4 The transition to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) involves major change for companies as IFRSsintroduce significant changes in accounting practices that were often not required by national generally acceptedaccounting practice. It is important that the interpretation and application of IFRSs is consistent from country tocountry. IFRSs are partly based on rules, and partly on principles and management’s judgement. Judgement is morelikely to be better used when it is based on experience of IFRSs within a sound financial reporting infrastructure. It ishoped that national differences in accounting will be eliminated and financial statements will be consistent andcomparable worldwide.Required:(a) Discuss how the changes in accounting practices on transition to IFRSs and choice in the application ofindividual IFRSs could lead to inconsistency between the financial statements of companies. (17 marks)
4 The transition to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) involves major change for companies as IFRSs
introduce significant changes in accounting practices that were often not required by national generally accepted
accounting practice. It is important that the interpretation and application of IFRSs is consistent from country to
country. IFRSs are partly based on rules, and partly on principles and management’s judgement. Judgement is more
likely to be better used when it is based on experience of IFRSs within a sound financial reporting infrastructure. It is
hoped that national differences in accounting will be eliminated and financial statements will be consistent and
comparable worldwide.
Required:
(a) Discuss how the changes in accounting practices on transition to IFRSs and choice in the application of
individual IFRSs could lead to inconsistency between the financial statements of companies. (17 marks)
相关考题：
(b) Prepare a consolidated balance sheet as at 31 October 2005 for the Lateral Group in accordance withInternational Financial Reporting Standards. (21 marks)
3 The directors of Panel, a public limited company, are reviewing the procedures for the calculation of the deferred taxprovision for their company. They are quite surprised at the impact on the provision caused by changes in accountingstandards such as IFRS1 ‘First time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards’ and IFRS2 ‘Share-basedPayment’. Panel is adopting International Financial Reporting Standards for the first time as at 31 October 2005 andthe directors are unsure how the deferred tax provision will be calculated in its financial statements ended on thatdate including the opening provision at 1 November 2003.Required:(a) (i) Explain how changes in accounting standards are likely to have an impact on the provision for deferredtaxation under IAS12 ‘Income Taxes’. (5 marks)
5 Ambush, a public limited company, is assessing the impact of implementing the revised IAS39 ‘Financial Instruments:Recognition and Measurement’. The directors realise that significant changes may occur in their accounting treatmentof financial instruments and they understand that on initial recognition any financial asset or liability can bedesignated as one to be measured at fair value through profit or loss (the fair value option). However, there are certainissues that they wish to have explained and these are set out below.Required:(a) Outline in a report to the directors of Ambush the following information:(i) how financial assets and liabilities are measured and classified, briefly setting out the accountingmethod used for each category. (Hedging relationships can be ignored.) (10 marks)
5 The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is currently in a joint project with the Accounting StandardsBoard (ASB) in the UK and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the USA in the area of reportingfinancial performance/comprehensive income. The main focus of the project is the development of a single statementof comprehensive income to replace the income statement and statement of changes in equity. The objective is toanalyse all income and expenses and categorise them in a way that increases users’ understanding of the results ofan entity and assists in forming expectations of future income and expenditure. There seems to be some consensusthat the performance statement should be divided into three components being the results of operating activities,financing and treasury activities, and other gains and losses.Required:(a) Describe the reasons why the three accounting standards boards have decided to cooperate and produce asingle statement of financial performance. (8 marks)
(b) Prepare the balance sheet of York at 31 October 2006, using International Financial Reporting Standards,discussing the nature of the accounting treatments selected, the adjustments made and the values placedon the items in the balance sheet. (20 marks)
5 International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) are primarily designed for use by publicly listed companies andin many countries the majority of companies using IFRSs are listed companies. In other countries IFRSs are used asnational Generally Accepted Accounting Practices (GAAP) for all companies including unlisted entities. It has beenargued that the same IFRSs should be used by all entities or alternatively a different body of standards should applyto small and medium entities (SMEs).Required:(a) Discuss whether there is a need to develop a set of IFRSs specifically for SMEs. (7 marks)
5 Financial statements have seen an increasing move towards the use of fair values in accounting. Advocates of ‘fairvalue accounting’ believe that fair value is the most relevant measure for financial reporting whilst others believe thathistorical cost provides a more useful measure.Issues have been raised over the reliability and measurement of fair values, and over the nature of the current levelof disclosure in financial statements in this area.Required:(a) Discuss the problems associated with the reliability and measurement of fair values and the nature of anyadditional disclosures which may be required if fair value accounting is to be used exclusively in corporatereporting. (13 marks)
4 The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has begun a joint project to revisit its conceptual framework forfinancial accounting and reporting. The goals of the project are to build on the existing frameworks and converge theminto a common framework.Required:(a) Discuss why there is a need to develop an agreed international conceptual framework and the extent to whichan agreed international conceptual framework can be used to resolve practical accounting issues.(13 marks)
(b) Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position of the Ribby Group at 31 May 2008 in accordancewith International Financial Reporting Standards. (35 marks)
(b) When a director retires, amounts become payable to the director as a form. of retirement benefit as an annuity.These amounts are not based on salaries paid to the director under an employment contract. Sirus hascontractual or constructive obligations to make payments to former directors as at 30 April 2008 as follows:(i) certain former directors are paid a fixed annual amount for a fixed term beginning on the first anniversary ofthe director’s retirement. If the director dies, an amount representing the present value of the future paymentis paid to the director’s estate.(ii) in the case of other former directors, they are paid a fixed annual amount which ceases on death.The rights to the annuities are determined by the length of service of the former directors and are set out in theformer directors’ service contracts. (6 marks)Required:Draft a report to the directors of Sirus which discusses the principles and nature of the accounting treatment ofthe above elements under International Financial Reporting Standards in the financial statements for the yearended 30 April 2008.
(c) On 1 May 2007 Sirus acquired another company, Marne plc. The directors of Marne, who were the onlyshareholders, were offered an increased profit share in the enlarged business for a period of two years after thedate of acquisition as an incentive to accept the purchase offer. After this period, normal remuneration levels willbe resumed. Sirus estimated that this would cost them $5 million at 30 April 2008, and a further $6 million at30 April 2009. These amounts will be paid in cash shortly after the respective year ends. (5 marks)Required:Draft a report to the directors of Sirus which discusses the principles and nature of the accounting treatment ofthe above elements under International Financial Reporting Standards in the financial statements for the yearended 30 April 2008.
(d) Sirus raised a loan with a bank of $2 million on 1 May 2007. The market interest rate of 8% per annum is tobe paid annually in arrears and the principal is to be repaid in 10 years time. The terms of the loan allow Sirusto redeem the loan after seven years by paying the full amount of the interest to be charged over the ten yearperiod, plus a penalty of $200,000 and the principal of $2 million. The effective interest rate of the repaymentoption is 9·1%. The directors of Sirus are currently restructuring the funding of the company and are in initialdiscussions with the bank about the possibility of repaying the loan within the next financial year. Sirus isuncertain about the accounting treatment for the current loan agreement and whether the loan can be shown asa current liability because of the discussions with the bank. (6 marks)Appropriateness of the format and presentation of the report and quality of discussion (2 marks)Required:Draft a report to the directors of Sirus which discusses the principles and nature of the accounting treatment ofthe above elements under International Financial Reporting Standards in the financial statements for the yearended 30 April 2008.
Required:Discuss the principles and practices which should be used in the financial year to 30 November 2008 to accountfor:(b) the costs incurred in extending the network; (7 marks)
4 Whilst acknowledging the importance of high quality corporate reporting, the recommendations to improve it aresometimes questioned on the basis that the marketplace for capital can determine the nature and quality of corporatereporting. It could be argued that additional accounting and disclosure standards would only distort a marketmechanism that already works well and would add costs to the reporting mechanism, with no apparent benefit. Itcould be said that accounting standards create costly, inefficient, and unnecessary regulation. It could be argued thatincreased disclosure reduces risks and offers a degree of protection to users. However, increased disclosure has severalcosts to the preparer of financial statements.Required:(a) Explain why accounting standards are needed to help the market mechanism work effectively for the benefitof preparers and users of corporate reports. (9 marks)
5 An enterprise has made a material change to an accounting policy in preparing its current financial statements.Which of the following disclosures are required by IAS 8 Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimatesand errors in these financial statements?1 The reasons for the change.2 The amount of the consequent adjustment in the current period and in comparative information for prior periods.3 An estimate of the effect of the change on future periods, where possible.A 1 and 2 onlyB 1 and 3 onlyC 2 and 3 onlyD All three items
19 Which of the following statements about intangible assets in company financial statements are correct accordingto international accounting standards?1 Internally generated goodwill should not be capitalised.2 Purchased goodwill should normally be amortised through the income statement.3 Development expenditure must be capitalised if certain conditions are met.A 1 and 3 onlyB 1 and 2 onlyC 2 and 3 onlyD All three statements are correct
(b) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act contains provisions for the attestation (verification) and reporting to shareholders ofinternal controls over financial reporting.Required:Describe the typical contents of an external report on internal controls. (8 marks)
(c) Construct the arguments in favour of Professor Leroi’s remark that external reporting requirements on internalcontrols were ‘too ambitious’ for small and medium companies. (4 marks)
4 (a) The purpose of ISA 510 ‘Initial Engagements – Opening Balances’ is to establish standards and provide guidanceregarding opening balances when the financial statements are audited for the first time or when the financialstatements for the prior period were audited by another auditor.Required:Explain the auditor’s reporting responsibilities that are specific to initial engagements. (5 marks)
6 The explosive growth of investing and raising capital in the global markets has put new emphasis on the developmentof international accounting, auditing and ethical standards. The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) hasbeen at the forefront of the development of the worldwide accountancy profession through its activities in ethics,auditing and education.Required:Explain the developments in each of the following areas and indicate how they affect Chartered CertifiedAccountants:(a) IFAC’s ‘Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants’; (5 marks)
4 (a) The purpose of ISA 250 Consideration of Laws and Regulations in an Audit of Financial Statements is toestablish standards and provide guidance on the auditor’s responsibility to consider laws and regulations in anaudit of financial statements.Explain the auditor’s responsibilities for reporting non-compliance that comes to the auditor’s attentionduring the conduct of an audit. (5 marks)
6 Certain practices have developed that threaten to damage the integrity and objectivity of professional accountants andthe reputation of the accounting profession.Required:Explain the following practices and associated ethical risks and discuss whether current ethical guidance issufficient:(a) ‘lowballing’; (5 marks)
At the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, ______ up around 4 percent of national total.A：madeB：to makeC：makingD：having made
听力原文：M: The primary objective of financial reporting is to provide information useful for making investment and lending decisions.W: The information must be relevant, reliable, and comparable.Q: What is the primary objective of financial reporting?(15)A．To make investment.B．To record data.C．To provide useful information.D．To understand some basic accounting principles.
The two most common specialized fields of accounting in practice are(). A.managerial accounting and financial accountingB.managerial accounting and environmental accountingC.forensic accounting and financial accountingD.financial accounting and tax accounting systems
Change management would typically be composed of the raising and recording of changes, assessing the impact, cost, benefit and risk of proposed changes,developing business justification and obtaining approval, managing and coordinating change implementation, monitoring and reporting on implementation, reviewing and closing （）. A. change reason B. change modelC. remediation planD. change requests
Software configuration management（SCM）is the task of tracking and controlling changes in the software. Configuration management practices include configuration identification，change control, （ ） and configuration audit. A.milestones marking B.status reporting C.stakeholder management D.quality audit