单选题Dr. Hartmann is mentioned in the passage ______.Aas the opponent of Dr. Ian OswaldBbecause he has strange sleeping habitsCas the pioneering sleep scientistDbecause of his observation and analysis of sleep habits
单选题
Dr. Hartmann is mentioned in the passage ______.
A
as the opponent of Dr. Ian Oswald
B
because he has strange sleeping habits
C
as the pioneering sleep scientist
D
because of his observation and analysis of sleep habits
参考解析
解析：
由题干中Dr. Hartmann定位到第三段，该段提到每个人需要的睡眠时长都不一样，此外最后一句给出Dr. Ernest Hartmann的观点：找出你所需要的睡眠时间，你将成功地使你的身体以最大的效率运转，接下来文章对Dr. Ernest Hartmann关于睡眠的研究发现进行了介绍，因此D项为正确答案。
由题干中Dr. Hartmann定位到第三段，该段提到每个人需要的睡眠时长都不一样，此外最后一句给出Dr. Ernest Hartmann的观点：找出你所需要的睡眠时间，你将成功地使你的身体以最大的效率运转，接下来文章对Dr. Ernest Hartmann关于睡眠的研究发现进行了介绍，因此D项为正确答案。
相关考题：
Suppose we built a robot(机器人)to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors(探测器)to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No. The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to stop its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning.According to the evolutionary(进化的)theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny(否认)that sleep provides some important restorative functions(恢复功能). It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform. those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into;it does not protect us form. trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.The evolutionary theory explains the differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival(生存)depends on their ability to run away from attackers.1. The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us _____.A. the differences between robots and menB. the reason why men need to sleepC. about the need for robots to save powerD. about the danger of men working at night2. Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him _____.A. keep up a regular pattern of lifeB. prevent trouble that comes looking for himC. avoid danger and inefficient labourD. restore his bodily functions3. According to the author, we cannot sleep well when we _____.A. are worrying about our safetyB. are overworkedC. are in a tentD. are away from home4. Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because cats _____.A. need more time for restorationB. are unlikely to be attackersC. are more alive than horses when they are awakeD. spend less time eating to get enough energy5. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? _____A. Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.B. The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.C. Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.D. The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.
共用题干第二篇Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流 行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien- tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours' sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho- logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."The word"subjects"(Line 1,Para 4)refers to_________. A:the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficit B:special branches of knowledge that are being studied C:people whose behavior or reactions are being studied D:the psycological consequences of sleep deficit
共用题干Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr.David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5;5 hours, sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as arc abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had______.A:no drive and ambition B:the best sleep habitsC:no electric light D:nothing to do in the evening
共用题干第二篇Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流 行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien- tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours' sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho- logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."Many Americans believe that________.A:sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busyB:they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday lifeC:to sleep is something one can do at any time of the dayD:enough sleep promotes people's drives and ambition
共用题干第二篇Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流 行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien- tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours' sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho- logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had_______.A:no drive and ambition B:the best sleep habitsC:no electric lightD:nothing to do in the evening
共用题干第二篇Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流 行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien- tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours' sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho- logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."According to Dr. David,Americans_________.A:are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB:often neglect the consequences of sleep deficitC:don't know how to relax themselves properlyD:can't get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
共用题干Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You SleepThe United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders.It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.Last Wednesday,the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerouseffects.These include the risk of life-threatening allergic（过敏性的）reactions.They also include rareincidents of strange behavior.These include people cooking food,eating and even driving while asleep.The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.Last year,a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident.PatrickKennedy , a representative from Rhode Island,crashed his car into a security barrier near the building wherelawmakers meet.The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt.Mr.Kennedy saidhe had earlier taken a sleep medicine.He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug thatcan cause sleepiness.The FDA did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented.However,the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien.Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking.Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep.But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.An FDA official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare.But,he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs.The FDA has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.What happened to Patrick Kennedy last year?A:He crashed his car into a security barrier.B:He was killed during a car accident.C:His car broke down on the way home.D:He was treated for stomachache.
共用题干第三篇Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.""Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."According to Dr. David,Americans___________.A: are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB:often neglect the consequences of sleep deficitC:do not know how to relax themselves properlyD:can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
共用题干Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You SleepThe United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders.It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.Last Wednesday,the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerouseffects.These include the risk of life-threatening allergic（过敏性的）reactions.They also include rareincidents of strange behavior.These include people cooking food,eating and even driving while asleep.The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.Last year,a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident.PatrickKennedy , a representative from Rhode Island,crashed his car into a security barrier near the building wherelawmakers meet.The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt.Mr.Kennedy saidhe had earlier taken a sleep medicine.He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug thatcan cause sleepiness.The FDA did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented.However,the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien.Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking.Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep.But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.An FDA official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare.But,he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs.The FDA has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.The FDA announced that______.A:thirteen drug companies were closed last WednesdayB:only thirteen drugs could treat sleeping disordersC:some sleep drugs could lead to serious side effectsD:some makers of sleeping pills provided false information to their patients
共用题干第三篇Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.""Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."The word"subjects"(line 1,Para.4)refers to__________.A:the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficitB:special branches of knowledge that are being studiedC:people whose behaviors or reactions are being studiedD:the psychological consequences of sleep deficit
共用题干第三篇Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.""Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had__________.A:no drive and ambitionB:no electric lightingC:the best sleep habitsD:a lot to do the next day
共用题干第二篇Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流 行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien- tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours' sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho- logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."It can be infered from this passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to_________.A:improve one’s memory dramaticallyB:be considered dynamic by other peopleC:maintain one’s daily scheduleD:feel energetic and perform adequately
共用题干第三篇Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.""Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."Many Americans believe that__________.A:sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busyB:they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday lifeC:to sleep is something one can do at any time of the dayD:enough sleep promotes people's drive and ambition
共用题干第三篇Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.""Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."It can be concluded from the passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to________.A:improve one's memory dramaticallyB:be considered dynamic by other peopleC:maintain one's daily scheduleD:feel energetic and perform adequately
共用题干Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You SleepThe United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders.It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.Last Wednesday,the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerouseffects.These include the risk of life-threatening allergic（过敏性的）reactions.They also include rareincidents of strange behavior.These include people cooking food,eating and even driving while asleep.The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.Last year,a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident.PatrickKennedy , a representative from Rhode Island,crashed his car into a security barrier near the building wherelawmakers meet.The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt.Mr.Kennedy saidhe had earlier taken a sleep medicine.He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug thatcan cause sleepiness.The FDA did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented.However,the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien.Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking.Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep.But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.An FDA official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare.But,he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs.The FDA has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.The risk of strange behaviors resulting from taking sleeping pills could be reduced if______.A:the FDA takes more strict regulationsB:drug companies listen to patients’adviceC:the New York Times releases more reports D:people don't drink alcohol whlie taking these pills
The author suggests the Dr. Mahathir's comments on the currency problems （ ）.A.are poor because they weaken his own credibilityB.are sharp in identifying the cause of the problemC.prove that he has been a poor leader in generalD.reveal his keen insight into the complex issue
Passage TwoThe thought of not sleeping for twenty-four hours or more is not a pleasant one for most people．The amount of sleep that each person needs varies．In general,each of us needs about eight hours of sleep each day to keep our bodies healthy and happy．Some people,however,can get by just a few hours of sleep at night．It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps．But everyone needs some rest to stay alive．Few doctors would have thought that there might be an exception on this．Sleep is,after all,a very basic need．But a man named AI Herpin turned out to be a real exception,for supposedly,he never slept!A1 Herpin was 90 years old when doctors came to his home in New Jersey．They hoped to negate the claims that he never slept．But they were surprised．Though they watched him every hour of the day,they never saw Herpin sleeping．He did not even own a bed．He never needed one．The closest that Herpin came to resting was to sit in a rocking chair and read a half dozen news-papers．His doctors were baffled by this strange case of permanent insomnia．Herpin offered the only clue to his condition．He remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days be-fore he had been born．Herpin died at the age of 94,never having slept a wink．The most likely reason on Herpion's insomnia was______A.his mother's injury before he was bornB.that he never got tiredC.his magnificent physical conditionD.that he got enough rest rocking
Passage TwoThe thought of not sleeping for twenty-four hours or more is not a pleasant one for most people．The amount of sleep that each person needs varies．In general,each of us needs about eight hours of sleep each day to keep our bodies healthy and happy．Some people,however,can get by just a few hours of sleep at night．It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps．But everyone needs some rest to stay alive．Few doctors would have thought that there might be an exception on this．Sleep is,after all,a very basic need．But a man named AI Herpin turned out to be a real exception,for supposedly,he never slept!A1 Herpin was 90 years old when doctors came to his home in New Jersey．They hoped to negate the claims that he never slept．But they were surprised．Though they watched him every hour of the day,they never saw Herpin sleeping．He did not even own a bed．He never needed one．The closest that Herpin came to resting was to sit in a rocking chair and read a half dozen news-papers．His doctors were baffled by this strange case of permanent insomnia．Herpin offered the only clue to his condition．He remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days be-fore he had been born．Herpin died at the age of 94,never having slept a wink．This passage centers on______A.dream interpretationB.patterns of sleepC.A1 Herpin's sleepless lifeD.sleeps and dreams
单选题According to the passage, Dr. Barry was made fun of because she______.Ahad a low voiceBhad a funny beardCwas tallDwas short
单选题Dr. Hartmann is mentioned in the passage ______.Aas the opponent of Dr. Ian OswaldBbecause he has strange sleeping habitsCas the pioneering sleep scientistDbecause of his observation and analysis of sleep habits
单选题A surgeon who has worked 40 hours in a row without sleep ______.Acan still provide quality medical careBwill remain alert because he is used to itCmay ignore the potential risk of insufficient sleepDshould be fired if he continues the medical operation
单选题According to the passage, people have difficulty getting to sleep because ______.Athey work more than sixty hours a weekBthey have too many enemiesCthey do not sleep happilyDthey are not tired enough
单选题Sleep is a funny thing because ______.Athe longer one sleeps, the less sound sleep he getsBthe more sleep one gets, the more likely a stroke occursCmany people stick to about eight hours of sleep to stay fineDmany people who sleep six hours a night still feel energetic in the day
单选题Passage 1People often complained about not gettinga good night's sleep, but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well, while others survive on only a few hours. Still, most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times, people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours, waking up, then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire, candles, or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period, you might be a hard-working farmer, and you would come home, eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9:00 or 10:00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch, or watching period. When you came out of first sleep, you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow, meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream, or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing, you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and the slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping problem, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping.A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?APeople had a divided sleep pattern only in the 18th century.BScientists agree that artificial lighting changed the way people sleep.CSome of the people today are not familiar with the practice of divided sleep.DSleeping for one long period may explain why some people have sleep problems.
单选题Passage 1People often complained about not gettinga good night's sleep, but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well, while others survive on only a few hours. Still, most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times, people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours, waking up, then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire, candles, or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period, you might be a hard-working farmer, and you would come home, eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9:00 or 10:00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch, or watching period. When you came out of first sleep, you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow, meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream, or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing, you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and the slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping problem, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping.A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.In paragraph 5, what does the research study suggest about divided sleep?ADivided sleep is a strange way to sleep.BDivided sleep is a natural sleep pattern for human.CDivided sleep occurs when people sleep with artificial lights.DDivided sleep means sleeping 11 hours in one period.
单选题Passage 1People often complained about not gettinga good night's sleep, but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well, while others survive on only a few hours. Still, most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times, people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours, waking up, then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire, candles, or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period, you might be a hard-working farmer, and you would come home, eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9:00 or 10:00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch, or watching period. When you came out of first sleep, you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow, meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream, or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing, you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and the slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping problem, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping.A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.What is the main idea of the text?APeople in the past did not sleep as well as people today.BPeople in the past divided their sleep into two parts.CPeople in the past woke up easily because of hard working.DPeople in the past fell asleep easily because of hard work.
单选题Passage2People often complained about not getting"a good night's sleep"，but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well，while others survive on only a few hours. Still，most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times，people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours，waking up，then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century，people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire，candles，or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period，you might be a hard-working farmer，and you would come home，eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9：00 or 10：00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch，or watching period. When you came out of first sleep，you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow，meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream，or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing，you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and then slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping "problem", but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.What is the main purpose of paragraph 2～4?ATo explain what happens in a night of divided sleep.BTo give an opinion about the divided sleep pattern.CTo describe the life of farmers before the 18th century.DTo explain the lives of writers and artists before the 18th century.
单选题Passage 1People often complained about not gettinga good night's sleep, but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well, while others survive on only a few hours. Still, most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times, people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours, waking up, then going back to sleep.Before the 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire, candles, or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people's sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period, you might be a hard-working farmer, and you would come home, eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9:00 or 10:00 P.M. In this first period of sleep-called first sleep-you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards.Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch, or watching period. When you came out of first sleep, you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow, meditate on the day's events or the meaning of a dream, or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing, you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture.Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight.Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours(from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and the slept again for four hours till early morning.Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping problem, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping.A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.What conclusion does the writer make about divided sleep?AIt is one type of sleeping problem.BIt may help people handle daily stress.CIt is not the best sleep pattern for everyone.DIt is even a common practice in modern times.