The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has (1) across the Web.Can privacy be preserved (2) bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly (3) ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a (4) to make the Web a safer place a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech (5) of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled (6) one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential (7) to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to (8) a federation of private online identity systems. User could (9) which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license (10) by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to (11) just once but use many different services.(12) , the approach would create a "walled garden" cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a (13) community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with (14) ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructrue (15) which the transaction runs".Still, the administration's plan has (16) privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would (17) be a compulsory Internet "drive's license" mentality.The plan has also been greeted with (18) by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet (19) . They argue that all Internet users should be (20) to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.(1)A．sweptB．skippedC．walkedD．ridden
The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has (1) across the Web.
Can privacy be preserved (2) bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly (3) ?
Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a (4) to make the Web a safer place a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech (5) of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled (6) one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential (7) to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.
The idea is to (8) a federation of private online identity systems. User could (9) which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license (10) by the government.
Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to (11) just once but use many different services.
(12) , the approach would create a "walled garden" cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a (13) community.
Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with (14) ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructrue (15) which the transaction runs".
Still, the administration's plan has (16) privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would (17) be a compulsory Internet "drive's license" mentality.
The plan has also been greeted with (18) by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet (19) . They argue that all Internet users should be (20) to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.
(1)
A．swept
B．skipped
C．walked
D．ridden
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But, for all these changes to happen, key issues of interoperability, usability, security, and privacy still need to be addressed.
While the Internet is inherently insecure, businesses still need to preserve the privacy of data as it travels over the network. To help do that, the Internet Engineering Task Force an international group of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of(71)has developed a suite of(72)called Internet Protocol Security(IPSec).IPSec creates a standard platform. to develop secure networks and electronic(73)between two machines. Secure tunneling via IPSec creates(74)connections in a network through which data packets can move. It creates these tunnels between remote users and within a local network. It also(75)each data packet in a new packet that contains the information neccessary to set up, maintain and tear down the tunnel when it's no longer needed.A．channelsB．Web browserC．Internet dataD．Internet architecture
The Schuyler and Livingston Iron Works has been working on getting its network security under control. It has set up VPN with IPSec links to its suppliers. It has installed network vulnerability scanners to proactively identify areas of weakness, and it monitors and responds to security events as they occur. It also employs extensive access control lists, stateful firewall implementations, and dedicated firewall appliances. The company has been growing very fast lately and wants to make sure it is up to date on security measures.Which two areas of security would you advise the company to strengthen? （）A. intrusion protectionB. identityC. secure connectivityD. security management
Recent federal regulatory activity has been _______ to protect the privacy of consumer’s personal information.A.implementing B.implement C.implemented D.implements
The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation’s cyber-czar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a“voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer.and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems.User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create a“walled garden”n cyberspace,with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still,the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet“drive’s license”mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,who worry that the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19.They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves,in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.2选？A.forB.withinC.whileD.though
The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation’s cyber-czar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a“voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer.and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems.User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create a“walled garden”n cyberspace,with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still,the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet“drive’s license”mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,who worry that the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19.They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves,in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.20选？A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forced
The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation’s cyber-czar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a“voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer.and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems.User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create a“walled garden”n cyberspace,with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still,the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet“drive’s license”mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,who worry that the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19.They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves,in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1选？A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden
Text 2 America rarely looks to Brussels for guidance.Commercial freedom appeals more than governmental control.But when it comes to data privacy,the case for copying the best bits of the European Union's approach is compelling.The General Data Protection Regulation（GDPR）is due to come into force next month.It is rules-heavy and has its flaws,but its premise that consumers should be in charge of their personal data is the right one.The law lets users gain access to,and to correct,information that firms hold on them.It gives consumers the right to transfer their data to another organisation.It requires companies to define how they keep data secure.And it lets regulators levy big fines if firms break the rules.America has enacted privacy rules in areas such as health care.But it has never passed an overarching data-protection law.The failings of America's self-regulatory approach are becoming clearer by the week.Large parts of the online economy are fuelled by data that consumers spray around without thought.Companies'mysterious privacy policies obscure what they do with their users'information,which often amounts to pretty much anything they please.Facebook is embroiled in crisis after news that data on 87m users had been passed to a political-campaign firm.These are changing the calculus about the benefits of self-regulation.Opponents of privacy legislation have long argued that the imposition of rules would keep technology companies from innovating.Yet as trust leaks out of the system,innovation is likely to suffer.If consumers worry about what smartphone apps may do with their data,fewer new offerings will take off.It is striking that many of the firms preparing for the GDPR's arrival in Europe are excited that the law has forced them to put their data house in order.The need to minimise legal fragmentation only adds to the case for America to adopt bits of the GDPR.One reason behind the new rules in the EU was to harmonise data-protection laws so that firms can do business across Europe more easily.America is moving in the opposite direction.States that have detected a need for greater privacy are drafting their own laws.California has pending legislation that would establish a data-protection authority to regulate how the state's big tech firms use Californians'personal data.The GDPR is far from perfect.At nearly 100 articles long,it is too complex and tries to achieve too many things.The compliance costs for smaller firms,in particular,look burdensome.But these are arguments for using it as a template,not for ignoring the issue of data protection.If America continues on today's path,it will fail to protect the privacy of its citizens and long-term health of its firms.America's data economy has thrived so far with hardly any rules.That era is over.It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that privacy legislation is likely to_____A.be opposed by tech companiesB.cause concerns among consumersC.promote corporate innovationD.hinder the popularity of apps
Text 2 America rarely looks to Brussels for guidance.Commercial freedom appeals more than governmental control.But when it comes to data privacy,the case for copying the best bits of the European Union's approach is compelling.The General Data Protection Regulation（GDPR）is due to come into force next month.It is rules-heavy and has its flaws,but its premise that consumers should be in charge of their personal data is the right one.The law lets users gain access to,and to correct,information that firms hold on them.It gives consumers the right to transfer their data to another organisation.It requires companies to define how they keep data secure.And it lets regulators levy big fines if firms break the rules.America has enacted privacy rules in areas such as health care.But it has never passed an overarching data-protection law.The failings of America's self-regulatory approach are becoming clearer by the week.Large parts of the online economy are fuelled by data that consumers spray around without thought.Companies'mysterious privacy policies obscure what they do with their users'information,which often amounts to pretty much anything they please.Facebook is embroiled in crisis after news that data on 87m users had been passed to a political-campaign firm.These are changing the calculus about the benefits of self-regulation.Opponents of privacy legislation have long argued that the imposition of rules would keep technology companies from innovating.Yet as trust leaks out of the system,innovation is likely to suffer.If consumers worry about what smartphone apps may do with their data,fewer new offerings will take off.It is striking that many of the firms preparing for the GDPR's arrival in Europe are excited that the law has forced them to put their data house in order.The need to minimise legal fragmentation only adds to the case for America to adopt bits of the GDPR.One reason behind the new rules in the EU was to harmonise data-protection laws so that firms can do business across Europe more easily.America is moving in the opposite direction.States that have detected a need for greater privacy are drafting their own laws.California has pending legislation that would establish a data-protection authority to regulate how the state's big tech firms use Californians'personal data.The GDPR is far from perfect.At nearly 100 articles long,it is too complex and tries to achieve too many things.The compliance costs for smaller firms,in particular,look burdensome.But these are arguments for using it as a template,not for ignoring the issue of data protection.If America continues on today's path,it will fail to protect the privacy of its citizens and long-term health of its firms.America's data economy has thrived so far with hardly any rules.That era is over.Facebook is mentioned to show that_____.A.America needs a general data-protection lawB.online economy relies heavily on consumer dataC.online news can produce strong economic impactD.America has benefited greatly from self-regulation
Text 2 America rarely looks to Brussels for guidance.Commercial freedom appeals more than governmental control.But when it comes to data privacy,the case for copying the best bits of the European Union's approach is compelling.The General Data Protection Regulation（GDPR）is due to come into force next month.It is rules-heavy and has its flaws,but its premise that consumers should be in charge of their personal data is the right one.The law lets users gain access to,and to correct,information that firms hold on them.It gives consumers the right to transfer their data to another organisation.It requires companies to define how they keep data secure.And it lets regulators levy big fines if firms break the rules.America has enacted privacy rules in areas such as health care.But it has never passed an overarching data-protection law.The failings of America's self-regulatory approach are becoming clearer by the week.Large parts of the online economy are fuelled by data that consumers spray around without thought.Companies'mysterious privacy policies obscure what they do with their users'information,which often amounts to pretty much anything they please.Facebook is embroiled in crisis after news that data on 87m users had been passed to a political-campaign firm.These are changing the calculus about the benefits of self-regulation.Opponents of privacy legislation have long argued that the imposition of rules would keep technology companies from innovating.Yet as trust leaks out of the system,innovation is likely to suffer.If consumers worry about what smartphone apps may do with their data,fewer new offerings will take off.It is striking that many of the firms preparing for the GDPR's arrival in Europe are excited that the law has forced them to put their data house in order.The need to minimise legal fragmentation only adds to the case for America to adopt bits of the GDPR.One reason behind the new rules in the EU was to harmonise data-protection laws so that firms can do business across Europe more easily.America is moving in the opposite direction.States that have detected a need for greater privacy are drafting their own laws.California has pending legislation that would establish a data-protection authority to regulate how the state's big tech firms use Californians'personal data.The GDPR is far from perfect.At nearly 100 articles long,it is too complex and tries to achieve too many things.The compliance costs for smaller firms,in particular,look burdensome.But these are arguments for using it as a template,not for ignoring the issue of data protection.If America continues on today's path,it will fail to protect the privacy of its citizens and long-term health of its firms.America's data economy has thrived so far with hardly any rules.That era is over.The most suitable title for this text would be____A.American firms in Europe will have to comply with the GDPRB.America should protect its citizens'privacy and its firms'healthC.America should borrow from Europe's data-privacy lawD.America's data economy is evolving into a new era
Text 2 America rarely looks to Brussels for guidance.Commercial freedom appeals more than governmental control.But when it comes to data privacy,the case for copying the best bits of the European Union's approach is compelling.The General Data Protection Regulation（GDPR）is due to come into force next month.It is rules-heavy and has its flaws,but its premise that consumers should be in charge of their personal data is the right one.The law lets users gain access to,and to correct,information that firms hold on them.It gives consumers the right to transfer their data to another organisation.It requires companies to define how they keep data secure.And it lets regulators levy big fines if firms break the rules.America has enacted privacy rules in areas such as health care.But it has never passed an overarching data-protection law.The failings of America's self-regulatory approach are becoming clearer by the week.Large parts of the online economy are fuelled by data that consumers spray around without thought.Companies'mysterious privacy policies obscure what they do with their users'information,which often amounts to pretty much anything they please.Facebook is embroiled in crisis after news that data on 87m users had been passed to a political-campaign firm.These are changing the calculus about the benefits of self-regulation.Opponents of privacy legislation have long argued that the imposition of rules would keep technology companies from innovating.Yet as trust leaks out of the system,innovation is likely to suffer.If consumers worry about what smartphone apps may do with their data,fewer new offerings will take off.It is striking that many of the firms preparing for the GDPR's arrival in Europe are excited that the law has forced them to put their data house in order.The need to minimise legal fragmentation only adds to the case for America to adopt bits of the GDPR.One reason behind the new rules in the EU was to harmonise data-protection laws so that firms can do business across Europe more easily.America is moving in the opposite direction.States that have detected a need for greater privacy are drafting their own laws.California has pending legislation that would establish a data-protection authority to regulate how the state's big tech firms use Californians'personal data.The GDPR is far from perfect.At nearly 100 articles long,it is too complex and tries to achieve too many things.The compliance costs for smaller firms,in particular,look burdensome.But these are arguments for using it as a template,not for ignoring the issue of data protection.If America continues on today's path,it will fail to protect the privacy of its citizens and long-term health of its firms.America's data economy has thrived so far with hardly any rules.That era is over.Which of the following is true,according to Paragraph 5?A.The GDPR may result in fragmentation of international law.B.America is restricting its firms from doing business in Europe.C.American states have detected a need for greater data privacy.D.California is considering legislation to protect personal data.
The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation’s cyber-czar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a“voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer.and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems.User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create a“walled garden”n cyberspace,with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still,the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet“drive’s license”mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,who worry that the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19.They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves,in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.15选？A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across
Text 2 Internet service providers have realized that they are sitting on a treasure chest of data about your online activities that they could be selling to advertisers.Recognizing the privacy threat,the Federal Communications Commission adopted rules that would have stopped them from doing so without your consent,but Congress recently shot down the regulation.This is a big deal.Privacy doesn't merely benefit individuals;it fundamentally shapes how society functions.It is crucial for marginalized communities and for social movements.Privacy enables these groups to network,organize,and develop their ideas before challenging the status quo.But when people know they're being tracked and monitored,they change their behavior.This chilling effect hurts our intellectual freedoms and our capacity for social progress.The data that tracks our behavior feeds into machine-learning algorithms that make judgments about us.When used for advertising,they can reproduce our own prejudiced behavior.Marketers can use machine learning to figure out your unique features-do you resDond better to words or to pictures?Do you make impulsive shopping decisions?-to target you with exactly the advertisement that will best persuade you.When consequential decisions about employment or loans are made using this kind of data,the result can feel absurd and incomprehensible,because these systems aren't programmed to explain their decisions.There aren't yet effective ways for humans to hold algorithms accountable for how they categorize us.The good news is how effective technology can be in preventing tracking.We found that ad blockers and other browser-privacy tools can decrease tracking by 80 percent or more.More complex tools can be even more effective.In other worcls,the more technically savvy among us can enjoy dramatically better privacy and digital freedoms.But this has resulted in a technological"arms race,"which is worrying by itself,but also because such technical skill correlates with historically advantaged groups.Meanwhile,publishers are caught in the ad-blocking crossfire,endangering the free press.One bright spot is that online privacy research has had a tremendous effect.It has helped regulators curb the worst of the offenses,forced companies to roll back invasions because of public-relations pressure,spurred the development of privacy tools,and developed a healthy public debate about online tracking.The fight for privacy is now closely linked to the fight for digital civil liberties and democratic values,and it is a movement that includes activists,artists,journalists,researchers,and everyday users of technology.There's tremendous power in your hands to take charge of your own privacy as well as foster these societal values.According to Paragraph l,Congress intends to____.A.protect citizens'personal dataB.monitor advertisers'online activitiesC.allow ISPs to sell users'dataD.approve the FCC's privacy rules
Text 2 Internet service providers have realized that they are sitting on a treasure chest of data about your online activities that they could be selling to advertisers.Recognizing the privacy threat,the Federal Communications Commission adopted rules that would have stopped them from doing so without your consent,but Congress recently shot down the regulation.This is a big deal.Privacy doesn't merely benefit individuals;it fundamentally shapes how society functions.It is crucial for marginalized communities and for social movements.Privacy enables these groups to network,organize,and develop their ideas before challenging the status quo.But when people know they're being tracked and monitored,they change their behavior.This chilling effect hurts our intellectual freedoms and our capacity for social progress.The data that tracks our behavior feeds into machine-learning algorithms that make judgments about us.When used for advertising,they can reproduce our own prejudiced behavior.Marketers can use machine learning to figure out your unique features-do you resDond better to words or to pictures?Do you make impulsive shopping decisions?-to target you with exactly the advertisement that will best persuade you.When consequential decisions about employment or loans are made using this kind of data,the result can feel absurd and incomprehensible,because these systems aren't programmed to explain their decisions.There aren't yet effective ways for humans to hold algorithms accountable for how they categorize us.The good news is how effective technology can be in preventing tracking.We found that ad blockers and other browser-privacy tools can decrease tracking by 80 percent or more.More complex tools can be even more effective.In other worcls,the more technically savvy among us can enjoy dramatically better privacy and digital freedoms.But this has resulted in a technological"arms race,"which is worrying by itself,but also because such technical skill correlates with historically advantaged groups.Meanwhile,publishers are caught in the ad-blocking crossfire,endangering the free press.One bright spot is that online privacy research has had a tremendous effect.It has helped regulators curb the worst of the offenses,forced companies to roll back invasions because of public-relations pressure,spurred the development of privacy tools,and developed a healthy public debate about online tracking.The fight for privacy is now closely linked to the fight for digital civil liberties and democratic values,and it is a movement that includes activists,artists,journalists,researchers,and everyday users of technology.There's tremendous power in your hands to take charge of your own privacy as well as foster these societal values.Which of the following statements about privacy is true?A.It affects individual activities more than social operations.B.It benefiis marginalized groups but hurts the mainstream.C.It conflicts with the pursuit of intellectual freedoms.D.It contributes to the advancement of society.
Text 2 America rarely looks to Brussels for guidance.Commercial freedom appeals more than governmental control.But when it comes to data privacy,the case for copying the best bits of the European Union's approach is compelling.The General Data Protection Regulation（GDPR）is due to come into force next month.It is rules-heavy and has its flaws,but its premise that consumers should be in charge of their personal data is the right one.The law lets users gain access to,and to correct,information that firms hold on them.It gives consumers the right to transfer their data to another organisation.It requires companies to define how they keep data secure.And it lets regulators levy big fines if firms break the rules.America has enacted privacy rules in areas such as health care.But it has never passed an overarching data-protection law.The failings of America's self-regulatory approach are becoming clearer by the week.Large parts of the online economy are fuelled by data that consumers spray around without thought.Companies'mysterious privacy policies obscure what they do with their users'information,which often amounts to pretty much anything they please.Facebook is embroiled in crisis after news that data on 87m users had been passed to a political-campaign firm.These are changing the calculus about the benefits of self-regulation.Opponents of privacy legislation have long argued that the imposition of rules would keep technology companies from innovating.Yet as trust leaks out of the system,innovation is likely to suffer.If consumers worry about what smartphone apps may do with their data,fewer new offerings will take off.It is striking that many of the firms preparing for the GDPR's arrival in Europe are excited that the law has forced them to put their data house in order.The need to minimise legal fragmentation only adds to the case for America to adopt bits of the GDPR.One reason behind the new rules in the EU was to harmonise data-protection laws so that firms can do business across Europe more easily.America is moving in the opposite direction.States that have detected a need for greater privacy are drafting their own laws.California has pending legislation that would establish a data-protection authority to regulate how the state's big tech firms use Californians'personal data.The GDPR is far from perfect.At nearly 100 articles long,it is too complex and tries to achieve too many things.The compliance costs for smaller firms,in particular,look burdensome.But these are arguments for using it as a template,not for ignoring the issue of data protection.If America continues on today's path,it will fail to protect the privacy of its citizens and long-term health of its firms.America's data economy has thrived so far with hardly any rules.That era is over.According to Paragraphs l and 2,GDPR——.A.stresses commercial freedom over governmental controlB.aims to give citizens the control of their personal dataC.grants companies the right to collect user informationD.recognizes the legitimacy of data transfer among firms
Text 2 Internet service providers have realized that they are sitting on a treasure chest of data about your online activities that they could be selling to advertisers.Recognizing the privacy threat,the Federal Communications Commission adopted rules that would have stopped them from doing so without your consent,but Congress recently shot down the regulation.This is a big deal.Privacy doesn't merely benefit individuals;it fundamentally shapes how society functions.It is crucial for marginalized communities and for social movements.Privacy enables these groups to network,organize,and develop their ideas before challenging the status quo.But when people know they're being tracked and monitored,they change their behavior.This chilling effect hurts our intellectual freedoms and our capacity for social progress.The data that tracks our behavior feeds into machine-learning algorithms that make judgments about us.When used for advertising,they can reproduce our own prejudiced behavior.Marketers can use machine learning to figure out your unique features-do you resDond better to words or to pictures?Do you make impulsive shopping decisions?-to target you with exactly the advertisement that will best persuade you.When consequential decisions about employment or loans are made using this kind of data,the result can feel absurd and incomprehensible,because these systems aren't programmed to explain their decisions.There aren't yet effective ways for humans to hold algorithms accountable for how they categorize us.The good news is how effective technology can be in preventing tracking.We found that ad blockers and other browser-privacy tools can decrease tracking by 80 percent or more.More complex tools can be even more effective.In other worcls,the more technically savvy among us can enjoy dramatically better privacy and digital freedoms.But this has resulted in a technological"arms race,"which is worrying by itself,but also because such technical skill correlates with historically advantaged groups.Meanwhile,publishers are caught in the ad-blocking crossfire,endangering the free press.One bright spot is that online privacy research has had a tremendous effect.It has helped regulators curb the worst of the offenses,forced companies to roll back invasions because of public-relations pressure,spurred the development of privacy tools,and developed a healthy public debate about online tracking.The fight for privacy is now closely linked to the fight for digital civil liberties and democratic values,and it is a movement that includes activists,artists,journalists,researchers,and everyday users of technology.There's tremendous power in your hands to take charge of your own privacy as well as foster these societal values.Online privacy research has had a tremendous effect by____.A.providing evidence to regulatorsB.fining companies for invasionsC.designing privacy toolsD.raising public awareness
The Schuyler and Livingston Iron Works has been working on getting its network security undercontrol. It has set up VPN with IPSec links to its suppliers. It has installed network vulnerabilityscanners to proactively identify areas of weakness， and it monitors and responds to securityevents as they occur. It also employs extensive access control lists， stateful firewall implementations， and dedicated firewall appliances. The company has been growing very fastlately and wants to make sure it is up to date on security measures. Which two areas of securitywould you advise the company to strengthen？ （）A、 intrusion protectionB、 identityC、 secure connectivityD、 security management
The Schuyler and Livingston Iron Works has been working on getting its network security under control. It has set up VPN with IPSec links to its suppliers. It has installed network vulnerability scanners to proactively identify areas of weakness, and it monitors and responds to security events as they occur. It also employs extensive access control lists, stateful firewall implementations, and dedicated firewall appliances. The company has been growing very fast lately and wants to make sure it is up to date on security measures.Which two areas of security would you advise the company to strengthen? （）A、intrusion protectionB、identityC、secure connectivityD、security management
You are the network administrator for your company. All servers run Windows Server 2003. Twenty company employees connect to a terminal server named Server2 to run applications and to gain access to the Internet.The 20 employees report that they receive security messages while browsing Internet Web sites. The employees report that they cannot modify the Internet Explorer security settings on their client computers while connected to Server2.You need to allow these 20 employees to modify the Internet Explorer security settings on their client computers while connected to Server2. What should you do？（）A、Log on to Server2 as Administrator and add http：// to the list of trusted sites in Internet Explorer.B、Instruct the 20 employees to add http：// to the list of trusted sites in Internet Explorer on their client computers.C、Instruct the 20 employees to change the Internet Explorer privacy settings on their client computers to Low.D、Uninstall Internet Explorer Enhanced Security Configuration on Server2.
Your company named Contoso， Ltd. has a Web server named WEB1. The Web server runs Windows Server 2008. The fully qualified domain name of WEB1 is web1.contoso.com. The public DNS server has an alias record named owa.contoso.com that maps to web1.contoso.com. Users access WEB1 from the Internet by using http：//owa.contoso.com. The new company security policy states that the owa.contoso.com site must be available for Internet users only through secure HTTP （HTTPS） protocol. The security policy also states that users must not get security warnings when they connect to the site. You need to request a certificate from a public certification authority （CA）. Which Common Name should you use？（）A、Contoso， Ltd.B、owa.contoso.comC、WEB1D、web1.contoso.com
问答题Practice 3 BBC World Service is the world's biggest radio network, with 140 million listeners across the globe, broadcasting in 44 languages, heard on short-wave, medium-wave, FM and satellite. We have an ambitious plan for the brand new technology of Digital Broadcasting by Satellite, due to start next year. The appearance of the Internet has taken us broadcasters all by surprise. The Internet has enabled any radio station anywhere to become an international broadcaster with only a minor investment. Although its sound quality is far from perfect, it excels that of short-wave. Internet radio does not only mean competition but also great opportunities. The BBC is taking the Internet very seriously, for it's a cheap way of getting a reasonable quality signal to places in the even our short-wave transmitters can't adequately reach. Very recently, we launched “BBC On-Line”, which incorporates a 24-hour news service. And the users can hear programmes in Mandarin, Arabic, Spanish and Russian.
问答题Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. Computer users fed up with hacker attacks and other security threats that exploit holes in Microsoft software are increasingly turning to alternatives such as open source Internet browsers developed by Mozilla. “It’s reflective of a trend that we’ve seen over the last year with more web users becoming frustrated with the Internet experience,” said Chris Hoffmann of the Mozilla Foundation, a non-profit group supported by Sun Microsystems, IBM and other companies, backing as an alternative to Microsoft. Much of that frustration has centered on Microsoft, which has been heavily criticized for producing software vulnerable to hand virus writers. Microsoft has responded with a series of patches designed to plug vulnerabilities in its Windows operating system, Internet Explorer web browser and other software. But computer owners are growing weary of continuously updating software to protect against new threats. One incident last month enabled hackers to gain access to web surfers’ computers by taking advantage of vulnerabilities in Microsoft’s browser. Hackers could then install remote access Trojan programs that enabled them to control a victim’s computer. The hackers could also install software to capture a victim’s keystrokes to steal data such as bank account numbers and passwords. Mr. Hoffmann hoped publicity stemming from Microsoft’s security woes(灾难) would translate into a market share increase for Mozilla’s software, which includes the new highly regarded Firefox Internet browser. But Mozilla suffered a setback last week when it was forced to issue a software patch to counter a newly discovered vulnerability affecting its Internet browsers. Still, Mr. Hoffmann said Microsoft’s security woes stem in part from the way its browser has been integrated into Windows for user convenience. Security experts agree that has made it easier for hackers to exploit computers running on Microsoft software. Others suggest Microsoft has been targeted by hackers and virus writers simply because more than 90 per cent of the world’s computers run on the software giant’s operating system. Questions: 1．What is the meaning of the phrase “fed up with” (Para.1)? 2．It can be guessed that the word “plug” (Para.3) means ________________. 3．Why more web users have become frustrated? 4．What happened to Mozilla’s Internet browsers last week? 5．How would Microsoft be less vulnerable?
多选题The Schuyler and Livingston Iron Works has been working on getting its network security under control.It has set up VPN with IPSec links to its suppliers. It has installed network vulnerability scanners to proactively identify areas of weakness, and it monitors and responds to security events as they occur. It also employs extensive access control lists, stateful firewall implementations, and dedicated firewall appliances. The company has been growing very fast lately and wants to make sure it is up to date on security measures. Which two areas of security would you advise the company to strengthen?（）Aintrusion protectionBidentityCsecure connectivityDsecurity management
多选题The Schuyler and Livingston Iron Works has been working on getting its network security undercontrol. It has set up VPN with IPSec links to its suppliers. It has installed network vulnerabilityscanners to proactively identify areas of weakness， and it monitors and responds to securityevents as they occur. It also employs extensive access control lists， stateful firewall implementations， and dedicated firewall appliances. The company has been growing very fastlately and wants to make sure it is up to date on security measures. Which two areas of securitywould you advise the company to strengthen？ （）Aintrusion protectionBidentityCsecure connectivityDsecurity management
单选题Your company named Contoso， Ltd. has a Web server named WEB1. The Web server runs Windows Server 2008. The fully qualified domain name of WEB1 is web1.contoso.com. The public DNS server has an alias record named owa.contoso.com that maps to web1.contoso.com. Users access WEB1 from the Internet by using http：//owa.contoso.com. The new company security policy states that the owa.contoso.com site must be available for Internet users only through secure HTTP （HTTPS） protocol. The security policy also states that users must not get security warnings when they connect to the site. You need to request a certificate from a public certification authority （CA）. Which Common Name should you use？（）AContoso， Ltd.Bowa.contoso.comCWEB1Dweb1.contoso.com