich teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math,such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt,for example, was probably anxious about math.Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the studydid. Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math一and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.“This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample,”said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia.The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings______.A: prove a strong link between female teachers'math anxiety and their female students' math achievementsB: show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than fe-male studentsC: provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than femalesD: discover a strong link between teachers'math anxiety and their students'math achievements
共用题干
Teaching Math,Teaching Anxiety
In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school,the psychologists at the University of Chicago Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship be-tween what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is un-comfortable with her own math skills,then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.
If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades,it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement said Levine. In other words,girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up be-lieving that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.
Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult,teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn一and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for every-one. Researchers use the word“anxiety”to describe such feelings:anxiety is uneasiness or worry.
The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math,that feeling can influ-
ence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first-and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year,and the researchers com-pared the scores.
The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers:To find out
which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math,such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt,for example, was probably anxious about math.
Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study
did. Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math一and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.
“This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample,”said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia.
Teaching Math,Teaching Anxiety
In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school,the psychologists at the University of Chicago Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship be-tween what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is un-comfortable with her own math skills,then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.
If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades,it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement said Levine. In other words,girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up be-lieving that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.
Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult,teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn一and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for every-one. Researchers use the word“anxiety”to describe such feelings:anxiety is uneasiness or worry.
The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math,that feeling can influ-
ence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first-and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year,and the researchers com-pared the scores.
The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers:To find out
which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math,such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt,for example, was probably anxious about math.
Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study
did. Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math一and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.
“This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample,”said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia.
The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings______.
A: prove a strong link between female teachers'math anxiety and their female students' math achievements
B: show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than fe-male students
C: provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females
D: discover a strong link between teachers'math anxiety and their students'math achievements
A: prove a strong link between female teachers'math anxiety and their female students' math achievements
B: show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than fe-male students
C: provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females
D: discover a strong link between teachers'math anxiety and their students'math achievements
参考解析
解析：题干意为“依据第一段的内容来看，芝加哥大学的研究结果是什么？”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语 result of the research , University of Chicago , girls , math skills,boys,female teachers' math skills,girl students' math skills作为定位线索，在第一段中寻找到相关句：In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psy-chologists at the University of Chicago Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising rela- tionship between what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills，then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math．第一段是一个独立成段句，该句意为“在最 近一项关于小学生学数学的研究中，芝加哥大学的心理学家Sian Beilock和Susan Levine发现，女教师的想法和女学生的学习之间有着惊人的联系：如果女教师对自己的数学能力感到焦虑，她的女学生很可能会认为男孩学数学比女孩学得更好”。由此可知女教师对自己数学能力的自信会影响女生时自己数学能力的信心，从而最终会影响到女生的数学能力，因此答案为D项“女教师对自己数学能力的自信与女生的数学能力相关”。
题干意为“第三段暗示了什么？”题干中没有任何细节信息词可以利用，因此只能利用备选项中的细节信息词/短语math teachers,math learners, subject,difficulty, dif-ficult subject,teachers' confidence, teaching math, students learning math，利用这些线索词在第三段中找到相关句：Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn一and teach. The subject of math can be particular-ly difficult for everyone. Researchers use the word“anxiety”to describe such feelings: anxie-ty is uneasiness or worry．第三段第一句提到“如同学生会认为某些科目很难学那样，老师也会认为某些学科既难学也难教”。最后一句提到“这就是研究者所言的‘焦虑’：不自在或担心”。依据这两个句子可以推断出作者想要告诉读者，教师会因为数学这门学科难而对教授该课程产生焦虑，也就是不自信，因此答案为B项“像数学这样难学的科目可能会影响教师 对教授该学科的自信”。
题干意为“根据实验来看，当那些老师感到……时可能会对数学产生焦虑感”。利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语experiment , teachers , numbers of a sales re-ceipt作为定位线索，在第五段中找到相关句：The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the research-ers turned to the teachers:To find out which teachers were anxious about math,the research-ers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math,such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt， for example,was probably anxious about math．定位线索词集中出现在第五段第二句和第三句中，因此重点关注这两个句子。这两个句子提到“然后研究者们对教师进行测试，试图找出哪些教师对数学感到焦虑，研究者们问教师们当遇到数学问题诸如阅读销售清单时的感受，如果一位教师一看到销售清单的数字就感到紧张，那么她可能会对数学存在焦虑”。由此可知选项C项“一看销售清单上的数字就感到紧张”是答案。saving the numbers意为“保存数字”,filling in the numbers意为“数字排序”,memorizing the numbers意为“数字记忆”。
题干意为“第六段告诉我们研究结果……”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语research findings,strong link,female teachers' math anxiety,female students' math achievements , math anxiety , strong evidence , math superstars , males , females作为定位线索，在第六段中找到相关句：Boys , on average , were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On aver-age,girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did. Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math su- perstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math一and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety（与female teachers' math anxiety呼应）．定位线索词集中出现在第六段最后一句中，因此重点关注这个句子。该 句意为“在关于是否认为数学高手应该是男孩的测试中，有20个女孩认为男孩数学比女孩好，这20个女孩的老师都是女性，而且都对数学有焦虑感”。这说明女教师对数学的焦虑感会影响女学生对自己数学能力的信心。该句的前一句提到“一般来说，教女孩子的教师对数学有焦虑感，那么女孩子们在学年结束时测试得分会比其他的女孩要低”。结合这两个句子的意思可以得出这样的结论：女教师对数学的焦虑感会影响女学生对自己数学能力的信心，并最终影响女学生的数学成绩，因此该题答案为A项“证明在女教师对数学的焦虑感和女学生的数学成绩之间有密切的联系”。
题干意为“第三段暗示了什么？”题干中没有任何细节信息词可以利用，因此只能利用备选项中的细节信息词/短语math teachers,math learners, subject,difficulty, dif-ficult subject,teachers' confidence, teaching math, students learning math，利用这些线索词在第三段中找到相关句：Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn一and teach. The subject of math can be particular-ly difficult for everyone. Researchers use the word“anxiety”to describe such feelings: anxie-ty is uneasiness or worry．第三段第一句提到“如同学生会认为某些科目很难学那样，老师也会认为某些学科既难学也难教”。最后一句提到“这就是研究者所言的‘焦虑’：不自在或担心”。依据这两个句子可以推断出作者想要告诉读者，教师会因为数学这门学科难而对教授该课程产生焦虑，也就是不自信，因此答案为B项“像数学这样难学的科目可能会影响教师 对教授该学科的自信”。
题干意为“根据实验来看，当那些老师感到……时可能会对数学产生焦虑感”。利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语experiment , teachers , numbers of a sales re-ceipt作为定位线索，在第五段中找到相关句：The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the research-ers turned to the teachers:To find out which teachers were anxious about math,the research-ers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math,such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt， for example,was probably anxious about math．定位线索词集中出现在第五段第二句和第三句中，因此重点关注这两个句子。这两个句子提到“然后研究者们对教师进行测试，试图找出哪些教师对数学感到焦虑，研究者们问教师们当遇到数学问题诸如阅读销售清单时的感受，如果一位教师一看到销售清单的数字就感到紧张，那么她可能会对数学存在焦虑”。由此可知选项C项“一看销售清单上的数字就感到紧张”是答案。saving the numbers意为“保存数字”,filling in the numbers意为“数字排序”,memorizing the numbers意为“数字记忆”。
题干意为“第六段告诉我们研究结果……”利用题干及备选项中的细节信息词/短语research findings,strong link,female teachers' math anxiety,female students' math achievements , math anxiety , strong evidence , math superstars , males , females作为定位线索，在第六段中找到相关句：Boys , on average , were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On aver-age,girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did. Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math su- perstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math一and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety（与female teachers' math anxiety呼应）．定位线索词集中出现在第六段最后一句中，因此重点关注这个句子。该 句意为“在关于是否认为数学高手应该是男孩的测试中，有20个女孩认为男孩数学比女孩好，这20个女孩的老师都是女性，而且都对数学有焦虑感”。这说明女教师对数学的焦虑感会影响女学生对自己数学能力的信心。该句的前一句提到“一般来说，教女孩子的教师对数学有焦虑感，那么女孩子们在学年结束时测试得分会比其他的女孩要低”。结合这两个句子的意思可以得出这样的结论：女教师对数学的焦虑感会影响女学生对自己数学能力的信心，并最终影响女学生的数学成绩，因此该题答案为A项“证明在女教师对数学的焦虑感和女学生的数学成绩之间有密切的联系”。
相关考题：
共用题干Science and Truth“FINAGLE”（欺骗）is not a word that most people associate with science. One reason is that the image of the scientist is of one who always______ (51)data in an impartial（不偏不倚的）search for truth. In any debate______ ( 52 ) intelligence , schooling , energy—the phrase“science says”usually disarms opposition.But scientists have long acknowledged the existence of a“finagle factor”—a tendency by many scientists to give a helpful change to the data to______(53)desired results.The latest of the finagle factor in action comes from Stephen Jay Gould,a Harvard biologist,who has ______(54)the important 19th century work of Dr. Samuel George Morton.Morton was fa-mous in his time for analysing the brain______(55)of the skulls as a measure of intelligence.He concluded that whites had the largest brains,that the brains of Indians and blacks were smaller,and______(56),that whites constitute a superior race.Gould went back to Morton's original data and concluded that the______(57)were an example of the finagle at work .He found that Morton's“discovery”was made by leaving out embarrassing data,______(58)incorrect procedures,and changing his criteria-again,always in fayour of his argument. Morton has been thoroughly discredited by now and scientists do not believe that brain size reflects______(59).But Gould went on to say Morton's story is only an example of a common problem in ______(60)work .Some of the leading figures in science are______(61)to have used the finagle factor. Gould says that Isaac Newton fudged out（捏造）to support at least three central statements that he could not prove .And so______(62)Laudius Ptolemy,the Greek astronomer,whose master work,Almagest,summed up the case for a solar system that had the earth asits centre .Recent______(63)indicate that Ptolemy either faked some key data or resorted heavily to the finagle factor.All this is important because the finagle factor is still at work.For example,in the artificial sweetener controversy,it is______(64)that all the studies sponsored by the sugar industry find that the artificial sweetener is unsafe,______(65)all the studies sponsored by the diet food industry find nothing wrong with it.54._________A:. createdB: writtenC: examinedD: produced
共用题干Avalanche and Its SafetyAn avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow,often mixed with air and water,down a mountainside.Avalanches are _________(51)the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material,typically snowpack,that is too massive and un-stable for the slope. __________(52)supports it.Determining the critical load,the amount of over-burdenwhich is______ (53)to cause an avalanche,_________(54)a complex task involving the evaluationof a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low________(55)of avalanche.Snow does not ________ (56)significantly on steep slopes;also,snow does not__________(57)easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow'S angle of rest is_________(58)35 and 45 degrees;the critical angle,the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest,is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is:A slope that is_________(59) enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche,regardless of the an- gle.Additionally,avalanche risk increases with__________(60);that is,the more a slope is disturbed by skiers,the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject,winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous__________(61),including route selection and examination of the snowpack,weather___________(62),and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also __________ (63)the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports,they should be considered and all warnings should be paid__________(64)to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evalua-tions;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are_________(65)or damaged.Avoid traveling below others whomight trigger an avalanche._________(60)A:useB:timeC:snowD:rain
共用题干What's Killing the BatsFirst it was bees.Now it is bats.Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country.Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats(Myotis lucifugus,)but other species, such as the long-eared bat,the small-footed bat,the eastern pipistrelle,and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In some caves,more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died.One possibility is disease. A white fungus（真菌）known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats.However,scientists don't know if the fungus is the primary cause of death,a secondary cause of death,or not a cause at all,but the result of some other conditions.Another possible cause is a lack of food.For example,bats typically eat a large number of moths（蛾）,and in some states such as New York,the number of moths has been declining in recent years. if bats can't eat enough food,they starve to death.Still other scientists believe that global warming is to blame.Warmer temperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating（冬眠）bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hiberna- lion at the wrong time,they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats.Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off, but they do agree on the conse- quences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes:a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops.If there aren't enough bats,damage will be great from the insects they eat. While bats live a long time for their size-the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years-a female bat has only one baby per year,so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangered.How can you help?Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats.If you discover bats that seem to be sick or that are dead,contact your local Fish& Wildlife Department with the details.However, be careful not to touch the animals. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A: To get people to stop killing batsB: To hire workers for the Fish&Wildlife Department C: To ask people not to touch dead batsD: To tell the public how to help bats
共用题干Earth Angels1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts（烟头）were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms,South Carolina.When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate（解体）,she decided to take action.Joying launched a“No Butts on the Beach"campaign.She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean.With the help of others,Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice-cream buckets.The buckets were filled with sand,and placed at all public-access areas of the beach.The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach.Two years later,Joying says the buckets are full and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris（残片）.2 People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs,Colorado,have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife.Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River.The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School.Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife,Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there.They also made decisions about,among other things,where fences and parking areas should be built.3 Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil.It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria,Texas.They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water-a real danger in rural areas,where people live off the water on their land.The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue.Now,the"Don't Be Crude"program runs oil-collection sites-tanks that hold up to 460 gallons-where people in the community can dispose of their oil.4 Five years ago,11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water.His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn't have clean water,and that as little as $70 could build a well."We really take water for granted," says Ryan,of Kemptville,Ontario,in Canada."In other countries,you have to plan for it."Ryan earned the first$70 by doing extra chores（零工）, but with the help of others,he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars.His efforts led to the start of the Ryan's Well Foundation,which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.Paragraph 1______A:Provide Clean WaterB:Dig Oil WellsC:Save Clean WaterD:Don't LitterE:Don't Be Crude F:Protect Wi1d1ife
共用题干Migrant（移民的）WorkersIn the past twenty years,there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some countries have restricted（限制）most ___________(1)to local people,others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East,___________(2)increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities（设施）.Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers___________(3)the U. S. A. and Europe.It has also brought in workers from many other countries,___________(4)South Korea andJapan.In view of the difficul州lying and working___________(5)in the Middle East,it is not surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians can___________(6)at least twice as much money the Middle East as they can in theirown country, and this is a major ___________(7).Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating(补偿的) advantage.For example, the___________(8)living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to___________(9)on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way,many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly because of the___________(10)of entertainment（娱乐）facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do___________(11)work in their home country.One major problem which___________(12)migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on___________(13),so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be___________(14)since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.In any___________ (15),migrant workers accept this disadvantage,along with others, because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive._________(7)A:advance B:difficulty C:event D:attraction
共用题干Eastern Quakes Can Trigger Big ShakesIn the first week of November 2011,people in central Oklahoma experienced more than two dozen earthquakes. The largest,a magnitude 5 .6 quake,shook thousands of fans in a college football stadium,caused cracks in a few buildings and rattled the nerves of many people who had never felt a quake before. Oklahoma is not an area of the country famous for its quakes. If you watch the news on TV,you see reports about all sorts of natural disasters一 hurricanes,tornadoes,flooding and wildfires,to name a few. But the most dangerous type of natural disaster,and also the most unpredictable,is the earthquake.Researchers at the U. S. Geological Survey estimate that several million earthquakes rattie the globe each year. That may sound scary,but people don't feel many of the tremors because they happen in remote and unpopulated regions.Many quakes happen under the ocean, and others have a very small magnitude,or shaking intensity.A magnitude 5.8 earthquake that struck central Virginia the afternoon of August 23, 2011,was felt from central Georgia to southeastern Canada. In many urban areas,including Washington,D.C.,and New York City(Wall Street shown),people crowded the streets while engineers inspected buildings.Scientists know about small,remote quakes only because of very sensitive electronic devices called seismometers.These devices detect and measure the size of ground vibrationsproduced by earthquakes.Altogether,USGS researchers use seismometers to identify and locate about 20,000 earthquakes each year.Although earthquakes can happen anywhere in the world,really big quakes occur only in certain areas. The largest ones register a magnitude 8 or higher and happen,on average,only once each year. Such big ones typically occur along the edges of Earth's tectonic plates.Tectonic plates are huge pieces of Earth's crust,sometimes many kilometers thick. These plates cover our planet's surface like a jigsaw puzzle. Often,jagged edges of these plates temporarily lock together. When plates jostle and scrape past each other,earthquakes occur. On average,tectonic plates move very slowly一about the same speed as your fingernails grow.But sometimes earthquakes rumble through portions of the landscape far from a plate's edges. Although less expected,these”mid-plate” tremors can do substantial damage. Some of the biggest known examples rattled the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago. Today,scientists are still puzzling over why the quakes occurred and when similar ones might occur.The earthquake is the most unpredictable natural disaster.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
共用题干The Smog（烟雾）For over a month,lndonesia was in crisis.Forest fires raged out of control as the country suffered its worst drought for 50 years.Smoke from the fires mixed with sunlight and hot dry air to form a cloud of smog.This pollution quickly spread and within days it was hanging over neighbouring countries including Malaysia,Singapore and Thailand.When the smoke combined with pollution from factories and cars,it soon became poisonous（有毒的）.Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and pollution levels rose. People wheezed（喘息）and coughed as they left the house and their eyes watered immediately.The smog made it impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot（烟灰）covered everything. In some areas, water was hosed（用胶管浇）from high-rise city buildings to try and break up the smog.Finally,heavy rains,which came in November,put out the fires and cleared the air. But the environmental costs and health problems will remain.Many people from South-Eastern Asian cities already suffer from breathing huge amounts of car exhaust fumes（汽车排放的废气）and factory pollution. Breathing problems could well increase and many non-sufferers may have difficulties for the first time.Wildlife has suffered too.In lowland forests,elephants,deer,and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog.But smog is not just an Asian problem.In fact,the word was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog.Fog often hung over the capital. Sometimes the smog was so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidents.About 4, 000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick smog in 1952.Many Indonesians blamed the government for the drought.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
共用题干Ecosystem1. The word “ecosystem” is short for ecological（生态的）system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms（生物）such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!2 .There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environ-ment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to encourage co-habitation（同居）between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a zoo or garden.3 .Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow,the plants and its fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,microorganisms（微生物）and even hu- mans,of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this hap-pens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.4 .Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and ani-mals for food. In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population. Since plants,animals and humans are all of various species（物种）,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.5 .To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat（栖息地）of plants and animals,and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to con-tinue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement（搬迁）: imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse,overpopulation can also ru- in the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.Paragraph 3_________A: What Can We Do to Help Protect Ecosystems?B: What Are Different types of Ecosystems?C: What Is an Ecosystem?D: What Destroys Ecosystems?E: How Does an Ecosystem Work?F: Why Are Ecosystems Emportant?